U (Mongolic)

U
U
The Mongolian script
Mongolian vowels
Mongolian consonants
Foreign consonants
	Mongolian script multigraphs;
	v; t; e;

U is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.^[1]^{: 549–551}

Mongolian language

Letter^[2]^{: 17, 19–20}^[3]^: 546
u	Transliteration^{[note 1]}
ᠤ	Alone
ᠤ‍	Initial
‍ᠤ‍	Medial
‍ᠤ	Final

Ligatures^[2]^: 22–23^[3]^: 546
bu	pu	Transliteration
ᠪᠤ	ᠫᠤ	Alone
ᠪᠤ‍	ᠫᠤ‍	Initial
‍ᠪᠤ‍	‍ᠫᠤ‍	Medial
‍ᠪᠤ	‍ᠫᠤ	Final

Separated suffixes^{[note 2]}
‑u(...)	‑u	‑un	‑ud	‑uruɣu	Transliteration
	ᠤ^⟨?⟩	—	—	—	Whole
	—	ᠤᠨ^⟨?⟩	ᠤᠳ^⟨?⟩	—
	—	—	—	ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ^⟨?⟩

Transcribes Chakhar /ʊ/;^[6]^[7] Khalkha /ʊ/, /ə/, and /∅/.^[8]^: 40–42 Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter у.^[9]^[4]
Indistinguishable from o, except where u can be inferred from its context:
- u is found in medial or final syllables if a/u are found syllable-initially (and most often after a syllable-initial i).^[2]^: 19^[10]^: 9–10
‍ᠤ᠋‍ = medial form used after the junction in a proper name compound.^[11]^: 44
Derived from Old Uyghur waw (𐽳), preceded by an aleph (𐽰) for isolate and initial forms.^[3]^{: 539–540, 545–546}^[12]^{: 111, 113}^[11]^: 35
Produced with V using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout.^[13]
In the Mongolian Unicode block, u comes after o and before ö.

Clear Script

Xibe language

Manchu language

Notes

^ Scholarly transliteration.^[4]
^ Separated suffixes starting with, or made up by the letter u include:  ᠤ^⟨?⟩ ‑u or  ᠤᠨ^⟨?⟩ ‑un (genitive),  ᠤᠳ^⟨?⟩ ‑ud (plural), and  ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ^⟨?⟩ ‑uruɣu (directive).^[5]

References

^ "The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 – Core Specification Chapter 13: South and Central Asia-II, Other Modern Scripts" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
^ ^a ^b ^c Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.
^ ^a ^b ^c Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.
^ ^a ^b "Mongolian transliterations" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2006-05-06.
^ "PROPOSAL Encode Mongolian Suffix Connector (U+180F) To Replace Narrow Non-Breaking Space (U+202F)" (PDF). UTC Document Register for 2017. 2017-01-15.
^ "Mongolian Traditional Script". Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
^ "Writing – Study Mongolian". Study Mongolian. August 2013. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
^ Svantesson, Jan-Olof; Tsendina, Anna; Karlsson, Anastasia; Franzen, Vivan (2005-02-10). The Phonology of Mongolian. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-151461-6.
^ Skorodumova, L. G. (2000). Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык (PDF) (in Russian). Muravey-Gayd. ISBN 5-8463-0015-4.
^ Grønbech, Kaare; Krueger, John Richard (1993). An Introduction to Classical (literary) Mongolian: Introduction, Grammar, Reader, Glossary. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-03298-8.
^ ^a ^b Janhunen, Juha (2006-01-27). The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79690-7.
^ Clauson, Gerard (2005-11-04). Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-43012-3.
^ jowilco. "Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization". Microsoft Docs. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[5] Scholarly transliteration.^[4]

[7] Separated suffixes starting with, or made up by the letter u include:  ᠤ^⟨?⟩ ‑u or  ᠤᠨ^⟨?⟩ ‑un (genitive),  ᠤᠳ^⟨?⟩ ‑ud (plural), and  ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ^⟨?⟩ ‑uruɣu (directive).^[5]

[1] "The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 – Core Specification Chapter 13: South and Central Asia-II, Other Modern Scripts" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[Poppe1974-2] Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.

[Daniels1996-3] Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.

[EKIMn2006-4] "Mongolian transliterations" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2006-05-06.

[6] "PROPOSAL Encode Mongolian Suffix Connector (U+180F) To Replace Narrow Non-Breaking Space (U+202F)" (PDF). UTC Document Register for 2017. 2017-01-15.

[CJVLang2013-8] "Mongolian Traditional Script". Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[StudyMn2013-9] "Writing – Study Mongolian". Study Mongolian. August 2013. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[Svantesson2005-10] Svantesson, Jan-Olof; Tsendina, Anna; Karlsson, Anastasia; Franzen, Vivan (2005-02-10). The Phonology of Mongolian. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-151461-6.

[Skorodumova2000-11] Skorodumova, L. G. (2000). Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык (PDF) (in Russian). Muravey-Gayd. ISBN 5-8463-0015-4.

[Grønbech1993-12] Grønbech, Kaare; Krueger, John Richard (1993). An Introduction to Classical (literary) Mongolian: Introduction, Grammar, Reader, Glossary. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-03298-8.

[Janhunen2006-13] Janhunen, Juha (2006-01-27). The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79690-7.

[Clauson2005-14] Clauson, Gerard (2005-11-04). Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-43012-3.

[15] wilco. "Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization". Microsoft Docs. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

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