Clerk family
Clerk family | |
---|---|
Current region | Accra, Ghana |
Place of origin | Fairfield, Manchester Parish, Jamaica |
Founded |
|
Founder | Alexander Worthy Clerk |
Members | |
Connected families | Hesse family |
Distinctions | |
Traditions | Presbyterian |
The Clerk family (/klɑːrk/) is a Ghanaian historic family that produced a number of pioneering scholars and clergy on the Gold Coast.[1][2][3][4][5] Predominantly based in the Ghanaian capital, Accra, the Clerks were traditionally Protestant Christian and affiliated to the Presbyterian Church.[1][2] The Clerk family is primarily a member of the Ga coastal people of Accra[6] and in addition, has Euro-Afro-Caribbean heritage, descending from Jamaican,[1][7] German[6][8][9] and Danish[2][10] ancestry.
History
[edit]The Clerk family was founded by Alexander Worthy Clerk (1820 – 1906), a Jamaican Moravian missionary who arrived in the Danish Protectorate of Christiansborg – the suburb of Osu in Accra, Gold Coast, now Ghana, on either Easter Sunday, 16 April or Easter Monday, 17 April 1843 as per differing historical accounts.[11][12][13] Clerk was part of the first group of 24 West Indian settler missionaries who worked under the auspices of the Basel Evangelical Missionary Society of Basel, Switzerland.[2][12] A. W. Clerk's hometown was Fairfield, a town located in Manchester Parish, Jamaica.[6] In 1848, he married Pauline Hesse (1831–1909), a trader from the notable Euro-Ga Hesse family of Osu Amantra.[6][14][15]
Alexander Clerk was also a pioneer of the precursor to the Presbyterian Church of Ghana and a leader in education in colonial Ghana, co-establishing a boarding middle school for boys, the Salem School, Osu in 1843.[16] Furthermore, Clerk and the other West Indian missionary emigrants introduced new seedlings such as breadfruit, guava and pear to the Gold Coast food economy and their progeny was instrumental in the expansion of the science and practice of agricultural education in the country.[1][2][17][18]
During the colonial era, the Clerks were among an illustrious group of thinkers, often from the coastal areas of Ghana, who flourished in the arts and sciences, spanning multiple familial generations.[1][2][6][10][19][20][21] Outside academia, the family was also active in ecclesiastical circles and the upper echelons of government, including diplomacy. In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, several prominent members of the Clerk family dominated various spheres of public life in Gold Coast society and later, modern Ghana, making significant and pioneering social and scientific contributions to the domestic and regional knowledge economy through the growth of architecture, church development, civil service, education, journalism, medicine, natural sciences, public administration, public health, public policy and urban planning.[2][22][23][19][24][25] The Clerk family is related through marriage to several distinguished indigenous Ga families of Accra like the Adom, Nikoi, Odamtten, Ollennu, Quao and Sai families among others.
Some historically renowned Gold Coast families, mainly from southern Ghana, of Akyem, Anlo Ewe, Fante and Ga ethnicities that thrived in various intellectual pursuits within this period include the Baëta, Bartels, Brew, Casely-Hayford, Easmon, Gbeho and Ofori-Atta families.[26][27] In the broader context, this era of creative ferment, marked by an outpouring of educational achievement, was a catalyst for the eventual push for the country's independence by the Gold Coast intelligentsia. Other learned persons were the Accra literati, linked by intermarriage, as well as trade and commerce along the Gold Coast, such as the Bannerman, Bruce, Hutton-Mills, Meyer, Quist, Reindorf and Vanderpuije families.[28][29][30] Other educators such as Hall and Miller were based in the peri-urban Akan hinterland.[1][6][18]
Notable members
[edit]Notable members of the Clerk family across successive generations include:
First generation
- Alexander Worthy Clerk (1820 – 1906), a Jamaican Moravian missionary, teacher and clergyman, was the patriarch of the Clerk family of Accra.[1][2][3][6][7][11][12]
Second generation
- Nicholas Timothy Clerk (1862 – 1961), a Basel-trained theologian and pioneering missionary, was elected the first Synod Clerk of the Presbyterian Church of the Gold Coast from 1918 to 1932. He was a founding father of the all boys' boarding high school, the Presbyterian Boys' Secondary School, established in 1938.[2][22]
Third generation
- Carl Henry Clerk (1895 –1982) was an agricultural educationist, administrator, journalist, editor and church minister who served as the fourth Synod Clerk of the Presbyterian Church of the Gold Coast from 1950 to 1954. From 1960 to 1963, he was also the Editor of the Christian Messenger, established in 1883 by the Basel Mission, as the news publication of the Presbyterian Church of Ghana.[24][31][32][33]
- Jane Elizabeth Clerk (1904 – 1999) was a schoolteacher and pioneer woman education administrator on the Gold Coast.[34][35]
- Theodore Shealtiel Clerk (1909 – 1965) was the first formally trained, professionally certified Ghanaian architect of the Gold Coast who received the Rutland Prize from the Royal Scottish Academy in 1943. A presidential advisor to Ghana's first leader, Kwame Nkrumah, Clerk was the chief architect, town planner and the first chief executive officer (CEO) of the Tema Development Corporation, a role in which he planned, designed and developed the post-independent metropolis of Tema, the location of the largest seaport in Ghana, the Tema Harbour. He was an Associate of the Royal Institute of British Architects and the Royal Town Planning Institute. In 1964, Theodore Clerk became the first president of the first national professional society, the Ghana Institute of Architects, started in 1963, for the promotion of the architectural practice, education and accreditation in Ghana.[20][23][36][37][38][39]
- Matilda Johanna Clerk (1916 – 1984) was the second Ghanaian woman and the fourth West African woman to become a medical doctor. M. J. Clerk was also the first Ghanaian woman in any field to win an academic merit scholarship for university education abroad and the first woman in Ghana and West Africa to attend graduate school and earn a postgraduate diploma. Additionally, she was the joint second Ghanaian woman and joint fifth woman in West Africa to receive a baccalaureate degree.[19][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49]
Fourth generation
- Nicholas Timothy Clerk (1930 – 2012) was an academic, administrator and Presbyterian minister . Between 1977 and 1982, he served as the Rector of the GIMPA, the nation's premier graduate school of public policy, public administration and governance or statecraft. He was also the vice-chairman of the Public Services Commission of Ghana and the Chairman of the Public Services Commission of Uganda from 1989 to 1990.[22][50][51][52]
- George Carver Clerk (1931 – 2019) was a pioneering botanist and plant pathologist in Ghana and West Africa. A professor and later, an emeritus professor at the University of Ghana, Legon and a Fellow of the Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences, elected in 1973, he focused his research on the ecology, mycology and phytopathology of indigenous flora in Ghana and West Africa.[50][53][54][55][56][57][58][59]
- Pauline Miranda Clerk (1935 – 2013) was a civil servant, diplomat and a presidential advisor.[60][61][62]
- Alexander Adu Clerk (born 1947) is an academic, sleep medicine specialist, psychiatrist and a Fellow of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, who became the Director of the world's first sleep medical clinic, the Stanford Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine from 1990 to 1998.[63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71]
Fifth generation
- Nicholas Timothy Clerk, Jnr. (born 1963) is a consultant obstetrician-gynaecologist with a specialty in ambulatory gynaecology. A medical lecturer, he is a Fellow of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.[72][73][74]
- Christine Alexandra Clerk (1967 – 2018) was a physician and an epidemiologist, with a focus on malaria research and diagnostics, adolescent health and HIV in pregnant women. A clinical research scientist, she worked at public health research centres at Dodowa and Navrongo, in academia at the University of Ghana, Legon and at PATH, a global health institution in Seattle. Christine Clerk was also a Gates Malaria Partnership Scholar at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.[75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96]
List of public memorials
[edit]This is a list of memorials to the Clerk family:
- C. H. Clerk Hall, Osu Presbyterian Girls’ School, Osu, Accra
- Clerk Hall, Valley View University, Oyibi, on the Dodowa-Nsawam Road, Greater Accra
- Clerk House, Presbyterian Boys' Secondary School, Legon, Accra
- Clerks Street, Osu, Accra
- Commemorative plaque attached to the chapel of the Grace Presbyterian Church, Nungua-North, Accra, in memory of Nicholas T. Clerk
- Commemorative plaque in the sanctuary of the Ebenezer Presbyterian Church, Osu in honour of A. W. Clerk, his son, N. T. Clerk and other Basel Mission pastors from Osu
- Commemorative tablet in the sanctuary of the Christ Presbyterian Church, Akropong, in memory of A. W. Clerk, Joseph Miller, John Hall, John Rochester, James Mullings, John Walker, James Green and Jonas Horsford
- Fairfield House, Aburi, in memory of A. W. Clerk
- Hanover Street, Akropong, where the Caribbean Moravians originally resided
- Jamaica, a well at Aburi, dug by John Rochester in the 1850/60s, dedicated to the memory of the West Indian Moravians by the Jamaican Community in Ghana
- Mural in memory of Matilda J. Clerk at Nuffield House, Guy's Hospital, London
- N. T. Clerk Congregation, Volta Presbytery, Worawora
- N. T. Clerk Roundabout, Buem
- Nicholas Timothy Clerk Road, Worawora
- Presbyterian Day, also Ebenezer Day, Presbyterian Church of Ghana, special Sunday in the Almanac in remembrance of the Basel and West Indian missionaries
- T. S. Clerk Street, between Akojo School Park and Tweduaase Primary School, Site 6, Community I, Tema
- The Rev. N. T. Clerk Memorial International School, Worawora
External links
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g
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{{cite journal}}
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- ^ a b "Alex Clerk and family, catechist in Aburi. – BM Archives". bmarchives. Archived from the original on 3 July 2017. Retrieved 3 July 2017.
- ^ "Rev. and Mrs N. Clerk. :: International Mission Photography Archive, ca.1860-ca.1960". digitallibrary education. Archived from the original on 3 July 2017. Retrieved 4 July 2017.
- ^ Al, Fashion Et (12 May 2013). "Ghana Rising: History: Ghana's Majestic Past –People & Culture in Black & White from 1850 - 1950". Ghana Rising. Archived from the original on 20 February 2017. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g Sill, Ulrike (2010). Encounters in Quest of Christian Womanhood: The Basel Mission in Pre- and Early Colonial Ghana. BRILL. ISBN 978-9004188884. Archived from the original on 30 March 2017.
- ^ a b Clerk, Nicholas, Timothy (1943). The Settlement of West Indian Emigrants on the Gold Coast 1843–1943 – A Centenary Sketch. Accra.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Jena, Geographische Gesellschaft (für Thüringen) zu (1891). Mitteilungen (in German). G. Fischer. p. 77.
nicholas timothy clerk basel.
- ^ Jena, Geographische gesellschaft (für Thüringen) zu (1890). Mitteilungen der Geographischen gesellschaft (für Thüringen) zu Jena (in German). G. Fischer.
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- ^ a b "NUPS-G KNUST>>PCG>>History". www.nupsgknust.itgo.com. Archived from the original on 7 February 2005. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
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- ^ Owusu-Agyakwa, Gladys; Ackah, Samuel K.; Kwamena-Poh, M. A. (1994). The mother of our schools: a history of the Presbyterian Training College, Akropong-Akuapem and biography of the principals, 1848-1993. Presbyterian Training College. p. 8. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017.
- ^ "Interview with H.E. Virginia Hesse, Ambassador of Ghana". Czech & Slovak Leaders. 19 August 2020. Retrieved 7 December 2020.
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- ^ Clerk, Nicholas T. (5 June 1982). "Obituary: The Reverend Carl Henry Clerk". Funeral Bulletin, Presbyterian Church of Ghana, Accra.
- ^ "Carl Clerk – Historical records and family trees – MyHeritage". www.myheritage.com. Archived from the original on 6 April 2017. Retrieved 6 April 2017.
- ^ Clerk, Nicholas, T. (27 July 1999). Obituary: Jane Elizabeth Clerk, 1904 -1999. Accra: Presbyterian Church of Ghana, Funeral Bulletin. p. 1.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Presbyterian Women's College of Education (Aburi Akwapim) - T-TEL". www.t-tel.org. Archived from the original on 22 December 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2018.
- ^ "In praise of pioneer architects". Daily Graphic. 31 March 2017. Archived from the original on 13 August 2016.
- ^ "Profile of THEODORE SHEALTIEL CLERK". MyHeritage.com. Archived from the original on 7 April 2017. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
- ^ Intsiful, Prof George W. K. "Ghana news: In praise of pioneer architects – Graphic Online". Graphic Online. Archived from the original on 13 August 2016. Retrieved 27 July 2017.
- ^ "History". gia.org.gh. Archived from the original on 27 July 2017. Retrieved 27 July 2017.
- ^ Clerk, Nicholas, T. (5 January 1985). Obituary: Dr. Matilda Johanna Clerk, MBChB, DTM&H. Accra: Presbyterian Church of Ghana Funeral Bulletin.
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Jiagge, Annie (1918–1996)". 1 January 2002. Archived from the original on 18 October 2016. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
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(help) - ^ Tetty, Charles (1985). "Medical Practitioners of African Descent in Colonial Ghana" (PDF). The International Journal of African Historical Studies. 18 (1): 139–144. doi:10.2307/217977. JSTOR 217977. PMID 11617203. S2CID 7298703. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 March 2019.
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- ^ Adell Patton Jr Physicians, Colonial Racism, and Diaspora in West Africa – 13 April 1996 : http://www.umsl.edu/~pattona/IJAHS_Vol_22_1999.pdf Archived 30 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine
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- ^ Obituary: The Rev. Dr. Nicholas Timothy Clerk. Accra: Christian Messenger - Presbyterian Church of Ghana Funeral Bulletin. 27 October 2012.
- ^ "Contact Us | Department of Botany". www.ug.edu.gh. Archived from the original on 29 March 2017. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
{{cite web}}
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- ^ Burial and Thanksgiving Service for the late Professor Emeritus George Carver Clerk, FGA (1931–2019) (PDF). Accra: Akuafo Hall Chapel, University of Ghana, Legon. June 2019. pp. 6–41.
{{cite book}}
:|work=
ignored (help)[permanent dead link ] - ^ Clerk, Daniel (13 June 2019). "In memoriam: George Carver Clerk, 87". Nature Research Ecology & Evolution Community. Nature Research. Retrieved 13 June 2019.
- ^ Clerk, Daniel (July 2019). "Obituary of George Carver Clerk, 1931-2019" (PDF). ISPP Newsletter. 49 (7). International Society for Plant Pathology: 5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 July 2019. Retrieved 1 July 2019.
- ^ Steinberg, S. (27 December 2016). The Statesman's Year-Book 1962: The One-Volume ENCYCLOPAEDIA of all nations. Springer. ISBN 9780230270916. Archived from the original on 12 January 2018.
- ^ Steinberg, S. (27 December 2016). The Statesman's Year-Book 1963: The One-Volume ENCYCLOPAEDIA of all nations. Springer. ISBN 9780230270923. Archived from the original on 12 January 2018.
- ^ Steinberg, S. (26 December 2016). The Statesman's Year-Book 1964-65: The One-Volume ENCYCLOPAEDIA of all nations. Springer. ISBN 9780230270930. Archived from the original on 12 January 2018.
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- ^ "Alexander A. Clerk, MD: Sleep Medicine, Psychiatry". doctor.webmd.com. Archived from the original on 12 April 2017. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
- ^ "Alex A. Clerk, M.D. – Physicians Medical Group of San Jose". Physicians Medical Group of San Jose. Archived from the original on 13 April 2017. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
- ^ "Dr. Alex Clerk, MD – San Jose, CA | Psychiatry on Doximity". Doximity. Archived from the original on 13 April 2017. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
- ^ "Dr. Alex Clerk, MD | San Jose, CA | Psychiatrist". www.vitals.com. Archived from the original on 13 April 2017. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
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- ^ Company, Johnson Publishing (1 July 1992). Ebony. Johnson Publishing Company. Archived from the original on 29 December 2020.
{{cite book}}
:|last=
has generic name (help) - ^ "Mr Nicholas Clerk: Obstetrics and gynaecology". finder.bupa.co.uk. Archived from the original on 6 April 2017. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
- ^ "Mr Nick Clerk | Consultant Gynaecologist | Spire Healthcare". www.spirehealthcare.com. Archived from the original on 22 April 2017. Retrieved 22 April 2017.
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- ^ "Christine Alexandra Clerk Obituary - COLLEYVILLE, TX". Dignity Memorial. Archived from the original on 30 March 2018. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
- ^ LSHTM Malaria Centre. "2004-05 Report". zdoc.site. pp. 29–30. Archived from the original on 12 April 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
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- ^ "PhD List | Gates Malaria Partnership". www.gatesmalariapartnership.org. Archived from the original on 8 September 2017. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
- ^ "Christine Clerk's scientific contributions | University of Ghana, Accra (Legon) and other places". ResearchGate. Archived from the original on 8 May 2018. Retrieved 8 May 2018.
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- ^ "NHRC 2002 to 2010 | NAVRONGO HEALTH RESEARCH CENTRE". www.navrongo-hrc.org. Archived from the original on 19 February 2017. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
- ^ "Christine Alexandra Clerk's scientific contributions | Dodowa Health Research Centre, Accra and other places". ResearchGate. Archived from the original on 9 April 2018. Retrieved 9 April 2018.
- ^ "Christine Alexandra Clerk". ResearchGate. Archived from the original on 27 April 2017. Retrieved 17 June 2017.
- ^ Hawkins, Jennifer S.; Emanuel, Ezekiel J. (24 August 2008). Exploitation and Developing Countries: The Ethics of Clinical Research. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691126760.
- ^ Participants in the 2001 Conference on Ethical Aspects of Research in Developing Countries (13 December 2002). "Participants in the 2001 Conference on Ethical Aspects of Research in Developing Countries, Blantyre, Malawi, 26 to 28 March 2001". Science. 298 (5601): 2133–2134. doi:10.1126/science.1076899. PMID 12481120. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 April 2018.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Wurapa, Frederick; Afari, Ebenezer; Ohuabunwo, Chima; Sackey, Samuel; Clerk, Christine; Kwadje, Simon; Yebuah, Nathaniel; Amankwa, Joseph; Amofah, George (14 December 2011). "One Health concept for strengthening public health surveillance and response through Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training in Ghana". The Pan African Medical Journal. 10 (Suppl 1): 6. PMC 3266674. PMID 22359694.
- ^ "SALUTE TO DR. CHRISTINE CLERK - A WARRIOR. — ARTcapital Ghana". ARTcapital Ghana. 6 April 2018. Archived from the original on 13 April 2018. Retrieved 13 April 2018.
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- ^ "Review of antenatal-linked voluntary counselling and HIV testing in sub-Saharan Africa: Lessons and options for Ghana" (PDF). Ghana Medical Journal. 39. March 2005. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 December 2017.
- ^ Clerk, Christine Alexandra; Bruce, Jane; Affipunguh, Pius Kaba; Mensah, Nathan; Hodgson, Abraham; Greenwood, Brian; Chandramohan, Daniel (15 October 2008). "A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Intermittent Preventive Treatment with Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine, Amodiaquine, or the Combination in Pregnant Women in Ghana". The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 198 (8): 1202–1211. doi:10.1086/591944. ISSN 0022-1899. PMID 18752443.
- ^ Clerk, Christine Alexandra; Bruce, Jane; Greenwood, Brian; Chandramohan, Daniel (1 June 2009). "The epidemiology of malaria among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in an area with intense and highly seasonal malaria transmission in northern Ghana". Tropical Medicine & International Health. 14 (6): 688–695. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3156.2009.02280.x. ISSN 1365-3156. PMID 19392740. S2CID 3150052.
- ^ "Disease Control Department PhD Upgrading Seminar | malaria.lshtm.ac.uk". malaria.lshtm.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 12 April 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2018.