Draft:Communism in Brazil

Communism in Brazil has existed as a social or political ideology as well as a political movement since at least as early as the 1920s. The movement has given rise to various leftist factions and uprisings. It has been embodied in social movements and various political parties and in the intellectual works of various Marxist authors. Currently, there are six parties in Brazil that claim to be communist: the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB) and its youth wing Union of Communist Youth (UJC), the Communist Party of Brazil (PCdoB) and its youth wing, the Unified Socialist Workers Party (PSTU) and its youth wing, Rebeldia, the Worker's Cause Party (PCO) and the Popular Unity for Socialism (UP). The sixth party, not yet legalized, is the Brazilian Revolutionary Communist Party (PCBR), the result of a split with the PCB.

History

Early history

The Communist Party of Brazil and the Brazilian Communist Party, originally a unified party, was founded on 25 March 1922. It was the oldest political party in Brazil and it was influenced by the Russian socialist revolution. Initially it had a smaller number of members. In 1931, a breakaway faction called the Communist League was formed as a section of the Left Opposition. In 1935, an uprising was undertaken with the support of the Comintern and PCB, which failed disastrously, and its leaders were thrown into jail. It was very hostile to the Estado Novo of Getúlio Vargas until World War 2, when he entered the Allied side which was allied to the Soviet Union. Its leaders were released and the membership of the party became 82,000. The party advertised itself as the most militant wing of the nationalist movement. It justified this with the Stalinist ‘stages theory’ of a democratic revolution in alliance with the middle class against the landowners and foreign business interests, which would come before a socialist revolution. From 1954 it was said that this democratic revolution could be accomplished peacefully. In practice the struggle for socialism was abandoned and the party became solely concerned with opportunist manoeuvring for positions within the nationalist movement and the trade unions. Later, the Communist Party of Brazil (PCdoB) separated or "reorganized" itself on 18 February 1962 and was legalized on 10 May 1985. In 1964

Principles

The movement was influenced since the end of the 19th century by the arrival of anarchist ideas in Brazil, reaching its peak with the general strike of 1917, and then grew with the foundation of the Communist Party - Brazilian Section of the Communist International (PCB) in 1922. Until its consolidation in the struggle against fascism in the interwar period, the repression during the government of Getúlio Vargas after the Communist insurgency of 1935, its clandestine support for Brazilian involvement in World War II and its progressive and gradual reconstruction in Bahia around intellectuals mostly from Bahia and the Northeast in general such as Jorge Amado, Carlos Marighella, Aristeu Nogueira, Diógenes Arruda Câmara, Leôncio Basbaum, Alberto Passos Guimarães, Maurício Grabois, Graciliano Ramos, Osvaldo Peralva and Armênio Guedes until a new prohibition during the Eurico Gaspar Dutra government during the height of his influence in syndicalism, whether rural or urban, and also in the administration, with the Party splitting in 1962 due to a Maoist faction (which later adhered to Marxist-Leninism).  Disagreeing with the party's directives of seeking the urban-bourgeois revolution as a priority to the detriment of the non-negotiable opposition to the government questioned at first by people like Jacob Gorender and returning to legality during the government of Jânio Quadros when the Party refused to use violence to achieve its political objectives.

Anti-communism in Brazil

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