Draft:QC Terme
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- Comment: The majority of the draft is promotional, and should either be Rejected or Speedy deleted. If anything can be salvaged, it calls for the deletion of all the descriptions of the individual sites and the table of wellness services. David notMD (talk) 03:40, 30 December 2024 (UTC)
- Comment: There are whole paragraphs here that are unsourced. They either need to be cited by a reliable source, or removed from the draft. -- NotCharizard 🗨 13:59, 29 December 2024 (UTC)
- Comment: Reviewers, please see the talk page for context. DoubleGrazing (talk) 16:35, 2 December 2024 (UTC)
Company type | Privately held company |
---|---|
Founded | 1982 |
Founder | Saverio and Andrea Quadrio Curzio |
Headquarters | Milan , Italy |
Number of locations | 12 Thermal centers 5 Wellness hotels |
Area served | Italy, France and USA |
Services | Wellness, Accommodation, Gastronomic |
Revenue | € 110.930.635,00 (2023) |
Number of employees | 850 (2024) |
Website | https://www.qcterme.com/en |
QC Terme is an Italian company involved in the wellness sector,primarly providing thermal baths and spa services.[1]
It was founded in 1982 and operates a network of wellness establishments that follow the tradition of Roman thermal baths and contemporary spa practices.[1]
The company operates 12 thermal centers, 5 wellness hotels, and 2 smart hotels in various locations across Italy, including Milan, Bormio, and Rome. It also has international sites in Chamonix (France) and New York City (USA).[2]
QC Terme’s facilities include hydrotherapy, which uses water for therapeutic purposes, pools, saunas, steam rooms designed for relaxation and cleansing, relaxation areas, and thermal circuits, which involve a series of stations aimed at improving circulation and promoting relaxation.[1]
History
[edit]Early History
[edit]In 1982, Pericle Quadrio Curzio, originally from Tirana and father of six, purchased and undertook the restoration of a group of historic buildings in Bormio (Lombardy), collectively known as "Bagni Vecchi" (Old Baths) and "Bagni Nuovi" (New Baths).[1]
The Bagni Vecchi complex included ancient thermal baths that traced their origins to Roman times, featuring structures such as a sweat cave that had been historically used for therapeutic purposes. These baths were integral to the region’s tradition of hydrotherapy.[1]
The Bagni Nuovi site, located nearby, consisted of early 20th-century Art Nouveau-style buildings, including hotels and reception facilities.[1]
Under Saverio and Andrea Quadrio Curzio
[edit]When Pericle died in 1985, his sons Saverio and Andrea took over the management of Bormio’s thermal baths, focusing on their transformation with an emphasis on wellness.[1]
At the time, only the Bagni Vecchi were operating intermittently with six employees, offering aerosol treatments and hydrotherapy. The facilities were in poor condition and burdened by high property taxes. During those years, the family construction business also faced difficulties.[3]
Over the years, the Quadrio Curzio brothers redeveloped the Bormio thermal spas, starting with the Bagni Vecchi and Nuovi in Bormio. Renovation of the Bagni Vecchi began in 1998, when Saverio, along with the company, built an outdoor pool overlooking the valley for use by winter ski tourists. This was followed by the addition of an hydromassage area and pools featuring a green serpentine stone. In 2003 the Bagni Nuovi was re-opened as a spa.[1] In 2005, they opened a new spa in Pré Saint Didier in the Aosta Valley region of north-western Italy, and later added a 4-star hotel in 2013. Expansion continued with the opening of a spa in Milan in 2007, a spa in Turin's Palazzo Abegg in 2011, and the Sforza Cesarini estate spa in Rome in 2014.[3]
Over the next three years, the company opened two additional thermal centers and a resort.[4] The company also expanded internationally, opening wellness centers in Chamonix (France) and, in early 2023, in Governors Island, New York (USA).[5]
Rebranding initiatives
[edit]The name "QC Terme" was officially adopted in 2007 under the leadership of Saverio (the current president) and Andrea (CEO) to honor their family name, Quadrio Curzio.[1]
In 2023, the company undertook a brand revision aimed at focusing on international markets, including North America, France, the UK, and Switzerland.[6] The rebranding was also intended to better target the lifestyle and fashion interests of younger clientele.[7]
The new logo "QC Spa of Wonders" features a "wonder ray"- an arc made up of interwoven black and orange rays.[7]
Finances
[edit]In 2016, the company achieved revenue of 58 million euros, with an average annual growth rate of 20% over the previous five years.[8]
In 2017, the newly formed Giuturna Investments acquired a 47% stake in the QC Terme chain of hotels and wellness centers, investing a total of 54 million euros. This investment included several strategic initiatives, one of which was a potential stock market listing. The deal was managed by Ronald P. Spogli, former U.S. Ambassador to Italy, through his White Bridge fund. As part of the deal, Spogli joined the board of directors of QC Terme, alongside Matteo Benetton, the eldest son of Luciano Benetton. Out of the 54 million euros invested, 20 million went to the Quadrio Curzio brothers, the founders of QC Terme, while the remaining 34 million were directed to the company to fund its growth strategies.[8]
By 2019, the company's revenues had grown to 90 million euros, but in 2020 , due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, revenues fell to 39 million euros. At that time, QC Terme operated 12 wellness centers, six of which included hotel accommodations, contributing around 28% to the total revenue, a slight increase compared to 2019. In 2021, the company reported a revenue of 54 million euros, marking a 48% growth compared to 2020.[9]
In 2022 Francesco Mandelli was appointed as the director of the finance department at QC Terme spas and wellness hotels.[10]
In 2022, QC Terme recorded consolidated revenues of 105.5 million euros and ranked highest in revenues among thermal companies and private hospitality groups offering thermal water and spa services.[11]
The latest financial report was recorded in 2023 with a turnover of 147.3 million euros.[11]
Wellness Hotels and Spa Centers
[edit]QC Terme Bagni Vecchi
[edit]The QC Terme Bagni Vecchi Wellness Center is located in Bormio (Valtellina - Lombardy) in the Stelvio National Park. It was developed within the historic thermal baths of Bagni Vecchi and inaugurated in 2011. An hotel was added in 2012.[12]
The Bagni Vecchi hot springs are the oldest thermal baths in the region. The remains of Roman structures are still visible today, serving as a testament to the healing waters of Bormio. In the Middle Ages, the Bagni Vecchi resort was known as "Bagni di Castello", and in Roman times, it was referred to as "Ospitium Balneorum". The nearby St. Martin’s Church, that was built during medieval times, was dedicated to the ‘God of Hot Waters’ and it is said to have been constructed on the site of a pagan temple dedicated to Bormo.[13] Located at the foot of the Stelvio Valley, the Bagni Vecchi also served as a refuge for travelers heading toward the Stelvio Pass. The medieval architecture of the complex is still largely intact today, with only minor changes made between the 19th and 20th centuries, allowing the Bagni Vecchi to preserve its original structure. Inside the complex, there is a natural steam cave with 10-meter-long tunnel leading to a hot spring. This tunnel was created during the construction of the road to the Stelvio Pass. During the construction, the spring of St. Martin was lost, prompting further excavation efforts. The cave was eventually found to have a sauna-like effect, a feature that has been preserved ever since.[13]
The healing properties of Bormio's thermal waters have been recognized since ancient times and continue to provide therapeutic benefits thanks to the springs that flow from the Rhaetian Alps. Nine springs are located at the foot of these mountains, with water temperatures ranging from 38° to 41°, reaching higher temperatures in winter and spring and lower during the summer. All the sources are situated near a significant regional tectonic fault, the Zebrù fracture, which marks the boundary between crystalline rocks and the sedimentary layers. Four of the springs (Cinglaccia, Nibelunghi, Ostrogoti, and Pliniana) are located between 1280 and 1340 meters, while the other five (S. Martino, Arciduchessa, Zampillo dei bambini, Cassiodora, and S. Carlo) are located between 1370 and 1421 meters. The area around the springs features mineral deposits known for their high radioactivity, which imports distinctive properties to the waters. Since ancient times, the inhabitants of Bormio have benefited from the properties of these waters.The Romans already recognized the therapeutic benefits of these springs: Pliny the Elder mentioned them in the 1st century in his Natural History, while Cassiodorus, at the beginning of the 6th century, recommended the thermal waters of Bormio for their healing properties. In 1612, the waters were recognized for their effectiveness in treating conditions such as sciatica, arthritic pain, gout, and catarrh, and they were also said to help with apoplexy, tumors, hardening and joint pain.[14]
The thermal facilities of Bormio Terme are fed by the Cinglaccia spring, located near the Adda river's left bank. These waters are used for treating respiratory diseases (such as rhinitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, tracheitis, and bronchitis), rheumatic diseases and uric acid disorders. Cinglaccia's waters are also used for treating certain skin diseases, such as wounds that may cause acne, eczema and psoriasis. Historically, they have also been used to treat gynecological disorders, including vaginitis, adnexitis, cervical ulcers, metritis and ovaritis.[14]
QC Terme Bagni Nuovi
[edit]The QC Terme Bagni Nuovi Wellness Center, located in Bormio (Valtellina - Lombardy), has been developed within the historic thermal baths of Bagni Nuovi and inaugurated in 2013.[15] It is based on an older resort called Grand Hotel Bagni Nuovi that in the past served as a stopover for travelers passing through the Stelvio Pass.[5]
The historical baths of Bagni Nuovi were designed by engineer Giovanni Donegani in 1830. The construction began in 1832 and was completed with the opening of Bagni Nuovi in 1836.[15]
The original structure featured a ground floor connected to an adjacent building used as a thermal complex. The pools were arranged along a corridor, with each room containing a small pool in the classical Roman style, accessible by a series of steps. In the late 19th century, Swiss architects Chidera and Tschudy designed the ball salon. During this period, Bagni Nuovi became a popular destination, attracting many visitors from across Europe for health treatments.[15]
The prosperity of Bagni Nuovi was interrupted between the two World Wars. During WWII, the building was used as quarters for soldiers stationed along the Stelvio front. It was also during this time that King Vittorio Emanuele III visited to inspect the troops. After the war, business resumed, and the complex was expanded with a new two-story building to accommodate additional health treatments.[15]
QC Terme Dolomiti
[edit]The QC Terme Dolomiti wellness centre, opened in 2016, is located in Pozza di Fassa (Trento, Fassa Valley - Trentino). It spans approximately 13,000 square meters, with a covered area of 4,000 square meters.[16]
It is the first center of the group not developed from an existing structure. The design of the wellness center, which is 70% underground, allows for a green roof to be creaated in the spring, featuring plants, flowers, and shrubs that minimize the impact on the landscape. The project was conceived with a focus on sustainable architecture, aimed for LEED certification (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design), which recognizes excellence in energy efficiency and environmentally responsible design. The design and construction were by Quadratec Srl, the company responsible for building all of the brand’s centers.[17]
The thermal waters at QC Terme Dolomiti come form the Alloch spring, located above the town of Pozza di Fassa. This spring, known for its sulfurous waters, emerges at a constant temperature of 9.5°C and it is the only source of sulfurous waters in the Trentino-Alto Adige region.[16]
The water is classified as sulfurous calcium-magnesium-fluoride and flows from the sedimentary rocks of the Monzoni group at an altitude of 1320 meters. Renowned since Roman times (hence the name "Antico Bagno") for its therapeutic properties, the water is rich in calcium, magnesium, fluoride, low in sodium and high in mineral salts. It is used for various treatments in the wellness center's spa path.[18]
QC Terme Garda
[edit]The QC Terme Garda wellness centre, inaugurated in mid-December 2022, is situated in Calvagese della Riviera, on Lake Garda, inside Palazzo Arzaga.[19]
Palazzo Arzaga is an ancient Renaissance residence dating back to the 15th century, a period during which the property was owned by Francesco Roveglio. For nearly two centuries, the Roveglio family maintained ownership of the property, during which time it was extensively renovated by Francesco's sons. In 1813, the property was sold to the Forti family due to financial troubles, but the property was left vacant for nearly 40 years. In 1963, Baron Lanni della Quara acquired it and transformed it into a hotel and gold field. The family still owns the estate today, although they now reside in the Castle of Drugolo, also known as Averoldi Castle, an historic fortress dating back to the 10th century, located in Drugolo, an ancient village to the north of Lonato del Garda, in the province of Brescia.[20]
It includes a golf resort called Grand Hotel Villa Arzaga, managed by the QC Terme Garda.[21]
QC Terme Milano
[edit]The QC Terme Milano wellness and spa center is located in Porta Romana, a neighborhood of the city of Milan. Covering over 3,000 square meters, the facility is housed within the historic remains of Spanish walls, which date back to the 16th century, and is characterized by a Liberty-style architecture.[22]
Milan has a long spa tradition dating back to Roman times, beginning with the construction of the "Terme Erculee" built by Emperor Maximian in the 3rd century. The tradition of Roman imperial baths was introduced by emperors Caracalla, Diocletian, and Trajan, who utilized water drawn from underground aquifers, heating it to a temperature of 36°C, thereby enhancing its therapeutic effects on the body. These baths were located near Piazza San Babila, an area abundant with water from a fountain that flowed along Viale Monza. Recent geological studies have suggested that Milan's underground thermo-mineral waters could represent a valuable economic resource, opening the door to the development of new spas in the city.[23]
The Spanish Walls were constructed during the period of Spanish rule over the Duchy of Milan to protect the city. Constructed between 1548 and 1562, they replaced the outdated medieval fortifications. In the 18th century, the walls were repurposed into picturesque, tree-lined walkways for pedestrian. By the late 19th century, much of the structure was demolished as part of Milan's early urban planning efforts.[24]
QC Terme is housed in the Porta Romana Funeral Station, which was inaugurated in 1908 for the transport of bodies to the city cemeteries and built to meet the growing demand from the southern neighborhoods of Milan.[23]
QC Terme Pré Saint Didier and QC TermeMonteBianco
[edit]QC Terme Pré Saint Didier and QC Terme MonteBianco (Pallesieux) are twin structures located within the municipality of Pré-Saint-Didier, in the province of Aosta.[25]
QC Terme Pré Saint Didier is housed in a 19th-century building and it was inaugurated in 2005. [25] QC Terme MonteBianco was established in 2014. [25]
Both resorts include a hotel, called Mountain Resort Monte Bianco.[26]
The thermal waters of the Pré-Saint-Didier emerge from the source at a steady temperature of 37°C. These waters are saline, slightly acidic, and contain arsenic, iron, and other minerals, with moderate radioactivity. The water is rich in arsenic compounds, silicic acid, iron oxide, and calcium carbonate.[27]
The thermal springs of Pré-Saint-Didier have been known since Roman times, when the town was called Araebrigium.[27] However, it wasn't until the mid-17th century that the springs began to be used for therapeutic purposes. In the mid-18th century, local authorities and the Conseil des Commis took control of the springs, and in 1750, the first thermal facility was built. [28]
The spa reached its peak in the 19th century, becoming a popular destination for elite tourists, including the Italian royal family, who often vacationed there.[29]
The historic thermal center was established in 1834, at which time the town was renamed Pré-Saint-Didier-les-Bains, while the 18th-century baths were allocated to the poorer segment of the population. [28] In 1888, a building housing the casino was constructed, and this structure is now part of the modern thermal complex.
For more than 150 years, the spa was a favored destination for the Savoy royal family. In the 20th century, after being closed for about 30 years, the facility underwent renovations, and its reopening provided a significant boost to both local tourism and the economy.[28]
QC Terme Roma
[edit]QC Terme Roma is located on Via Portuense, in Rome, and it is housed in a historic property belonging to Duke Ascanio Sforza Cesarini, a descendant of the Torlonia family.[30]
Roman thermal baths, dating back to Greek antiquity (around 2000 BC), were public bathing complexes that later evolved under Roman influence starting around 30 BC. These baths, with their distinctive architectural design, typically included three main rooms: a tepidarium (warm room), a caldarium (hot room), and a frigidarium (cold room), each serving a specific function in the bathing process.[31]The primary objective was to use water to regenerate body and mind, following the motto salus per aquam, which means "wellbeing through water".[30]
The Romans also enhanced the aesthetic appeal of these spaces, with mosaics, frescoes, and statues. Thermal baths were a kind of community center, spread throughout cities in different sizes and programmatic configurations, fulfilling the role of a meeting point between people, in the manner of a modern square, museum, or club.[31]
It includes a hotel located in Fiumicino.[32]
QC Terme San Pellegrino
[edit]QC Terme San Pellegrino is a wellness center established in 2014 and located 25km from Bergamo in San Pellegrino Terme. It is housed within the Municipal Casino, which was inaugurated in July 1907 and revived in collaboration with the Percassi family.[33][34]
The building was designed by architect Romolo Squadrelli and engineer Luigi Mazocchi and it is characterized by Art Nouveau style.[34]
Construction took place between 1904 and 1906, and the casino opened in 1907. However, its operation was short-lived, as it was closed in 1917 due to the implementation of the Orlando Law. It briefly reopened but was shut down again in 1924 by the order of Mussolini. After World War II, in 1946, the casino resumed activities through an agreement with the Allied forces, but it faced management challenges and closed again. By the 1950s and 1960s, the casino, like the nearby theater, fell into neglect.[34]
From 2010 to 2014, the Municipal Casino underwent an extensive restoration work on both its interior and exterior decorations. In 2018 there were discussions about the reopening of the casino with the support of Parliament, particularly following the closure of the Campione d'Italia casino. Between 2014 and October 2019, the casino hosted guided tours by the OTER association. In October 2019 the building was repurposed as the lobby for the nearby QC Terme San Pellegrino wellness center.[35]
QC Terme Torino
[edit]QC Terme Torino is situated in the Crocetta district of Turin and is housed in a 19th-century building called Palazzo Abegg. This Baroque-style residential building is named after one of its most recent private owners, though it is also referred to as Vigna di Madama Reale.[36]
The building originally began as a modest villa set in the middle of a vineyard owned by the jurist Count Ludovico Thesauro di Meano. In 1622, the property was acquired by Cristina of Bourbon-France, the wife of Vittorio Amedeo I of Savoy. In the late 1640s, Cristina commissioned the Carmelite architect Father Andrea Costaguta to design a new palace. The original villa was demolished, and between 1648 and 1653, the construction of the new palace began, overseen first by Costaguta and later by Amedeo di Castellamonte. The new palace included a central building flanked by two side wings, replacing the vineyard with a park featuring gardens, tree-lined avenues, fishponds, and pergolas. Count Filippo San Martino of Agliè also contributed to the design of the palace's interior decorations.[37]
QC Terme Chamonix
[edit]The QC Terme Chamonix wellness and spa center is located in the French alpine resort of Chamonix-Mont-Blanc.[38]
The idea of opening a center abroad emerged from an initiative by the Municipality of Chamonix-Mont-Blanc, which issued a bid in 2013 to establish a wellness center to boost the town’s year-round tourism offerings. The QC Terme group won the bid, securing the exclusive rights to design, build, and manage the facility under a 28-year concession contract.[38]
QC NY
[edit]QC NY, located on Governors Island in the southern part of Manhattan (USA), is a project developed from a former military complex, parkland and six Victorian-style buildings. [39]
The project was designed by the architectural firm Rogers & Poor and includes three historic army barracks, which were built in the early 1900s in a Collegiate Gothic style. These buildings, once housing officers and used as quarters for officers, have been restored. The spa's design was overseen by New York architect Robert Henry, who managed the restoration and the construction work over a span of seven years.[40]
The QC Terme NY project was developed in collaboration with Perfect Wellness Group, the official Effe distributor for North America, who created two hammams and five saunas. These hammams are high-humidity steam rooms, equipped with technologies that ensure a steam density of 90-100% and temperatures around 40-50°C. Effe also provided the EPS (expanded polystyrene) structures for the hammams and the technology of the steam generators.[41]
Social Projects
[edit]QC Terme has supported a range of social initiatives, particularly in response to the COVID-19 emergency. San Pellegrino Terme assisted the "In Cammino" social cooperative, based in Valle Brembana, in a fundraising campaign to purchase personal protective equipment for the cooperative's staff, who provide home care, medical, and social services to terminally ill patients, those with serious health conditions, or individuals without family support.[42] In Bormio, QC Terme collaborated with the "Insieme per Vincere" association to gather supplies for combating COVID-19 for Morelli Hospital in Sondalo.[42] In Turin, QC Terme collaborated with the Edu Care Cooperative to transform a hostel into a temporary shelter for children and teenagers whose parents were hospitalized. In the Aosta Valley, in Pré-Saint-Didier, the Community Foundation of the Aosta Valley Onlus launched initiatives to support vulnerable people and families affected by the epidemic.[42]
In Milan, QC Terme supported two initiatives: the Right Box project, in collaboration with the "L'Abilità" nonprofit organization, which distributes boxes filled with toys and activities to approximately 200 families with children who have disabilities; and, the Archè Foundation, which helps vulnerable children and families facing issues such as violence, pediatric HIV, and social challenges. Through this project, the foundation provided apartments in “Corte di Quarto” for people in need of isolation and medical staff from Sacco Hospital. The initiative also includes home grocery deliveries and support for families struggling due to job losses.[42]
In Rome, QC Terme is collaborating with "La Misericordia" Association of Fiumicino, which works with vulnerable members of the local community, focusing on elderly and young people. The partnership aims to raise funds for food donations, in order to assist approximately 1,400 individuals living in severe poverty.[42]
QC Terme is supporting the Bambi Association, which aids children in the Fiemme and Fassa Valleys who are facing severe health or family difficulties. Through the "Buoni Spesa" initiative, a project aimed at supporting individuals and families facing food insecurity, especially in times of crisis, the company provides six months of direct assistance to families in the area who are experiencing financial difficulties. These grocery vouchers can be used to purchase essential food and goods at participating stores.[42]
Gallery
[edit]-
Outdoor pool at QC Terme in Milan, with Spanish walls in the background.
-
Interior of QC Terme San Pellegrino.
-
Double Deluxe room in Grand Hotel Villa Arzaga with frescoed walls.
-
Outdoor pool at QC Terme MonteBianco.
-
Outdoor baths at QC Terme Torino with Villa Abegg in the background.
-
Outdoor pool at QC Terme Chamonix.
See also
[edit]- Baths of Caracalla
- Baths of Diocletian
- Baths of Trajan
- Bormio
- Eco-friendly
- Hot spring
- Porta Romana
- Roman Baths
- San Pellegrino Terme
- Sulfur water
- Thermae
- Wellness (alternative medicine)
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i Maddalena, Roberta (2022-11-15). "Ambasciatori di benessere: come la famiglia Quadrio Curzio ha trasformato le terme in un luogo per tutti". Forbes Italia (in Italian). Retrieved 2024-11-05.
- ^ Conti, Emanuela; D’Amario, Rosanna (2023). "The relationship between brands and influencers: an exploratory study in the hospitality industry" (PDF). Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. 21 (2): 78–91.
- ^ a b di Argentine, Chiara Beria (2017-06-10). "Il re dei centri benessere che regala svago e relax". La Stampa (in Italian). Retrieved 2024-11-23.
- ^ Gervasio, Marika (2017-10-19). "White Bridge Investments entra nel capitale di Qc Terme". Il Sole 24 ORE (in Italian). Retrieved 2024-11-13.
- ^ a b Mauri, Giulia (2022-10-18). "Qc Terme batte il 2019. Quest'anno fatturato oltre 90 mln di euro - Hotellerie Pambianconews". hotellerie pambianco news (in Italian). Retrieved 2024-11-15.
- ^ Abbati, Maurizio (2024-06-26). "Come il gruppo Qc vuole raddoppiare la sua presenza entro il 2026, con aperture anche negli Stati Uniti". Forbes Italia (in Italian). Retrieved 2024-11-20.
- ^ a b "Nasce qc spa of Wonders, nuovo capitolo del viaggio di QC Terme - Hotellerie Pambianconews". hotellerie.pambianconews.com (in Italian). 2023-12-04. Retrieved 2024-11-23.
- ^ a b Guolo, Andrea (2018-02-07). "QC Terme, un nuovo socio per entrare in Borsa - Wine Pambianco". wine.pambianconews.com (in Italian). Retrieved 2024-11-28.
- ^ Assumma, Vanna (2022-11-30). "Margini migliori per i più piccoli - Hotellerie Pambianconews". hotellerie.pambianconews.com (in Italian). Retrieved 2024-11-26.
- ^ "QC Terme Overview". PitchBook. Retrieved 2024-11-14.
- ^ a b Assumma, Vanna (2023-12-11). "Ranking wellness Pambianco: QC primo per fatturato, Mioni Pezzato al top per ebitda %".
- ^ "QC Terme | Hotel Bagni Vecchi di Bormio". QCTerme. Retrieved 2024-11-14.
- ^ a b "Bagni Vecchi Bormio Spa - History". www.bormio3.com. Retrieved 2024-11-30.
- ^ a b "La Storia di Bormio Terme". www.bormioterme.it (in Italian). Retrieved 2024-11-22.
- ^ a b c d "Bagni Nuovi Bormio Spa - History". www.bormio3.com. Retrieved 2024-11-30.
- ^ a b Anton (2017-02-03). "Il benessere firmato QC Terme Dolomiti Val di Fassa Pozza di Fassa". Chalet Nata (in Italian). Retrieved 2024-11-08.
- ^ Passi, Gaia (2019-03-28). "Nuovo QC Terme Dolomiti: benessere sostenibile ad alta quota". Architectural Digest Italia (in Italian). Retrieved 2024-11-29.
- ^ "QC Terme Dolomiten |Pozza di Fassa Italy". fassa.com. 2022-06-27. Retrieved 2024-11-22.
- ^ Davini, Oriana (2023-01-03). "Qcterme inaugura una nuova struttura sul Lago di Garda". la Repubblica (in Italian). Retrieved 2024-11-08.
- ^ Pandolfi, Tiziano (2017-09-26). "Palazzo Arzaga, storia della dimora". Informazione - Comunicati Stampa (in Italian). Retrieved 2024-11-22.
- ^ "QC Terme Garda". cascate del mulino (in Italian). 2023-02-22. Retrieved 2024-11-14.
- ^ "Wellness center | QC Termemilano". QCTerme. Retrieved 2024-11-12.
- ^ a b Esposito, Deborah (2022-11-01). "Terme di Porta Romana". Ecomuseo della Vettabbia e dei Fontanili. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
- ^ "QC Termemilano, Milan". www.griven-usa.com. Retrieved 2024-12-01.
- ^ a b c "beauty-forum.it - QC Terme Pré Saint Didier & QC Termemontebianco". beauty-forum.it. Retrieved 2024-11-15.
- ^ "Mountain Resort QC Termemontebianco". QCTerme. Retrieved 2024-11-14.
- ^ a b "QC Terme Pre Saint Didier Valle d'Aosta". cascate-del-mulino.info (in Italian). 2019-01-07. Retrieved 2024-11-18.
- ^ a b c Taccioli, Lorenzo (2023-06-20). "Lorenzo Taccioli - Orrido di Pré-Saint-Didier - Guida". Lorenzo Taccioli (in Italian). Retrieved 2024-12-01.
- ^ "Pré-Saint-Didier: guida al borgo, le terme, gli hotel e i dintorni". www.pre-saint-didier.com. Retrieved 2024-12-01.
- ^ a b Pizzetti, Elena (2014-12-01). "QC Termeroma: il ritorno alle origini - Gist.it" (in Italian). Retrieved 2024-11-26.
- ^ a b "The History of the Roman Baths". ArchDaily. 2023-06-28. Retrieved 2024-11-30.
- ^ "Five star hotel near Fiumicino Airport in Rome | QC Termeroma". QCTerme. Retrieved 2024-11-14.
- ^ "QC Terme San Pellegrino". QCTerme. Retrieved 2024-11-12.
- ^ a b c "Casinò San Pellegrino Terme". Orobie Tourism - Turismo Val Brembana (in Italian). Retrieved 2024-11-14.
- ^ "Casinò Municipale • Comune di San Pellegrino Terme". 2020-08-03. Archived from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 2024-12-01.
- ^ "QC Terme Torino | Terme in Piemonte". SpyTerme (in Italian). Retrieved 2024-11-09.
- ^ Marziano Bernardi, Torino – Storia e arte, p. 63.
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