List of wars involving Algeria
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This is a list of wars involving the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria and its predecessor states.
- Algerian defeat
- Algerian victory
- Another result (e.g: Treaty, status quo ante bellum, indecisive/stalemate/withdrawal etc... or indecisive)
Zayyanid Kingdom of Tlemcen (1235–1556)
| Conflict | Belligerents | Result for Algeria and its Allies | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | ||
Zayyanid–Almohad wars (1236–1248)
|
 Kingdom of Tlemcen
|
 Almohad Caliphate
|
Zayyanid Victory
|
| Zayyanid Capture of Sijilmasa (1264) |
Kingdom of Tlemcen
|
 Marinid Sultanate
|
Zayyanid Victory |
| Siege of Tlemcen (1272) | Kingdom of Tlemcen
|
Marinid Sultanate
|
Zayyanid Victory
|
| Battle of Tafna (1281) [fr] | Kingdom of Tlemcen
|
Marinid Sultanate
|
Marinid Victory
|
| Siege of Tlemcen (1290) [fr] | Kingdom of Tlemcen
|
Marinid Sultanate
|
Zayyanid Victory
|
| Siege of Nedroma (1296) | Kingdom of Tlemcen
|
Marinid Sultanate
|
Zayyanid Victory
|
| Siege of Tlemcen (1299–1307) | Kingdom of Tlemcen
|
Marinid Sultanate
|
Zayyanid Victory
|
| Siege of Oujda (1314) [fr] | Kingdom of Tlemcen
|
Marinid Sultanate
|
Zayyanid Victory
|
| Siege of Béjaïa (1326–1329)
Location: Algeria |
Kingdom of Tlemcen
|
 Hafsid dynasty
|
Zayyanid Partial Victory
|
| Capture of Tunis (1329) Location:Tunis, Tunisia |
Kingdom of Tlemcen
|
Hafsid dynasty
|
Zayyanid Victory
|
| Siege of Béjaïa (1331–1332) [fr] Location: Algeria |
Kingdom of Tlemcen
|
Hafsid dynasty
|
Hafsid-Marinid Victory
|
| Siege of Tlemcen (1335–1337) | Kingdom of Tlemcen
|
Marinid Sultanate
|
Marinid Victory
|
| Capture of Tlemcen (1352) [fr] | Kingdom of Tlemcen
|
Marinid Sultanate
|
Marinid Decisive Victory
|
| Battle of Kairouan (1348) [fr] (April 1348) | Kingdom of Tlemcen
|
Marinid Sultanate
|
Zayyanid-Hafsid Victory
|
| Siege of Oran (1348) [fr] (October 1348) | Kingdom of Tlemcen
|
Marinid Sultanate
|
Inconclusive
|
| Siege of Oran (1349) [fr] (27 July– August 1349) | Kingdom of Tlemcen
|
Marinid Sultanate
|
Zayyanid Victory
|
| Battle of Oujda (1359) [fr] | Kingdom of Tlemcen
|
Marinid Sultanate
|
Zayyanid Victory |
| Campagne of Tlemcen (1360) [fr] | Kingdom of Tlemcen
|
Marinid Sultanate
|
Zayyanid Victory
|
| Siege of Oran (1360–1361) [fr] (1360–1361) | Kingdom of Tlemcen
|
Marinid Sultanate
|
Zayyanid Victory
|
| Capture of Tlemcen (1370) [fr] | Kingdom of Tlemcen
|
Marinid Sultanate
|
Marinid Decisive Victory
|
| Capture of Tlemcen (1383) [fr] | Kingdom of Tlemcen
|
Marinid Sultanate
|
Marinid Victory
|
| Capture of Tlemcen (1389) [fr] | Kingdom of Tlemcen
|
Marinid Sultanate
|
Marinid Victory
|
Barbary Crusade (July 1 – October 1, 1390)
Location: Mahdia, Tunisia |
Kingdom of Tlemcen
|
 Kingdom of France
|
Zayyanid-Hafsid Victory |
| Capture of Tlemcen (1393) [fr] | Kingdom of Tlemcen
|
Marinid Sultanate
|
Marinid Victory
|
| Zayyanid conquest of Fez (1423) | Kingdom of Tlemcen
|
Marinid Sultanate
|
Zayyanid victory
|
| Attack on Mers-el-Kébir (1497) [fr]
Location: Mers-el-Kébir, Algeria |
Kingdom of Tlemcen
|
 Spanish Empire
|
Zayyanid Victory
|
| Battle of Mers-el-Kébir (1501)
|
Kingdom of Tlemcen
|
 Portuguese Empire
|
Zayyanid Victory
|
| Capture of Mers-el-Kébir (1505)
|
Kingdom of Tlemcen
|
Spanish Empire
|
Spanish Victory
|
| Battle of Mers-el-Kébir (1507)
|
Kingdom of Tlemcen
|
 Spanish Empire
|
Zayyanid Victory |
| Spanish conquest of Oran (1509)
Location: Oran, Algeria  |
Kingdom of Tlemcen
|
Spanish Empire
|
Spanish victory
|
| Spanish expedition to Tlemcen (1535) (June – July 1535) | Kingdom of Tlemcen
|
Spanish Empire
|
Zayyanid Victory
|
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Regency of Algiers (1515-1830)
| Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result for Algeria and its Allies |
|---|---|---|---|
| Algiers Expedition (1516) (1516) Location:Algiers |
 Barbarossa Kingdom of Kuku
|
Spanish Empire
|
Algerian victory
|
| Algiers Expedition (1519) (1516) Location:Algiers |
 Beylerbeylik of Algiers
|
Spanish Empire
|
Algerian victory
|
| Fall of Tlemcen (1519) Location:Tlemcen, Algeria |
Beylerbeylik of Algiers
|
Spanish Empire
|
Spanish victory |
| Capture of Peñón of Algiers (1529) (1529) Part of the Algero-Spanish Wars, and the establishment of the Regency of Algiers Location:Algiers  |
Beylerbeylik of Algiers
|
Spanish Empire
|
Beylerbeylikal victory
|
| Campaign of Cherchell (1531) (1531) Location:Cherchell |
Beylerbeylik of Algiers
|
 Empire of Charles V:
|
Algerian victory |
| Ottoman–Venetian War (1537–1540) Part of the Ottoman–Venetian wars Part of the Algero-Spanish Wars Location: Mediterranean Sea .jpg) |
Beylerbeylik of Algiers
|
 Holy League: Republic of Venice Spanish Empire
|
Ottoman victory
|
| Algiers expedition (1541) Part of the Ottoman–Habsburg wars Part of the Algero-Spanish Wars Location: Algiers  |
Beylerbeylik of Algiers
|
Holy Roman Empire
|
Algerine victory
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| Italian War of 1542–1546 (1542–1546) Part of the Anglo-French Wars & Italian Wars Part of the Algero-Spanish War Location: Western Europe  |
 Kingdom of France Ottoman Empire
|
Holy Roman Empire
|
Inconclusive |
| Expedition to Mostaganem (1543) (1543) Location:Mostaganem |
Beylerbeylik of Algiers
|
Spanish Empire
|
Algerian victory
|
| Expedition to Mostaganem (1547) (1547) Location:Mostaganem |
Beylerbeylik of Algiers
|
Spanish Empire
|
Algerian victory
|
| Campaign of Tlemcen (1551) (1551) Part of the Algero-Spanish Wars Location: Tlemcen  |
Beylerbeylik of Algiers Kingdom of Ait Abbas |
Spanish Empire Saadi sultanate
|
Algerian victory
|
| Campaign of Tlemcen (1552) (1552) Location: Tlemcen |
Beylerbeylik of Algiers
|
Saadi sultanate
|
Algerian victory The Moulouya river imposed as the border[3] |
| Capture of Fez (1554) (1554) Location: Fez, Morocco |
Beylerbeylik of Algiers Kingdom of Kuku
|
Saadi sultanate
|
Algerian victory |
| Campaign of Tlemcen (1557) (1557) Location: Tlemcen |
Beylerbeylik of Algiers
|
Saadi sultanate
|
Algerian victory |
| Expedition to Mostaganem (1558) (1558) Location:Mostaganem |
Beylerbeylik of Algiers
|
Spanish Empire
|
Algerian victory |
| Campaign of Tlemcen (1560) (1560) Location: Tlemcen |
Beylerbeylik of Algiers
|
Saadi sultanate
|
Algerian victory[4][5] |
| Rebellion of the Alpujarras (1568–1571) Part of the Algero-Spanish War Location: Spain  |
Muslims of Granada Beylerbeylik of Algiers
|
Spanish Empire
|
Spanish victory
|
| Franco-Algerian war (1609–1628) | Beylerbeylik of Algiers
|
Kingdom of France
|
Algerian victory |
| Tunisian–Algerian War (1628) Part of the Tunisian–Algerian Wars Location: Algeria, Tunisia |
Pashalik of Algiers
|
 Beylik of Tunis
|
Algerian victory
|
| Cretan War (1645–1669) Part of:Ottoman–Venetian wars Location: Candia, Crete, Dalmatia and Aegean Sea |
 Ottoman Empire
|
Ottoman victory | |
| Djidjelli expedition (1664) Location: Jijel  |
Pashalik of Algiers Kingdom of Ait Abbas Kingdom of Kuku
|
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|
Algerian victory
|
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Deylikal period (1671-1830)
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French Algeria (1830–1962)
| Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result for Algeria and its Allies |
|---|---|---|---|
| French conquest of Algeria (1830–1903) Part of the Algeria-European War Location: Algeria  |
Regency of Algiers
|
 Kingdom of France (1830–1848) French Second Republic (1848–1852) Second French Empire (1852–1870) French Third Republic (1870 onward)
Support: |
French victory
 |
| Algerian War (1954–1962) Part of the Algeria-European War Location: Algeria  |
 FLN
|
 France
|
Algerian independence
~1,500,000 total deaths (FLN estimate)
|
People's Democratic Republic of Algeria (1962-present)
| Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result for Algeria and its Allies |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sand War (1963–1964) Part of the Algeria-European War Location: Algeria  |
 Algeria Egypt[26] Cuba[27]
|
 MoroccoSupport: France[28]
|
Inconclusive
|
| Yom Kippur War
(1973) |
United Arab Republic
Supported by: |
 Israel
Supported by: |
Israeli military victory
|
| Western Sahara War (1975–1976) Location: Western Sahara  |
 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Algeria
|
Morocco Mauritania
|
Inconclusive
|
| Algerian Civil War (1991–2002) Location: Algeria  |
Algeria
|
 FIS loyalists
Support: GIA (from 1993) Supported by: |
Government victory
|
| Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present) (2002–present) Location: Maghreb, Sahara, Sahel  |
Algeria Mauritania Tunisia Libya Mali Niger[51] Chad[52] France[52][53][54] Morocco[55]
|
 GSPC (until 2007) AQIM (from 2007) Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin (from 2017) MOJWA (2011–13) Al-Mourabitoun (2013–17) Ansar Dine (2012–17) Ansar al-Sharia (Tunisia) (from 2011)[56] Uqba ibn Nafi Brigade (from 2012)[57].svg){kind=small} Ansar al-Sharia (Libya) (2012–17) Salafia Jihadia[55] Boko Haram (from 2006, partially aligned with ISIL since 2015)[58][59]
|
Ongoing
|
| ISIL insurgency in Tunisia (2015–2022) Location: Tunisia |
Tunisia Algeria
|
Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL)
|
Government victory
|
See also
- Foreign relations of Algeria
- History of Algeria
- Politics of Algeria
- Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)
Notes
References
- ^ Bogumil Hrabak (September 1986). "Turske provale i osvajanja na području današnje severne Dalmacije do sredine XVI. stoleća". Journal – Institute of Croatian History (in Serbian). 19 (1). University of Zagreb, Faculty of Philosophy, Zagreb. ISSN 0353-295X. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
- ^ Raukar, Tomislav (November 1977). "Venecija i ekonomski razvoj Dalmacije u XV i XVI stoljeću". Journal – Institute of Croatian History (in Croatian). 10 (1). Zagreb, Croatia: Faculty of Philosophy, Zagreb: 218–221. ISSN 0353-295X. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
- ^ Recherches sur l'Algérie à l'époque ottomane: La course, mythes et réalités Lemnouar Merouche Bouchene,
- ^ The Last Crusaders: East, West and the Battle for the Centre of the World. Barnaby Rogerson. Hachette UK.
- ^ History of Islam: Classical period, 1206-1900 C.E. Masudul Hasan. Adam Publishers & Distributors.
- ^ "Estats et royaumes de Fez et Maroc, Dahra et Segelmesse tirés de Sanuto, de Marmol etc. / Par N. Sanson". 1655.
- ^ Galibert, Léon (1844). L'Algérie: ancienne et moderne depuis les premiers éstablissements des Carthaginois jusqu'à la prise de la Smalah d'Abd-el-Kader (in French). Furne.
- ^ Present-day Morocco - Osmund Hornby WarneAllen & Unwin, 1937 - Morocco - Pg 237
- ^ Bulletin économique et social du Maroc, Volume 21, Issues 73-76 Société d'études économiques, sociales, et statistiques, 1957 - Morocco - Pg 74
- ^ Plantet, Eugène (1893). "Correspondance des Beys de Tunis et des consuls de France avec la Cour: 1577-1830".
- ^ "Les Deys 2". exode1962.fr. Retrieved 2021-05-10
- ^ Windrow, Martin; Chappell, Mike (1997). The Algerian War 1954–62. Osprey Publishing. p. 11. ISBN 978-1-85532-658-3.
- ^ Introduction to Comparative Politics, by Mark Kesselman, Joel Krieger, William Joseph, page 108
- ^ Alexander Cooley, Hendrik Spruyt. Contracting States: Sovereign Transfers in International Relations. Page 63.
- ^ George Bernard Noble. Christian A. Herter: The American Secretaries of State and Their Diplomacy. Page 155.
- ^ Robert J. C. Young (12 October 2016). Postcolonialism: An Historical Introduction. Wiley. p. 300. ISBN 978-1-118-89685-3.
the French lost their Algerian empire in military and political defeat by the FLN, just as they lost their empire in China in defeat by Giap and Ho Chi Minh.
- ^ R. Aldrich (10 December 2004). Vestiges of Colonial Empire in France. Palgrave Macmillan UK. p. 156. ISBN 978-0-230-00552-5.
For the [French] nation as a whole, commemoration of the Franco-Algerian War is complicated since it ended in defeat (politically, if not strictly militarily) rather than victory.
- ^ Alec G. Hargreaves (2005). Memory, Empire, and Postcolonialism: Legacies of French Colonialism. Lexington Books. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-7391-0821-5.
The death knell of the French empire was sounded by the bitterly fought Algerian war of independence, which ended in 1962.
- ^ "The French defeat in the war effectively signaled the end of the French Empire". Jo McCormack (2010). Collective Memory: France and the Algerian War (1954–1962).
- ^ Paul Allatson; Jo McCormack (2008). Exile Cultures, Misplaced Identities. Rodopi. p. 117. ISBN 978-90-420-2406-9.
The Algerian War came to an end in 1962, and with it closed some 130 years of French colonial presence in Algeria (and North Africa). With this outcome, the French Empire, celebrated in pomp in Paris in the Exposition coloniale of 1931 ... received its decisive death blow.
- ^ Yves Beigbeder (2006). Judging War Crimes And Torture: French Justice And International Criminal Tribunals And Commissions (1940–2005). Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 35. ISBN 978-90-04-15329-5.
The independence of Algeria in 1962, after a long and bitter war, marked the end of the French Empire.
- ^ France's Colonial Legacies: Memory, Identity and Narrative. University of Wales Press. 15 October 2013. p. 111. ISBN 978-1-78316-585-8.
The difficult relationship which France has with the period of history dominated by the Algerian war has been well documented. The reluctance, which ended only in 1999, to acknowledge 'les évenements' as a war, the shame over the fate of the harki detachments, the amnesty covering many of the deeds committed during the war and the humiliation of a colonial defeat which marked the end of the French empire are just some of the reasons why France has preferred to look towards a Eurocentric future, rather than confront the painful aspects of its colonial past.
- ^ Horne, Alistair (1978). A Savage War of Peace: Algeria 1954–1962. New York Review of Books. p. 358. ISBN 978-1-59017-218-6.
- ^ Cutts, M.; Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (2000). The State of the World's Refugees, 2000: Fifty Years of Humanitarian Action. Oxford University Press. p. 38. ISBN 978-0-19-924104-0. Retrieved 2017-01-13. Referring to Evans, Martin. 2012. Algeria: France's Undeclared War. New York: Oxford University Press.
- ^ Hobson, Faure L. (2009). "The Migration of Jews from Algeria to France: An Opportunity for French Jews to Recover Their Independence in the Face of American Judaism in Postwar France?". Archives Juives. 42 (2): 67–81. doi:10.3917/aj.422.0067.
- ^ Ottaway, David (1970), Algeria: The Politics of a Socialist Revolution, Berkeley, California: University of California Press, p. 166, ISBN 9780520016552
- ^ Brian Latell (24 April 2012). Castro's Secrets: Cuban Intelligence, The CIA, and the Assassination of John F. Kennedy. St. Martin's Press. p. 164. ISBN 978-1-137-00001-9.
In this instance, unlike several others, the Cubans did no fighting;; Algeria concluded an armistice with the Moroccan king.
- ^ Nicole Grimaud (1 January 1984). La politique extérieure de l'Algérie (1962-1978). KARTHALA Editions. p. 198. ISBN 978-2-86537-111-2.
L'armée française était en 1963 présente en Algérie et au Maroc. Le gouvernement français, officiellement neutre, comme le rappelle le Conseil des ministres du 25 octobre 1963, n'a pas pu empêcher que la coopération très étroite entre l'armée française et l'armée marocaine n'ait eu quelques répercussions sur le terrain. == The French Army was in 1963 present in Algeria and Morocco. The French government, officially neutral, as recalled by the Council of Ministers on October 25, 1963, could not prevent the very close cooperation between the French army and the Moroccan army from having some repercussions on the ground.
- ^ Anouar Boukhars; Jacques Roussellier (18 December 2013). Perspectives on Western Sahara: Myths, Nationalisms, and Geopolitics. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 77. ISBN 978-1-4422-2686-9.
- ^ Véronique Dudouet (15 September 2014). Civil Resistance and Conflict Transformation: Transitions from armed to nonviolent struggle. Routledge. p. 20. ISBN 978-1-317-69778-7.
- ^ Ho-Won Jeong (4 December 2009). Conflict Management and Resolution: An Introduction. Routledge. p. 19. ISBN 978-1-135-26511-3.
- ^ Paul Collier; Nicholas Sambanis (2005). Understanding Civil War: Africa. World Bank Publications. p. 235. ISBN 978-0-8213-6047-7.
- ^ a b Rex Brynen; Bahgat Korany; Paul Noble (1995). Political Liberalization and Democratization in the Arab World. Vol. 1. Lynne Rienner Publishers. p. 289. ISBN 978-1-55587-579-4.
- ^ a b c d e Sidaoui, Riadh (2009). "Islamic Politics and the Military: Algeria 1962–2008". In Jan-Erik Lane; Hamadi Redissi; Riyāḍ Ṣaydāwī (eds.). Religion and Politics: Islam and Muslim Civilization. Ashgate. pp. 241–243. ISBN 978-0-7546-7418-4.
- ^ a b c d e Karl DeRouen, Jr.; Uk Heo (2007). Civil Wars of the World: Major Conflicts Since World War II. ABC-CLIO. pp. 115–117. ISBN 978-1-85109-919-1.
- ^ Arms trade in practice, Hrw.org, October 2000
- ^ Торговля оружием и будущее Белоруссии
- ^ Yahia H. Zoubir; Haizam Amirah-Fernández (2008). North Africa: Politics, Region, and the Limits of Transformation. Routledge. p. 184. ISBN 978-1-134-08740-2.
- ^ "Statement of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the National Community abroad". UN Algeria. 16 July 2021. Retrieved 2021-07-20.
- ^ Atkins, Stephen E. (2004). Encyclopedia of Modern Worldwide Extremists and Extremist Groups. Greenwood. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-313-32485-7.
- ^ a b Mannes, Aaron (2004). Profiles in Terror: The Guide to Middle East Terrorist Organizations. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-7425-3525-1.
- ^ a b Cordesman, Anthony H. (2002). A Tragedy of Arms: Military and Security Developments in the Maghreb. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 126. ISBN 978-0-275-96936-3.
- ^ a b Brosché, Johan; Höglund, Kristine (2015). "The diversity of peace and war in Africa". Armaments, Disarmament and International Security. Oxford University Press. p. 116. ISBN 978-0-19-873781-0.
- ^ Lyubov Grigorova Mincheva; Lyubov Grigorova; Ted Robert Gurr (2013). Crime-terror Alliances and the State: Ethnonationalist and Islamist Challenges to Regional Security. Routledge. p. 96. ISBN 978-0-415-50648-9.
- ^ Kepel, Gilles (2006). Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam. I.B.Tauris. pp. 263–273. ISBN 978-1-84511-257-8.
- ^ Siegel, Pascale Combelles (7 November 2008). "Coalition Attack Brings an End to the Career of al-Qaeda in Iraq's Second-in-Command". Terrorism Monitor. Vol. 6, no. 21.
- ^ Petersson, Claes (13 July 2005). "Terrorbas i Sverige". Aftonbladet (in Swedish).
- ^ Tabarani, Gabriel G. (2011). Jihad's New Heartlands: Why The West Has Failed To Contain Islamic Fundamentalism. AuthorHouse. p. 329. ISBN 978-1-4678-9180-6.
- ^ Harmon, Stephen A. (2014). Terror and Insurgency in the Sahara-Sahel Region: Corruption, Contraband, Jihad and the Mali War of 2012–2013. Ashgate. p. 54. ISBN 978-1-4094-5475-5.
- ^ "A hostage crisis haunted by the ghosts of Algeria's bloody past". The Washington Post.
- ^ "Niger army hunts for Al-Qaeda after clash". AFP. 15 June 2011. Archived from the original on June 16, 2011.
- ^ a b "Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM)". Council on Foreign Relations. Archived from the original on 11 May 2015. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
- ^ "4600 soldats français mobilisés". Ledauphine.com. 2013-01-31. Retrieved 2013-11-22.
- ^ "François Hollande's African adventures: The French are reorganising security in an increasingly troubled region". Economist.
- ^ a b "Tipping point of terror". The Guardian. 4 April 2004.
- ^ "Exporting Jihad". The New Yorker. 28 March 2016.
- ^ Aaron Y. Zelin; Andrew Lebovich; Daveed Gartenstein-Ross (July 23, 2013). "Al-Qa'ida in the Islamic Maghreb's Tunisia Strategy". Combating Terrorism Center.
- ^ "ISIS, Al Qaeda In Africa: US Commander Warns Of Collaboration Between AQIM And Islamic State Group". International Business Times. 12 February 2016.
- ^ "Niger attacked by both al-Qaeda and Boko Haram". BBC News. 2016-03-18. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
- ^ "Tunesia, 18 March 2018". Global Terrorism Database. 18 March 2015. Archived from the original on 21 August 2018. Retrieved 21 August 2018.
- ^ "As fighters return, Tunisia faces growing challenge". Reuters. 24 May 2016. Archived from the original on 20 August 2018. Retrieved 20 August 2018.
- ^ "A Challenge from Insurgency to the Nation–State". Australian Army Research Centre. 12 May 2022.