User:BlueSahelian/Jibril
Jibril bin Umar | |
|---|---|
| Personal life | |
| Died | after 1786 |
| Pen name | Jibril bin Umar al-Aqdasi |
| Religious life | |
| Religion | Islam |
| Denomination | Sunni |
| Tariqa | |
| Muslim leader | |
Students | |
Sheikh Jibril bin Umar (Arabic: جبريل بن عمر) was an 18th-century Sufi scholar and controversial reformist from Agadez. He is best known for his influence on Usman dan Fodio, the founder of the Sokoto Caliphate.
Life
[edit]Not much is known about Jibril's life with certainty. According to his nisba, he was from Agadez and was likely of Hausa-Tuareg parentage. His teachers included well-respected scholars in Hausaland, the most renowned being Ali Jobbo, a Fulani scholar whose tomb was venerated as late as the mid-19th century. Jibril came to become a scholar of note, amassing a following of students from around the region, including Usman dan Fodio and his brother Abdullahi.[1]
Jibril made two pilgrimages to Mecca during his life. During his first pilgrimage, he stayed in Egypt for several years, where he studied under Ahmad al-Dardir (d. 1786), one of the most prominent members of the Khalwati Sufi order at the time. Jibril was initiated into the order while in Cairo, and, upon returning to Agadez, he initiated Usman, Abdullahi, and Usman's son, Muhammad Bello, into the Khalwati order.[2]: 24
In the late 18th-century, during a year long stay at Agadez, Jibril made a call to jihad, but this was unpopular and he was forced to flee. He then decided to undertake a second pilgrimage to Mecca, inviting his student Usman to accompany him. However, Usman's father refused to permit him. During this journey, Jibril met Muhammad Murtada al-Zabidi (d. 1790), who gave him a general ijaza.[1][3][4][5] He did not stay in Mecca long and returned from his journey in 1786, seemingly settling in Adar. He died in Madaoua.[6]: 6
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[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b Arabic literature of Africa. Internet Archive. Leiden ; New York : E.J. Brill. 1994. pp. 47–48. ISBN 978-90-04-09450-5.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ Martin, Bradford G. (1976). Muslim brotherhoods in nineteenth-century Africa. Internet Archive. Cambridge, [Eng.] ; New York : Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-21062-1.
- ^ El-Nagar, Omer (1969). West Africa and the Muslim pilgrimage: An historical study with special reference to the nineteenth century (phd thesis). SOAS University of London.
- ^ Kane, Ousmane Oumar, ed. (2021). Islamic Scholarship in Africa: New Directions and Global Contexts. Boydell & Brewer. p. 153. ISBN 978-1-84701-231-9.
- ^ Reichmuth, Stefan (2009). The world of Murtada al-Zabidi (1732-91) : life, networks and writings. Internet Archive. [Cambridge, U.K.] : Gibb Memorial Trust. p. 193. ISBN 978-0-906094-60-0.
- ^ Last, Murray (1967). The Sokoto Caliphate. Internet Archive. [New York] Humanities Press.