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2020–21 United States Senate election in Georgia

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2020–21 United States Senate election in Georgia

← 2014 November 3, 2020 (first round)
January 5, 2021 (runoff)
2026 →
Turnout65.4% Increase (first round)
61.5% Decrease (runoff)
 
Candidate Jon Ossoff David Perdue
Party Democratic Republican
First round 2,374,519
47.95%
2,462,617
49.73%
Runoff 2,269,923
50.61%
2,214,979
49.39%

Ossoff:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%
Perdue:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%
Tie:      40–50%      50%      No data

U.S. senator before election

David Perdue
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

Jon Ossoff
Democratic

The 2020–21 United States Senate election in Georgia was held on November 3, 2020, and on January 5, 2021 (as a runoff), to elect the Class II member of the United States Senate to represent the State of Georgia. Democrat Jon Ossoff defeated incumbent Republican Senator David Perdue in the runoff election. The general election was held concurrently with the 2020 presidential election, as well as with other elections to the Senate, elections to the U.S. House of Representatives and various state and local elections.

No candidate received a majority of the vote during the general election on November 3, so the top two finishers—Perdue (49.7%) and Ossoff (47.9%)—advanced to a runoff election, held on January 5, 2021. The runoff was held concurrently with the special election for Georgia's other U.S. Senate seat (which had also advanced to a runoff), in which Republican incumbent Kelly Loeffler lost to Democratic nominee Raphael Warnock. After the general round of elections, Republicans held 50 Senate seats and the Democratic caucus 48 (including two independents who caucus with them). As a result, the two runoffs decided control of the Senate under the incoming Biden administration. By winning both seats, Democrats took control of the chamber, with Vice President Kamala Harris's tie-breaking vote giving them an effective majority. The extraordinarily high political stakes caused the races to attract significant attention nationwide and globally. On January 6, 2021, most major news outlets projected Ossoff the winner, in the midst of the US Capitol riot.[1][2] Perdue conceded the race on January 8.[3][4] According to OpenSecrets, this campaign was the most expensive in U.S. Senate history, with over $468 million spent.[5] Ossoff's victory, along with Warnock's, gave the Democrats control of the Senate for the first time since 2015. Ossoff and Warnock became the first Democrats to be elected to the U.S. Senate from Georgia since Zell Miller in a 2000 special election.

Ossoff became the first Democrat elected to a full term in the Senate from Georgia since Max Cleland, who held this seat from 1997 to 2003, and the first Jewish member of the Senate from the state.[6] Ossoff became the youngest senator since Don Nickles won in 1980, and the youngest Democrat since Joe Biden won in 1972. Georgia election officials certified Ossoff's victory on January 19, 2021; he was sworn in on January 20.[7] Ossoff is the first Jewish senator from the Deep South since Benjamin F. Jonas of Louisiana, who was elected in 1878, and the first millennial United States senator. The two elections mark the first time since the 1994 United States Senate election in Tennessee and the concurrent special election that both Senate seats in a state have flipped from one party to the other in a single election cycle. This was also the first time the Democrats achieved this since West Virginia's 1958 Senate elections. With a margin of 1.2%, this election was also the closest race of the 2020 Senate election cycle.

Republican primary

[edit]

Candidates

[edit]

Nominee

[edit]

Withdrawn

[edit]

Declined

[edit]

Results

[edit]
Republican primary results, June 9, 2020[13]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican David Perdue (incumbent) 992,555 100.00%
Total votes 992,555 100.00%

Democratic primary

[edit]

Candidates

[edit]

Nominee

[edit]

Eliminated in primary

[edit]

Withdrew

[edit]

Declined

[edit]

Polling

[edit]
Poll source Date(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
of error
Sarah Riggs
Amico
Jon
Ossoff
Teresa
Tomlinson
Other Undecided
Landmark Communications[33] June 1, 2020 500 (LV) ± 4.4% 9% 42% 14% 7%[a] 28%
Cygnal (R)[34] May 28–30, 2020 510 (LV) ± 4.3% 8% 49% 16% 4%[b] 24%
The Progress Campaign (D)[35] May 6–15, 2020 1,162 (LV) 9% 46% 29% 16%[c]
The Progress Campaign (D)[36] March 12–21, 2020 913 (RV) ± 4.6% 18% 34% 21% 27%[d]
University of Georgia[37] March 4–14, 2020 807 (LV) ± 3.4% 15% 31% 16% 39%

Head-to-head polling

[edit]
Poll source Date(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
of error
Jon
Ossoff
Teresa
Tomlinson
Undecided
Cygnal (R)[34] May 28–30, 2020 510 (LV) ± 4.3% 58% 24% 18%

Endorsements

[edit]
Teresa Tomlinson

Federal officials

State officials

Local officials

Individuals

Organizations

Results

[edit]
County results
  Ossoff
  •   Ossoff—60–70%
  •   Ossoff—50–60%
  •   Ossoff—40–50%
  •   Ossoff—30–40%
  •   Ossoff—<30%
  Ossoff/Riggs Amico tie
  •   Ossoff/Riggs Amico tie—<30%
  Tomlinson
  •   Tomlinson—60-70%
  •   Tomlinson—50-60%
  •   Tomlinson—40-50%
  •   Tomlinson—30-40%
  •   Tomlinson—<30%
  Riggs Amico
  •   Riggs Amico—30-40%
  •   Riggs Amico—<30%
  Smith
  •   Smith—30-40%
  •   Smith—<30%
  Knox
  •   Knox—<30%

Almost four times as many Georgia voters participated in the 2020 Democratic Senate primary as in the 2016 primary, when only 310,053 votes were cast.[53]

Democratic primary results, June 9, 2020[54]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Jon Ossoff 626,819 52.82%
Democratic Teresa Tomlinson 187,416 15.79%
Democratic Sarah Riggs Amico 139,574 11.76%
Democratic Maya Dillard-Smith 105,000 8.85%
Democratic James Knox 49,452 4.17%
Democratic Marckeith DeJesus 45,936 3.87%
Democratic Tricia Carpenter McCracken 32,463 2.74%
Total votes 1,186,660 100.00%

Other candidates

[edit]
Hazel in 2018

Libertarian Party

[edit]

Nominee

[edit]

Independents

[edit]

Withdrawn

[edit]

General election

[edit]

Debates

[edit]

The first debate between Hazel, Ossoff, and Perdue occurred virtually[62] on October 12.[63]

A second debate between Ossoff and Perdue, held on October 28[e] in Savannah and aired on television station WTOC-TV,[64] was more heated and made national headlines, with Ossoff saying that Perdue had claimed "COVID-19 was no deadlier than the flu", was "looking after [his] own assets, and ... portfolio", and that Perdue voted "four times to end protections for preexisting conditions".[65] Ossoff also called Perdue a "crook" and criticized him for "attacking the health of the people that [he] represent[s]".[66] Perdue said Ossoff will "say and do anything to my friends in Georgia to mislead them about how radical and socialist" his agenda is.[67] Video of the exchange went viral.[62][66]

The next day, October 29, Perdue said he would not attend the third and final debate, previously scheduled to be broadcast on WSB-TV on November 1; instead Perdue decided to attend a rally with President Trump in Rome on the same day[68]—"as lovely as another debate listening to Jon Ossoff lie to the people of Georgia sounds",[67] according to a Perdue spokesman.

On December 6, Ossoff debated an empty podium as Perdue declined to participate in a Georgia Public Broadcasting-held debate.[69] Ossoff criticized Perdue's absence, accusing him of skipping the event because of the negative response to his performance in the October debates.

Predictions

[edit]
Source Ranking As of
DDHQ[70] Tossup November 3, 2020
FiveThirtyEight[71] Tossup November 2, 2020
Inside Elections[72] Tossup October 28, 2020
Sabato's Crystal Ball[73] Tossup November 2, 2020
RCP[74] Tossup October 23, 2020
The Cook Political Report[75] Tossup October 29, 2020
Economist[76] Tossup November 2, 2020
Politico[77] Tossup November 2, 2020
Daily Kos[78] Tossup October 30, 2020

Endorsements

[edit]
David Perdue (R)

U.S. executive branch officials

U.S. senators

State officials

Organizations

Jon Ossoff (D)

U.S. executive branch officials

U.S. senators

U.S. representatives

State legislators

State officials

Local officials

Organizations

Unions

Individuals

Polling

[edit]

Graphical summary

[edit]

Aggregate polls

[edit]
Source of poll
aggregation
Dates
administered
Dates
updated
David
Perdue

Republican
Jon
Ossoff

Democratic
Other/
Undecided
[f]
Margin
270 To Win[120] November 2, 2020 November 3, 2020 46.2% 47.4% 6.4% Ossoff +1.2
Real Clear Politics[121] November 1, 2020 November 3, 2020 46.3% 47.0% 6.7% Ossoff +0.7
Poll source Date(s)
administered
Sample
size[g]
Margin
of error
David
Perdue (R)
Jon
Ossoff (D)
Shane
Hazel (L)
Other /
Undecided
Landmark Communications[122] November 1, 2020 500 (LV) ± 4.4% 49% 47% 3% 1%[h]
Swayable[123] October 27 – November 1, 2020 407 (LV) ± 6.4% 49% 48% 3%
Data for Progress[124] October 27 – November 1, 2020 1,036 (LV) ± 3% 46% 51% 3% 0%[i]
Emerson College[125] October 29–31, 2020 749 (LV) ± 3.5% 49%[j] 51% 3%[k]
Morning Consult[126] October 22–31, 2020 1,743 (LV) ± 2.0% 46% 47%
Landmark Communications[127] October 28, 2020 750 (LV) ± 3.6% 47% 47% 3% 3%[l]
Public Policy Polling[128] October 27–28, 2020 661 (V) 44% 47% 3% 6%[m]
Monmouth University[129] October 23–27, 2020 504 (RV) ± 4.4% 46% 49% 2% 2%[n]
504 (LV)[o] 47% 49%
504 (LV)[p] 48% 49%
Swayable[130] October 23–26, 2020 342 (LV) ± 7.2% 49% 48% 3%
Civiqs/Daily Kos[131] October 23–26, 2020 1,041 (LV) ± 3.4% 46% 51% 2% 2%[q]
YouGov/CBS[132] October 20–23, 2020 1,090 (LV) ± 3.4% 47% 46% 6%[r]
University of Georgia[133] October 14–23, 2020 1,145 (LV) ± 4% 45% 46% 4% 5%[s]
Landmark Communications[134] October 21, 2020 500 (LV) ± 4.4% 50% 45%
Citizen Data[135] October 17–20, 2020 1,000 (LV) ± 3% 41% 47% 12%[t]
Morning Consult[126] October 11–20, 2020 1,672 (LV) ± 2.4% 46% 44%
Emerson College[136] October 17–19, 2020 506 (LV) ± 4.3% 46% 45% 9%[u]
Siena College/NYT Upshot[137] October 13–19, 2020 759 (LV) ± 4.1% 43% 43% 4% 10%[v]
Opinion Insight (R)[138][A] October 12–15, 2020 801 (LV) ± 3.46% 45%[j] 45% 8%[w]
Garin-Hart-Yang Research Group (D)[139][B] October 11–14, 2020 600 (LV) 43% 48% 6% 3%[l]
Quinnipiac University[140] October 8–12, 2020 1,040 (LV) ± 3.0% 45% 51% 3%[x]
SurveyUSA[141] October 8–12, 2020 677 (LV) ± 5.7% 46% 43% 11%[y]
Data for Progress[142] October 8–11, 2020 782 (LV) ± 3.5% 43% 44% 1% 10%
Morning Consult[143] October 2–11, 2020 1,837 (LV) ± 2.3% 46% 42%
Public Policy Polling[144] October 8–9, 2020 528 (V) ± 4.3% 43% 44% 4% 9%[z]
Landmark Communications[145] October 7, 2020 600 (LV) ± 4% 47% 46% 2% 6%[m]
University of Georgia[146] September 27 – October 6, 2020 1,106 (LV) ± 2.9% 49% 41% 3% 7%[aa]
Civiqs/Daily Kos[147] September 26–29, 2020 969 (LV) ± 3.5% 46% 48% 3% 3%[ab]
Hart Research Associates (D)[148][C] September 24–27, 2020 400 (LV) ± 4.9% 49% 46%
Quinnipiac University[149] September 23–27, 2020 1,125 (LV) ± 2.9% 48% 49% 2%[ac]
Redfield & Wilton Strategies[150] September 23–26, 2020 789 (LV) ± 3.49% 42% 47% 12%[ad]
YouGov/CBS[151] September 22–25, 2020 1,164 (LV) ± 3.4% 47% 42% 10%[ae]
Monmouth University[152] September 17–21, 2020 402 (RV) ± 4.9% 48% 42% 4% 6%[af]
402 (LV)[o] 48% 43% 3% 5%[s]
402 (LV)[p] 50% 42% 2% 4%[ag]
Siena College/NYT Upshot[153] September 16–21, 2020 523 (LV) ± 4.9% 41% 38% 5% 16%[ah]
University of Georgia[154] September 11–20, 2020 1,150 (LV) ± 4% 47% 45% 4% 5%[s]
Morning Consult[155] September 11–20, 2020 1,406 (LV) ± (2% – 7%) 43%[ai] 44%
Data For Progress (D)[156] September 14–19, 2020 800 (LV) ± 3.5% 43% 41% 2% 14%[aj]
Morning Consult[157] September 8–17, 2020 1,402 (LV)[ak] ± (2% – 4%) 43% 43%
GBAO Strategies (D)[158][D] September 14–16, 2020 600 (LV) 48% 49%
Redfield & Wilton Strategies[159] September 12–16, 2020 800 (LV) ± 3.46% 43% 43% 14%[al]
Fabrizio Ward/Hart Research Associates[160][E] August 30 – September 5, 2020 800 (LV) ± 3.5% 47% 48% 5%[am]
Opinion Insight/American Action Forum[161][A] August 30 – September 2, 2020 800 (LV) ± 3.46% 45%[j] 44% 11%[an]
HarrisX (D)[162][F] August 20–30, 2020 1,616 (RV) ± 2.4% 47% 40% 8% 4%[ao]
Public Policy Polling[163] August 13–14, 2020 530 (V) ± 4.1% 44% 44% 11%[ap]
Garin-Hart-Yang Research (D)[164][B] August 10–13, 2020 601 (LV) ± 4.0% 46% 48% 6%
SurveyUSA[165] August 6–8, 2020 623 (LV) ± 5.3% 44% 41% 14%[aq]
YouGov/CBS[166] July 28–31, 2020 1,101 (LV) ± 3.4% 45% 43% 13%[ar]
HIT Strategies (D)[167][G] July 23–31, 2020 400 (RV) ± 4.9% 39% 42% 19%[as]
Monmouth University[152] July 23–27, 2020 402 (RV) ± 4.9% 49% 43% 1% 7%[aa]
402 (LV)[o] 50% 43% 1% 6%[m]
402 (LV)[p] 51% 43% 1% 6%[m]
Morning Consult[168] July 17–26, 2020 1,337 (LV) ± 3.0% 45% 42% 12%
Spry Strategies (R)[169][H] July 11–16, 2020 700 (LV) ± 3.7% 46% 44% 10%[at]
Garin-Hart-Yang Research (D)[170][B] July 9–15, 2020 800 (LV) ± 3.5% 44% 45% 11%
Gravis Marketing (R)[171][I] July 2, 2020 513 (LV) ± 4.3% 48% 43% 9%
Fox News[172] June 20–23, 2020 1,013 (RV) ± 3.0% 45% 42% 13%[au]
Public Policy Polling[173] June 12–13, 2020 661 (V) ± 3.4% 44% 45% 11%
Civiqs/Daily Kos[174] May 16–18, 2020 1,339 (RV) ± 3.1% 45% 47% 7%[av]
The Progress Campaign (D)[35][175] May 6–15, 2020 2,893 (LV) ± 2.0% 42% 42% 16%
BK Strategies (R)[176][J] May 11–13, 2020 700 (LV) ± 3.7% 46% 41% 13%
Public Opinion Strategies (R)[177] May 4–7, 2020 500 (LV) ± 4.4% 43% 41% 7% 8%[aw]
Cygnal (R)[178][179][K] April 25–27, 2020 591 (LV) ± 4.0% 45% 39% 16%
The Progress Campaign (D)[180] March 12–21, 2020 3,042 (RV) ± 4.5% 39% 40% 20%
Hypothetical polling

with Teresa Tomlinson

Poll source Date(s)
administered
Sample
size[g]
Margin
of error
David
Perdue (R)
Teresa
Tomlinson (D)
Other /
Undecided
Civiqs/Daily Kos[174] May 16–18 1,339 (RV) ±3.1% 45% 44% 10%[ax]
The Progress Campaign (D)[35][175] May 6–15 2,893 (LV) ± 2% 41% 40% 19%
The Progress Campaign (D)[180] March 12–21 3,042 (RV) ± 4.5% 40% 39% 21%

with Sarah Riggs Amico

Poll source Date(s)
administered
Sample
size[g]
Margin
of error
David
Perdue (R)
Sarah Riggs
Amico (D)
Other /
Undecided
Civiqs/Daily Kos[174] May 16–18 1,339 (RV) ±3.1% 45% 42% 13%[ay]

with Stacey Abrams

Poll source Date(s)
administered
Sample
size[g]
Margin
of error
David
Perdue (R)
Stacey
Abrams (D)
Other /
Undecided
The Progress Campaign (D)[180] March 12–21 3,042 (RV) ± 4.5% 41% 46% 12%

with Generic Democrat

Poll source Date(s)
administered
Sample
size[g]
Margin
of error
David
Perdue (R)
Generic
Democrat
Other /
Undecided
SurveyUSA[181] November 15–18, 2019 1,303 (LV) ± 3.2% 40% 37% 23%
University of Georgia[182] October 28–30, 2019 1,028 (RV) 35.1% 21.1% 43.8%

with Generic Republican and Generic Democrat

Poll source Date(s)
administered
Sample
size[g]
Margin
of error
Generic
Republican
Generic
Democrat
Other /
Undecided
Global Strategy Group (D)[183][L] March 17–19, 2019 603 (LV) ± 4.0% 40% 42% 18%

Results

[edit]
First round state senate district results

No candidate received a majority of the vote on November 3, so the top two finishers—incumbent Republican senator David Perdue (49.7%) and Democratic challenger Jon Ossoff (47.9%)—advanced to a runoff election held on January 5, 2021.[184][185]

Voters whose mail-in ballots were rejected were allowed to submit corrections until 5pm on November 6.[186][187]

2020 United States Senate election in Georgia[188]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican David Perdue (incumbent) 2,462,617 49.73% −3.16%
Democratic Jon Ossoff 2,374,519 47.95% +2.74%
Libertarian Shane T. Hazel 115,039 2.32% +0.42%
Total votes 4,952,175 100.0%

By congressional district

[edit]

Perdue won 8 of 14 congressional districts in the general election.[189]

District Ossoff Perdue Elected
Representative
1st 42.08% 55.5% Buddy Carter
2nd 54.33% 43.88% Sanford Bishop
3rd 35.53% 62.21% Drew Ferguson
4th 77.77% 20.11% Hank Johnson
5th 84.08% 13.76% Nikema Williams
6th 51.32% 46.4% Lucy McBath
7th 50.55% 46.78% Carolyn Bourdeaux
8th 35.65% 62.3% Austin Scott
9th 21.19% 76.29% Andrew Clyde
10th 37.69% 60.04% Jody Hice
11th 39.42% 57.87% Barry Loudermilk
12th 41.72% 56.12% Rick W. Allen
13th 74.64% 23.13% David Scott
14th 24.65% 72.66% Marjorie Taylor Greene

Runoff

[edit]

The runoff election between Perdue and Ossoff was on January 5, 2021,[190] alongside the special election for the Georgia U.S. Senate seat held by Republican Kelly Loeffler.

Following the 2020 Senate elections, Republicans held 50 Senate seats and the Democratic caucus 48.[191] Since Democrats won both Georgia runoffs, their caucus gained control of the Senate, as the resultant 50–50 tie is broken by Democratic vice president Kamala Harris. If the Democrats had lost either race, Republicans would have retained control of the Senate.[192] The high political stakes caused the races to attract significant nationwide attention.[193][194][195] These elections are the third and fourth Senate runoff elections to be held in Georgia since runoffs were first mandated in 1964, following runoffs in 1992 and 2008.[196] It is also the third time that both of Georgia's Senate seats have been up for election at the same time, following double-barrel elections in 1914 and 1932.[197]

The deadline for registration for the runoff election was December 7, 2020. Absentee ballots for the runoff election were sent out beginning on November 18, and in-person voting began on December 14.[198][199] Ossoff's runoff campaign largely focused around accusing Perdue of corruption as well as aggressively courting Black voters in an attempt to drive up turnout, while Perdue characterised Ossoff as a socialist and accused him of having ties to the People's Republic of China.[200] Perdue's campaign was hampered by his refusal to state that Joe Biden had won that year's presidential election, which made it exceedingly difficult for him to argue that an Ossoff victory would create a Democratic trifecta.[201]

Predictions

[edit]
Source Ranking As of
The Cook Political Report[202] Tossup January 4, 2021
Inside Elections[203] Tossup December 14, 2020
Sabato's Crystal Ball[204] Tossup January 5, 2021

Fundraising

[edit]
Campaign finance reports as of December 31, 2020
Candidate Raised Spent Cash on hand
Jon Ossoff (D) $156,146,537 $151,814,804 $4,331,733
David Perdue (R) $102,722,245 $90,354,529 $12,414,00
Source: Federal Election Commission[205]

Polling

[edit]

Aggregate polls

[edit]
Source of poll
aggregation
Dates
administered
Dates
updated
David
Perdue

Republican
Jon
Ossoff

Democratic
Undecided
[f]
Margin
270 To Win[206] Dec 30, 2020 – January 4, 2021 January 4, 2021 47.4% 50.2% 2.4% Ossoff +2.8
RealClearPolitics[207] Dec 14, 2020 – January 4, 2021 January 5, 2021 48.8% 49.3% 1.9% Ossoff +0.5
538[208] Nov 9, 2020 – January 4, 2021 January 5, 2021 47.4% 49.1% 3.5% Ossoff +1.8
Average 47.9% 49.5% 2.6% Ossoff +1.7

This section also contains pre-runoff polls excluding all candidates except head-to-head matchups.

Poll source Date(s)
administered
Sample
size[g]
Margin
of error
David
Perdue (R)
Jon
Ossoff (D)
Undecided
Trafalgar Group (R)[209] January 2–4, 2021 1,056 (LV) ± 2.9% 49% 49% 2%
AtlasIntel[210] January 2–4, 2021 857 (LV) ± 3% 47% 51% 2%
InsiderAdvantage[211] January 3, 2021 500 (LV) ± 4.4% 49% 49% 3%
National Research Inc[212] January 2–3, 2021 500 (LV) ± 4.4% 45% 46% 9%
University of Nevada Las Vegas Lee Business School[213] December 30, 2020 – January 3, 2021 550 (LV) ± 4% 49% 48% 3%
Targoz Market Research[214] December 30, 2020 – January 3, 2021 713 (LV) ± 3.7% 50% 50% 0%
1,342 (RV) 47% 51% 2%
AtlasIntel[215] December 25, 2020 – January 1, 2021 1,680 (LV) ± 2% 47% 51% 2%
Gravis Marketing[216] December 29–30, 2020 1,011 (LV) ± 3.1% 47% 50% 3%
JMC Analytics and Polling[217] December 28–29, 2020 500 (LV) ± 4.4% 45% 53% 2%
Trafalgar Group (R)[218] December 23–27, 2020 1,022 (LV) ± 3.0% 48% 50% 2%
Open Model Project[219] December 21–27, 2020 1,405 (LV) ± 4.7% 50% 46% 4%
InsiderAdvantage[220] December 21–22, 2020 500 (LV) ± 4.4% 49% 48% 3%
Mellman Group[221] December 18–22, 2020 578 (LV) ± 4.1% 47% 50% 3%
Reconnect Research/Probolsky Research[222] December 14–22, 2020 1,027 (LV) ± 4% 43% 42% 15%
SurveyUSA[223] December 16–20, 2020 600 (LV) ± 5.1% 46% 51% 3%
Trafalgar Group (R)[224] December 14–16, 2020 1,064 (LV) ± 3.0% 50% 48% 2%
Emerson College[225] December 14–16, 2020 605 (LV) ± 3.9% 51% 48% 1%
InsiderAdvantage[226] December 14, 2020 500 (LV) ± 4.4% 49% 48% 3%
Wick[227] December 10–14, 2020 1,500 (LV) 51% 47% 2%
RMG Research[228] December 8–14, 2020 1,417 (LV) ± 2.6% 47% 49% 4%
Baris/Peach State Battleground Poll[229] December 4–11, 2020 1,008 (LV) ± 3.1% 45% 47% 9%
Trafalgar Group (R)[230] December 8–10, 2020 1,018 (LV) ± 3.0% 49% 49% 2%
Fabrizio Ward/Hart Research Associates[231] November 30 – December 4, 2020 1,250 (LV) ± 3.2% 46% 48% 6%
Trafalgar Group (R)[232] December 1–3, 2020 1,083 (LV) ± 2.9% 47% 48% 5%
SurveyUSA[233] November 27–30, 2020 583 (LV) ± 5.2% 48% 50% 2%
RMG Research[234] November 19–24, 2020 1,377 (LV) ± 2.6% 47% 48% 5%
Data For Progress (D)[235] November 15–20, 2020 1,476 (LV) ± 2.6% 50% 48% 3%
InsiderAdvantage[236] November 16, 2020 800 (LV) ± 3.5% 49% 49% 2%
Remington Research Group[237] November 8–9, 2020 1,450 (LV) ± 2.6% 50% 46% 4%
Garin-Hart-Yang Research Group (D)[139][B] October 11–14, 2020 600 (LV) 45% 50% 5%
Data For Progress (D)[156] September 14–19, 2020 800 (LV) ± 3.5% 44% 44% 12%
Hypothetical polling

with Generic Republican and Generic Democrat

Poll source Date(s)
administered
Sample
size[g]
Margin
of error
Generic
Republican
Generic
Democrat
Undecided
RMG Research/PoliticalIQ[238] December 8–14, 2020 1,377 (LV) ± 2.6% 46%[az] 42% 11%[ba]
Quinnipiac University[149] September 23–27, 2020 1,125 (LV) ± 2.9% 48% 49% 3%

Results

[edit]

Ossoff won Washington and Baldwin counties in the runoff, after having lost them in the general election.

2021 United States Senate election in Georgia runoff[188]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Jon Ossoff 2,269,923 50.61% N/A
Republican David Perdue 2,214,979 49.39% N/A
Total votes 4,484,902 100.00% N/A
Democratic gain from Republican

By county

[edit]
By county
County[188] Jon Ossoff
Democratic
David Perdue
Republican
Margin Total
votes
# % # % # %
Appling 1,598 21.95 5,683 78.05 -4,085 -56.10 7,281
Atkinson 720 27.22 1,925 72.78 -1,205 -45.56 2,645
Bacon 559 13.54 3,569 86.46 -3,010 -72.92 4,128
Baker 630 43.78 809 56.22 -179 -12.44 1,439
Baldwin 8,515 51.78 7,931 48.22 584 3.55 16,446
Banks 836 11.22 6,612 88.78 -5,776 -77.55 7,448
Barrow 9,276 28.93 22,789 71.07 -13,513 -42.14 32,065
Bartow 10,735 24.98 32,239 75.02 -21,504 -50.04 42,974
Ben Hill 2,182 38.19 3,531 61.81 -1,349 -23.61 5,713
Berrien 1,141 17.08 5,538 82.92 -4,397 -65.83 6,679
Bibb 39,717 62.58 23,748 37.42 15,969 25.16 63,465
Bleckley 1,190 23.29 3,920 76.71 -2,730 -53.42 5,110
Brantley 615 9.29 6,003 90.71 -5,388 -81.41 6,618
Brooks 2,456 39.51 3,760 60.49 -1,304 -20.98 6,216
Bryan 6,020 32.34 12,596 67.66 -6,576 -35.32 18,616
Bulloch 9,832 37.61 16,311 62.39 -6,479 -24.78 26,143
Burke 4,686 49.37 4,806 50.63 -120 -1.26 9,492
Butts 3,004 29.43 7,205 70.57 -4,201 -41.15 10,209
Calhoun 1,202 59.21 828 40.79 374 18.42 2,030
Camden 6,856 34.50 13,015 65.50 -6,159 -30.99 19,871
Candler 1,134 28.97 2,781 71.03 -1,647 -42.07 3,915
Carroll 14,590 30.94 32,573 69.06 -17,983 -38.13 47,163
Catoosa 6,009 21.64 21,757 78.36 -15,748 -56.72 27,766
Charlton 966 24.70 2,945 75.30 -1,979 -50.60 3,911
Chatham 72,309 59.64 48,937 40.36 23,372 19.28 121,246
Chattahoochee 606 45.84 716 54.16 -110 -8.32 1,322
Chattooga 1,673 20.33 6,558 79.67 -4,885 -59.35 8,231
Cherokee 37,596 29.40 90,276 70.60 -52,680 -41.20 127,872
Clarke 32,901 71.20 13,311 28.80 19,590 42.39 46,212
Clay 728 55.53 583 44.47 145 11.06 1,311
Clayton 91,015 88.43 11,907 11.57 79,108 76.86 102,922
Clinch 615 25.06 1,839 74.94 -1,224 -49.88 2,454
Cobb 201,009 56.04 157,653 43.96 43,356 12.09 358,662
Coffee 4,058 30.71 9,154 69.29 -5,096 -38.57 13,212
Colquitt 3,714 26.43 10,339 73.57 -6,625 -47.14 14,053
Columbia 26,497 36.72 45,667 63.28 -19,170 -26.56 72,164
Cook 1,894 30.51 4,313 69.49 -2,419 -38.97 6,207
Coweta 21,527 31.99 45,776 68.01 -24,249 -36.03 67,303
Crawford 1,486 27.70 3,879 72.30 -2,393 -44.60 5,365
Crisp 2,681 37.58 4,454 62.42 -1,773 -24.85 7,135
Dade 1,131 17.79 5,227 82.21 -4,096 -64.42 6,358
Dawson 2,230 15.50 12,159 84.50 -9,929 -69.0 14,389
Decatur 4,127 41.08 5,919 58.92 -1,792 -17.84 10,046
DeKalb 291,667 83.49 57,674 16.51 233,993 66.98 349,341
Dodge 2,011 28.02 5,165 71.98 -3,154 -43.95 7,176
Dooly 1,802 48.18 1,938 51.82 -136 -3.64 3,740
Dougherty 22,745 70.88 9,346 29.12 13,399 41.75 32,091
Douglas 40,398 64.77 21,970 35.23 18,428 29.55 62,368
Early 2,182 47.96 2,368 52.04 -186 -4.09 4,550
Echols 130 10.95 1,057 89.05 -927 -78.10 1,187
Effingham 7,147 25.68 20,680 74.32 -13,533 -48.63 27,827
Elbert 2,493 31.11 5,521 68.89 -3,028 -37.78 8,014
Emanuel 2,547 30.49 5,807 69.51 -3,260 -39.02 8,354
Evans 1,198 32.06 2,539 67.94 -1,341 -35.88 3,737
Fannin 2,378 17.68 11,070 82.32 -8,692 -64.63 13,448
Fayette 30,938 45.90 36,463 54.10 -5,525 -8.20 67,401
Floyd 10,676 29.83 25,108 70.17 -14,432 -40.33 35,784
Forsyth 36,936 32.06 78,263 67.94 -41,327 -35.87 115,199
Franklin 1,345 14.63 7,849 85.37 -6,504 -70.74 9,194
Fulton 350,342 71.68 138,417 28.32 211,925 43.36 488,759
Gilmer 2,664 17.97 12,163 82.03 -9,499 -64.07 14,827
Glascock 134 9.82 1,230 90.18 -1,096 -80.35 1,364
Glynn 13,976 37.32 23,476 62.68 -9,500 -25.37 37,452
Gordon 3,881 19.07 16,471 80.93 -12,590 -61.86 20,352
Grady 3,099 33.22 6,229 66.78 -3,130 -33.55 9,328
Greene 3,703 34.87 6,917 65.13 -3,214 -30.26 10,620
Gwinnett 222,346 60.11 147,563 39.89 74,783 20.22 369,909
Habersham 3,160 17.53 14,871 82.47 -11,711 -64.95 18,031
Hall 21,883 27.69 57,157 72.31 -35,274 -44.63 79,040
Hancock 2,775 72.34 1,061 27.66 1,714 44.68 3,836
Haralson 1,610 13.24 10,553 86.76 -8,943 -73.53 12,163
Harris 4,986 27.27 13,297 72.73 -8,311 -45.46 18,283
Hart 2,869 25.60 8,336 74.40 -5,467 -48.79 11,205
Heard 780 16.68 3,895 83.32 -3,115 -66.63 4,675
Henry 68,235 62.38 41,145 37.62 27,090 24.77 109,380
Houston 29,608 44.60 36,779 55.40 -7,171 -10.80 66,387
Irwin 877 24.25 2,739 75.75 -1,862 -51.49 3,616
Jackson 6,785 20.83 25,793 79.17 -19,008 -58.35 32,578
Jasper 1,654 24.32 5,146 75.68 -3,492 -51.35 6,800
Jeff Davis 947 18.62 4,139 81.38 -3,192 -62.76 5,086
Jefferson 3,752 54.17 3,174 45.83 578 8.35 6,926
Jenkins 1,173 37.64 1,943 62.36 -770 -24.71 3,116
Johnson 1,044 29.22 2,529 70.78 -1,485 -41.56 3,573
Jones 4,517 33.88 8,815 66.12 -4,298 -32.24 13,332
Lamar 2,395 30.0 5,588 70.0 -3,193 -40.0 7,983
Lanier 905 29.85 2,127 70.15 -1,222 -40.30 3,032
Laurens 7,389 36.50 12,855 63.50 -5,466 -27.0 20,244
Lee 4,225 28.37 10,665 71.63 -6,440 -43.25 14,890
Liberty 11,830 64.59 6,485 35.41 5,345 29.18 18,315
Lincoln 1,311 31.09 2,906 68.91 -1,595 -37.82 4,217
Long 1,795 38.74 2,838 61.26 -1,043 -22.51 4,633
Lowndes 17,369 43.60 22,464 56.40 -5,095 -12.79 39,833
Lumpkin 2,820 20.59 10,877 79.41 -8,057 -58.82 13,697
Macon 2,664 62.49 1,599 37.51 1,065 24.98 4,263
Madison 3,074 23.29 10,125 76.71 -7,051 -53.42 13,199
Marion 1,217 37.85 1,998 62.15 -781 -24.29 3,215
McDuffie 3,733 40.42 5,502 59.58 -1,769 -19.16 9,235
McIntosh 2,399 40.40 3,539 59.60 -1,140 -19.20 5,938
Meriwether 4,012 40.75 5,833 59.25 -1,821 -18.50 9,845
Miller 650 26.53 1,800 73.47 -1,150 -46.94 2,450
Mitchell 3,546 45.14 4,309 54.86 -763 -9.71 7,855
Monroe 4,027 28.54 10,084 71.46 -6,057 -42.92 14,111
Montgomery 884 25.12 2,635 74.88 -1,751 -49.76 3,519
Morgan 3,097 28.60 7,730 71.40 -4,633 -42.79 10,827
Murray 2,036 15.66 10,963 84.34 -8,927 -68.67 12,999
Muscogee 44,875 62.76 26,626 37.24 18,249 25.52 71,501
Newton 28,177 57.74 20,620 42.26 7,557 15.49 48,797
Oconee 7,322 31.10 16,220 68.90 -8,898 -37.80 23,542
Oglethorpe 2,237 30.97 4,985 69.03 -2,748 -38.05 7,222
Paulding 27,083 36.62 46,872 63.38 -19,789 -26.76 73,955
Peach 5,335 48.27 5,717 51.73 -382 -3.46 11,052
Pickens 2,548 16.82 12,601 83.18 -10,053 -66.36 15,149
Pierce 956 12.06 6,972 87.94 -6,016 -75.88 7,928
Pike 1,372 14.24 8,266 85.76 -6,894 -71.53 9,638
Polk 3,305 22.25 11,546 77.75 -8,241 -55.49 14,851
Pulaski 1,118 30.36 2,564 69.64 -1,446 -39.27 3,682
Putnam 3,160 29.16 7,676 70.84 -4,516 -41.68 10,836
Quitman 463 45.80 548 54.20 -85 -8.41 1,011
Rabun 1,789 21.28 6,618 78.72 -4,829 -57.44 8,407
Randolph 1,672 56.45 1,290 43.55 382 12.90 2,962
Richmond 53,568 69.36 23,660 30.64 29,908 38.73 77,228
Rockdale 29,463 72.38 11,244 27.62 18,219 44.76 40,707
Schley 435 21.14 1,623 78.86 -1,188 -57.73 2,058
Screven 2,408 40.70 3,509 59.30 -1,101 -18.61 5,917
Seminole 1,147 32.79 2,351 67.21 -1,204 -34.42 3,498
Spalding 10,966 40.73 15,957 59.27 -4,991 -18.54 26,923
Stephens 2,058 20.50 7,979 79.50 -5,921 -58.99 10,037
Stewart 1,115 61.88 687 38.12 428 23.75 1,802
Sumter 5,847 52.79 5,230 47.21 617 5.57 11,077
Talbot 1,945 61.03 1,242 38.97 703 22.06 3,187
Taliaferro 513 60.71 332 39.29 181 21.42 845
Tattnall 1,872 25.94 5,344 74.06 -3,472 -48.12 7,216
Taylor 1,350 38.93 2,118 61.07 -768 -22.15 3,468
Telfair 1,348 35.06 2,497 64.94 -1,149 -29.88 3,845
Terrell 2,256 54.70 1,868 45.30 388 9.41 4,124
Thomas 7,647 39.78 11,577 60.22 -3,930 -20.44 19,224
Tift 4,726 32.80 9,681 67.20 -4,955 -34.39 14,407
Toombs 2,511 26.75 6,877 73.25 -4,366 -46.51 9,388
Towns 1,394 19.26 5,842 80.74 -4,448 -61.47 7,236
Treutlen 847 31.30 1,859 68.70 -1,012 -37.40 2,706
Troup 10,504 39.95 15,788 60.05 -5,284 -20.10 26,292
Turner 1,305 38.27 2,105 61.73 -800 -23.46 3,410
Twiggs 1,876 47.70 2,057 52.30 -181 -4.60 3,933
Union 2,570 18.12 11,613 81.88 -9,043 -63.76 14,183
Upson 3,833 34.30 7,342 65.70 -3,509 -31.40 11,175
Walker 4,891 20.25 19,268 79.75 -14,377 -59.51 24,159
Walton 11,583 25.46 33,908 74.54 -22,325 -49.08 45,491
Ware 3,704 30.36 8,498 69.64 -4,794 -39.29 12,202
Warren 1,387 56.24 1,079 43.76 308 12.49 2,466
Washington 4,368 51.21 4,161 48.79 207 2.43 8,529
Wayne 2,488 22.19 8,724 77.81 -6,236 -55.62 11,212
Webster 554 44.18 700 55.82 -146 -11.64 1,254
Wheeler 627 31.21 1,382 68.79 -755 -37.58 2,009
White 2,222 16.72 11,071 83.28 -8,849 -66.57 13,293
Whitfield 9,245 29.12 22,501 70.88 -13,256 -41.76 31,746
Wilcox 763 26.79 2,085 73.21 -1,322 -46.42 2,848
Wilkes 1,949 43.03 2,580 56.97 -631 -13.93 4,529
Wilkinson 1,960 45.51 2,347 54.49 -387 -8.99 4,307
Worth 2,229 26.91 6,053 73.09 -3,824 -46.17 8,282
Totals 2,269,923 50.61 2,214,979 49.39 54,944 1.23 4,484,902

Counties that flipped from Republican to Democratic[239]

Counties that flipped from Democratic to Republican[240]

By congressional district

[edit]

Despite losing the statewide runoff, Perdue held onto the 8 congressional districts he had previously won in the general election.[241]

District Ossoff Perdue Elected
Representative
1st 44.27% 55.73% Buddy Carter
2nd 57.13% 42.87% Sanford Bishop
3rd 37.7% 62.3% Drew Ferguson
4th 81.06% 18.94% Hank Johnson
5th 86.71% 13.29% Nikema Williams
6th 52.59% 47.41% Lucy McBath
7th 53.41% 46.59% Carolyn Bourdeaux
8th 37.74% 62.26% Austin Scott
9th 22.57% 77.43% Andrew Clyde
10th 40.01% 59.99% Jody Hice
11th 41.22% 58.78% Barry Loudermilk
12th 43.92% 56.08% Rick W. Allen
13th 78.21% 21.79% David Scott
14th 26.39% 73.61% Marjorie Taylor Greene

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]

Partisan clients

  1. ^ a b The American Action Forum is a 501 organisation which usually supports Republican candidates.
  2. ^ a b c d Poll sponsored by Ossoff's campaign.
  3. ^ Poll sponsored by The Human Rights Campaign, which endorsed Biden before this poll's sampling period.
  4. ^ Poll sponsored by Warnock's campaign for the 2020–21 United States Senate special election in Georgia.
  5. ^ Poll sponsored by AARP.
  6. ^ Poll sponsored by Matt Lieberman's campaign.
  7. ^ This poll's sponsor, DFER, primarily supports Democratic candidates.
  8. ^ This poll's sponsor is the American Principles Project, a 501 that supports the Republican Party.
  9. ^ Poll is sponsored by OANN, a far-right political talkshow.
  10. ^ This poll was sponsored by the Republican State Leadership Committee.
  11. ^ Poll conducted for the Speaker of Georgia's House Republican caucus.
  12. ^ Poll sponsored by the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee.

Voter samples and additional candidates

  1. ^ "Another candidate" with 7.2%
  2. ^ Knox with 1.5%; DeJesus and Smith with 1%; McCracken with 0.3%
  3. ^ Listed as "other/undecided"
  4. ^ Includes undecided
  5. ^ Initially scheduled for October 19.[62]
  6. ^ a b Calculated by taking the difference of 100% and all other candidates combined.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h Key:
    A – all adults
    RV – registered voters
    LV – likely voters
    V – unclear
  8. ^ Undecided with 1%
  9. ^ "Other candidate or write-in" with 0%
  10. ^ a b c With voters who lean towards a given candidate
  11. ^ "Someone else" with 3%
  12. ^ a b Undecided with 3%
  13. ^ a b c d Undecided with 6%
  14. ^ "Other candidate" and "No one" with 0%; Undecided with 2%
  15. ^ a b c With a likely voter turnout model featuring higher turnout than in the 2016 presidential election
  16. ^ a b c With a likely voter turnout model featuring lower turnout than in the 2016 presidential election
  17. ^ "Someone else" and Undecided with 1%
  18. ^ "Someone else" with 2%; Undecided with 4%
  19. ^ a b c Undecided with 5%
  20. ^ "Other" with 5%; Undecided with 8%
  21. ^ "Someone else" with 3%; Undecided with 6%
  22. ^ "Someone else" and would not vote with 1%; "Undecided/Refused" with 8%
  23. ^ "Someone else" and did/would not vote with 1%; "Undecided/Refused" with 6%
  24. ^ "Someone else" with 0%; Undecided with 3%
  25. ^ "Some other candidate" with 3%; Undecided with 8%
  26. ^ Undecided with 9%
  27. ^ a b Undecided with 7%
  28. ^ "Someone else" with 1%; Undecided with 2%
  29. ^ "Someone else" with 0%; Undecided with 2%
  30. ^ "Another Third Party/Write-in" with 3%; Undecided with 9%
  31. ^ "Someone else" with 2%; Undecided with 8%
  32. ^ "Other" and "No one" with 0%; Undecided with 6%
  33. ^ Undecided with 4%
  34. ^ "Someone else" and would not vote with 0%; "Undecided/Refused" with 16%
  35. ^ Overlapping sample with the previous Morning Consult poll, but more information available regarding sample size
  36. ^ Undecided with 14%
  37. ^ Additional data sourced from FiveThirtyEight
  38. ^ "Another Third Party/Write-in" with 3%; Undecided with 11%
  39. ^ Would not vote with 1%; Undecided with 4%
  40. ^ Would not vote with 2%; Undecided with 9%
  41. ^ Would not vote with 4%
  42. ^ Undecided with 11%
  43. ^ "Some other candidate" with 4%; Undecided with 10%
  44. ^ "Someone else" with 3%; Undecided with 10%
  45. ^ "Third party candidate" with 3%; would not vote with 2%; Undecided with 14%
  46. ^ "Another candidate" with 4%; Undecided with 6%
  47. ^ Undecided with 8%; "Other" with 3%; would not vote with 2%
  48. ^ "Someone else" with 4%; Undecided with 3%
  49. ^ "Undecided" with 8%
  50. ^ "Someone else" with 6%; Undecided with 4%
  51. ^ "Someone else" with 8%; Undecided with 5%
  52. ^ "It is more important for Republicans to have control of the Senate" as opposed to "It is more important for Democrats to have control of the Senate" with 46%
  53. ^ "It does not matter which party has control of the Senate" with 7%; Undecided with 4%

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Martin, Jonathan; Fausset, Richard; Epstein, Reid J. (January 6, 2021). "Jon Ossoff wins in Georgia, ensuring Democrats will control the Senate". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 7, 2021. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
  2. ^ Cathey, Libby; et al. (January 6, 2021). "ABC News projects Ossoff victory over Perdue". ABC News. Archived from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
  3. ^ Bluestein, Greg. "David Perdue concedes to Jon Ossoff, ending Georgia Senate runoffs". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved January 8, 2021.
  4. ^ "GOP's David Perdue concedes to Jon Ossoff in Georgia runoff". AP NEWS. January 8, 2021. Retrieved January 8, 2021.
  5. ^ Evers-Hillstrom, Karl (January 4, 2021). "Georgia Senate races shatter spending records". OpenSecrets. Archived from the original on January 7, 2021.
  6. ^ Stuart, Tessa (January 6, 2021). "Warnock Makes History and Democrats Gain Senate Majority". Rolling Stone. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
  7. ^ Amy Gardner; Erica Werner (January 19, 2021). "Georgia certifies Ossoff and Warnock victories, paving way for Democratic control of Senate". Retrieved January 19, 2021.
  8. ^ a b Hallerman, Tamar; Bluestein, Greg (December 2, 2018). "Inside David Perdue's 2020 race for another U.S. Senate term". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Archived from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved December 3, 2018.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h "Georgia Senate 2020 Race". Open Secrets. Archived from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved May 15, 2020.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g "All seats up for grab". Early County News. May 12, 2020. Archived from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved May 15, 2020.
  11. ^ Bortree Broadcast (September 17, 2018). Voting Out Rinos with Derrick Grayson. Archived from the original on November 17, 2021 – via YouTube.
  12. ^ Nadler, Ben; Amy, Jeff (March 7, 2020). "Candidate fields for 2020 races in Georgia take final shape". WJXT. Associated Press. Archived from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved March 23, 2020.
  13. ^ "Rep – US Senate". Georgia Secretary of State. Archived from the original on June 10, 2020. Retrieved June 9, 2020.
  14. ^ Bluestein, Greg (September 9, 2019). "Ossoff to run for US Senate in Georgia". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Archived from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved September 9, 2019.
  15. ^ Wooten, Nick (May 1, 2019). "Former Columbus Mayor Teresa Tomlinson formally announces 2020 U.S. Senate bid". Ledger-Enquirer. Columbus, Georgia. Archived from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved May 1, 2019.
  16. ^ Greg Bluestein. "Tomlinson's fundraising total could give rival Ga. Democrats an opening". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Archived from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved July 9, 2019.
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  19. ^ "AJC and Democratic Party Exclude Black Candidates from GA US Senate Debate". Archived from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved January 28, 2020.
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  25. ^ Galloway, Jim (December 28, 2018). "The question for Georgia Democrats in 2019: WWAD?". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Archived from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved January 3, 2019.
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  28. ^ Jordan, Jen [@senatorjen] (April 28, 2019). "I think about all that have lifted me up – specifically my teachers – and supported me through the years and continue to do so. But, it is because of them that I am going to continue to serve the people of my district as a state senator" (Tweet). Retrieved April 28, 2019 – via Twitter.
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  33. ^ Landmark Communications
  34. ^ a b Cygnal (R)
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  36. ^ The Progress Campaign (D)
  37. ^ University of Georgia
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Further reading

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Official campaign websites