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Ibadan

Coordinates: 7°23′47″N 3°55′0″E / 7.39639°N 3.91667°E / 7.39639; 3.91667
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Armies of Ibadan)
Not to be confused with Abadan.

Ibadan
Metropolis
Ibadan
Ibadan with a statue of Oluyole
Bowers Tower
Cocoa House
Nickname: 
Ilé Oluyole Ìlú Ogunmola
Ibadan is located in Nigeria
Ibadan
Ibadan
Location in Nigeria
Coordinates: 7°23′47″N 3°55′0″E / 7.39639°N 3.91667°E / 7.39639; 3.91667
Country Nigeria
StateOyo
War camp1829
Ibadan District Council1961
Ibadan Municipal Government1989
Area
 • Metropolis
1,680 km2 (650 sq mi)
 • Urban
2,102 km2 (812 sq mi)
 • Rank1st
Elevation
230 m (750 ft)
Population
 (2006)[3]
 • Metropolis
2,559,853
 • Estimate 
(2021)
3,649,000
 • Rank3rd
 • Density985.13/km2 (2,551.5/sq mi)
 • Urban
3,552,000[2]
 • Urban density464.71/km2 (1,203.6/sq mi)
 • Metro
4,004,000[1]
GDP (PPP, constant 2015 values)
 • Year2023
 • Total$29.0 billion[4]
 • Per capita$7,500
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (WAT)
National languageYoruba
Websitehttp://www.oyostate.gov.ng/

Ibadan (UK: /ɪˈbædən/, US: /ɪˈbɑːdən/;[5] Yoruba: Ìbàdàn) is the capital and most populous city of Oyo State, in Nigeria. It is the third-largest city by population in Nigeria after Lagos and Kano, with a total population of 3,649,000 as of 2021, and nearly 4 million within its metropolitan area. It is one of the country's largest cities by geographical area. At the time of Nigeria's independence in 1960, Ibadan was the largest and most populous city in the country, and the second-most populous in Africa behind Cairo. Ibadan is ranked one of the fastest-growing cities in sub-Saharan Africa, according to the UN Human Settlements Program (2022).[6] It is also ranked third in West Africa in the tech startups index. Ibadan joined the UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities in 2016.

Oyo State Sectarian located in Ibadan

Ibadan is located in south-western Nigeria, 129 kilometres (80 mi) inland northeast of Lagos and 530 kilometres (330 mi) southwest of Abuja, the federal capital. It is a prominent transit point between the coastal region and areas in the hinterland of the country. Ibadan had been the administrative center of the old Western Region since the early days of British colonial rule, and parts of the city's ancient protective walls still stand to this day. The principal inhabitants of the city are the Yoruba people, as well as various communities (notably Igbo, Hausa, Edo, and Ibibio) from other parts of the country.

History

[edit]
See also: Timeline of Ibadan

Ibadan, coined from the phrase "Eba-Odan",[7] which literally means 'by the edge of the meadow', came into existence in 1829, during a period of turmoil that characterized Yorubaland at the time.[8] It was in this period that many old Yoruba cities such as old Oyo (Oyo-ile), Ijaye and Owu disappeared, and newer ones such as Abeokuta, new Oyo (Oyo Atiba) and Ibadan sprang up to replace them.[9] According to local historians, Lagelu founded the city, and was initially intended to be a war camp for warriors coming from Oyo, Ife and Ijebu.[10] As a forest site containing several ranges of hills, varying in elevation from 160 to 275 meters, the location of the camp offered strategic defense opportunities. Moreover, its location at the fringe of the forest (from which the city got its name) promoted its emergence as a marketing center for traders and goods from both the forest and grassland areas.[citation needed]

The church and mission in Ibadan, Yoruba country, 1850's

In 1852, the Church Missionary Society sent David and Anna Hinderer to found a mission. They decided to build the mission and a church in Ibadan when they arrived in 1853.[11]

Ibadan thus had initially begun as a military state and remained so until the last decade of the 19th century. The city-state also succeeded in building a large empire from the 1860s to the 1890s which extended over much of northern and eastern Yorubaland. It was appropriately nicknamed idi-Ibon or "gun base", because of its unique military character.[12]

In Ibadan, unlike other Yoruba cities with traditional kingship institutions, the warrior class became the rulers of the city as well as the most important economic group.[13]

Ibadan grew into an impressive and sprawling urban canter, such that by the end of 1829, Ibadan dominated the Yoruba region militarily, politically and economically.[citation needed] The military sanctuary expanded even further when refugees began arriving in large numbers from northern Oyo following raids by Fulani warriors.[citation needed] After losing the northern portion of their region to the marauding Fulanis, many Oyo indigenes retreated deeper into the Ibadan environs. The Fulani Caliphate attempted to expand further into the southern region of modern-day Nigeria, but was decisively defeated by the armies of Ibadan in 1840, which eventually halted their progress. The colonial period reinforced the position of the city in the Yoruba urban network. After a small boom in rubber business (1901–1913), cocoa became the main produce of the region and attracted European and Levantine firms, as well as southern and northern traders from Lagos, Ijebu-Ode and Kano among others. The city became a major point of bulk trade.[citation needed] In 1893, the Ibadan area became a British Protectorate after a treaty signed by Fijabi, the Baale of Ibadan with the British acting Governor of Lagos Colony, George C. Denton on 15 August.[14]

Its central location and accessibility from the capital city of Lagos were major considerations in the choice of Ibadan as the headquarters of the Western Provinces (1939) which ranged from the northernmost areas of Oyo State to Ekeremor, Bomadi and Patani, which were regions transferred from the old Delta province in the Old Western region and later Mid-west to the old Rivers state and later Bayelsa, in the redistricting of Nigeria carried out by the Yakubu Gowon administration shortly before the Nigerian Civil War.[15]

In 2024, Ibadan was the site of a failed coup attempt by Yoruba separatists.[16]

Geography

[edit]

Ibadan is located in south-western Nigeria in the southeastern part of Oyo State at about 119 kilometres (74 miles) northeast of Lagos and 120 kilometres (75 miles) east of the Nigerian international border with the Republic of Benin. It lies completely within the tropical forest zone but close to the boundary between the forest and the derived savanna. The city ranges in elevation from 150 m in the valley area, to 275 m above sea level on the major north–south ridge which crosses the central part of the city. The city covers a total area of 3,080 square kilometres (1,190 sq mi), the largest in Nigeria.

The city of Ibadan is naturally drained by five rivers with many tributaries: Ona River in the North and West; Ogbere River towards the East; Ogunpa River flowing through the city and Kudeti River in the Central part of the metropolis. Ogunpa River, a third-order stream with a channel length of 12.76 km and a catchment area of 54.92 km2. Lake Eleyele is located at the northwestern part of the city, while the Osun River, Asejire Lake bounds the city to the east and the fifth rivers boundary Ibadan with other Oke-Oguns towns, witch call Odo-ogun Rivers across Lagos State, Ogun State, Osun State, Iseyin Town and Eruwa Town boundary to Ibadan.

Climate

[edit]

Ibadan has a tropical wet and dry climate (Köppen climate classification Aw), with a lengthy wet season and relatively constant temperatures throughout the year. Ibadan's wet season runs from March through October, though August sees somewhat of a lull in precipitation. This lull divides the wet season into two different wet seasons. November to February forms the city's dry season, during which Ibadan experiences the typical West African harmattan. The mean total rainfall for Ibadan is approximately 1,230 millimetres or 48 inches, falling over about 123 days. There are two peaks for rainfall, June and September. The mean daily temperature is 26.46 °C or 79.63 °F, the mean minimum 21.42 °C or 70.56 °F, and the relative humidity 74.55%.

Climate data for Ibadan
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 37.2
(99.0) 		39.2
(102.6) 		38.3
(100.9) 		37.2
(99.0) 		35.0
(95.0) 		33.3
(91.9) 		31.7
(89.1) 		31.7
(89.1) 		35.6
(96.1) 		33.3
(91.9) 		33.9
(93.0) 		39.5
(103.1) 		39.5
(103.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 32.3
(90.1) 		34.0
(93.2) 		33.5
(92.3) 		32.3
(90.1) 		31.2
(88.2) 		29.6
(85.3) 		27.8
(82.0) 		27.2
(81.0) 		28.5
(83.3) 		29.7
(85.5) 		31.3
(88.3) 		31.9
(89.4) 		30.8
(87.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) 25.7
(78.3) 		26.9
(80.4) 		26.9
(80.4) 		26.3
(79.3) 		25.6
(78.1) 		25.1
(77.2) 		23.6
(74.5) 		23.1
(73.6) 		23.9
(75.0) 		24.3
(75.7) 		25.6
(78.1) 		25.5
(77.9) 		25.2
(77.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 20.9
(69.6) 		21.9
(71.4) 		22.5
(72.5) 		22.0
(71.6) 		21.7
(71.1) 		21.6
(70.9) 		21.2
(70.2) 		20.7
(69.3) 		21.8
(71.2) 		21.7
(71.1) 		21.6
(70.9) 		20.7
(69.3) 		21.5
(70.7)
Record low °C (°F) 10.0
(50.0) 		11.1
(52.0) 		15.0
(59.0) 		18.3
(64.9) 		17.8
(64.0) 		17.8
(64.0) 		16.1
(61.0) 		15.6
(60.1) 		17.2
(63.0) 		17.8
(64.0) 		15.6
(60.1) 		11.1
(52.0) 		10.0
(50.0)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 10
(0.4) 		25
(1.0) 		91
(3.6) 		135
(5.3) 		152
(6.0) 		188
(7.4) 		155
(6.1) 		86
(3.4) 		175
(6.9) 		160
(6.3) 		46
(1.8) 		10
(0.4) 		1,233
(48.5)
Average rainy days (≥ 0.3 mm) 1 3 7 9 14 17 15 13 18 18 7 1 123
Average relative humidity (%) 76 73 77 82 85 87 89 88 88 87 83 79 83
Mean monthly sunshine hours 198.4 197.8 186.0 180.0 195.3 147.0 86.8 65.1 93.0 164.3 207.0 220.1 1,940.8
Mean daily sunshine hours 6.4 7.0 6.0 6.0 6.3 4.9 2.8 2.1 3.1 5.3 6.9 7.1 5.3
Source: Deutscher Wetterdienst[17]

Government Administration

[edit]

There are 11 local governments in the Ibadan metropolitan area, consisting of five urban local governments in the city and six semi-urban local governments. Local governments at present are institutions created by the military government but recognised by the 1999 constitution, and they are the third tier of government in Nigeria. Local government councils consist of the Executive Arm made up of the Executive Chairman, the Vice Chairman, the Secretary and the Supervisory Councillors.[18]

Local government areas

[edit]

Ibadan Urban – LGA Chairman

Ibadan Semi-Urban – LGA Chairman

  • Akinyele – Taoreed Jimoh Adedigba
  • Egbeda – Akeem Akintunde
  • Ido – Sheriff Aderemi Adeojo
  • Lagelu – Oyesanmi Toriola
  • Ona Ara – Ogundele Biliaminu
  • Oluyole A yodeji Abass Aleshinloye
Iwo Road1, Ibadan, Oyo State

Local Council Development Areas

[edit]

The former Executive Governor of Oyo State, Senator Isiaka Abiola Ajimobi, created some Local Council Development Areas (LCDAs) out of some of the existing local government areas in Oyo State. From the Ibadan Urban Local Government areas, the following LCDAs were created. Out of Ibadan North Local Government area, Aare Latosa LCDA and Irepodun LCDA were created. Out of Ibadan North East Local Government area, Ibadan East LCDA was created. Out of Ibadan North West Local Government area, Oke'Badan North LCDA was created. Out of Ibadan South East Local Government area, Ibadan South LCDA was created. Out of Ibadan South West Local Government area, Ibadan West LCDA was created.[19]

From the Ibadan Semi-urban Local Government areas, the following LCDAs were created. Out of Akinyele Local Government area, Akinyele South LCDA and Akinyele East LCDA were created.

Demographics

[edit]

Until 1970, Ibadan was the largest city in Sub-Saharan Africa by surface area.[9] In 1952, it was estimated that the total area of the city was approximately 103.8 km2[20] However, only 36.2 km2 was built up. This meant that the remaining 67 km2 were devoted to non-urban uses, such as farmlands, river floodplains, forest reserves and water bodies. These "non-urban land uses" disappeared in the 1960s: an aerial photograph in 1973 revealed that the urban landscape had completely spread over about 100 km2. The land area increased from 136 km2 in 1981 to 210–240 km2 in 1988-89 (Areola, 1994: 101). By 2000, it is estimated that Ibadan covered 400 km2.[21] The growth of the built-up area during the second half of the 20th century (from 40 km2 in the 1950s to 250 km2 in the 1990s) shows clearly that there has been an underestimate of the total growth of the city. In the 1980s, the Ibadan-Lagos expressway generated the greatest urban sprawl (east and north of the city), followed by the Eleiyele expressway (west of the city). Since then, Ibadan city has spread further into the neighbouring local government areas of Akinyele and Egbeda in particular.

Places of worship

[edit]

Among the places of worship, there are Christian churches and temples: Christ Apostolic Church, Church of Nigeria (Anglican Communion), Dominion City Church,Presbyterian Church of Nigeria (World Communion of Reformed Churches), Nigerian Baptist Convention (Baptist World Alliance), Living Faith Church Worldwide, Redeemed Christian Church of God, HarvestHouse Christian Centre, The Covenant Nation, Assemblies of God, Seventh-day Adventist Church, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Ibadan (Catholic Church), Ensign Church of Nations, The Deeper Life Bible Church,and some Pentecostal churches, and Muslim mosques.[22]

Architecture

[edit]

The best method to move about the city is to use reference points and notable landmarks[citation needed].

Front view of Mapo Hall, Ibadan

Dugbe district is the commercial nerve centre of Ibadan. This is where many banks have one or more branches. The south west regional office of the Central Bank of Nigeria is at Dugbe. Also at Dugbe is the Cocoa House,[23] Nigeria's first skyscraper.

Cocoa House, Ibadan

It is one of the few skyscrapers in the city and is at the hub of Ibadan's commercial centre. The Cocoa house is the headquarters for the Oodua Investment Company co-owned by all south-western states.[24] Other tall buildings around Dugbe axis include Femi Johnson glass house, CBN building, United Bank for Africa,[25] Oxford building, Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria's Building, among others.

There is a museum in the building of the Institute of African Studies, which exhibits several remarkable pre-historic bronze carvings and statues. The city has several well stocked libraries, and is home to the first television station in Africa. The city has two zoological gardens, one located within the University of Ibadan and another at Agodi Gardens which also contains a botanical garden.

Bower Memorial Tower

The Bower's Tower, built in 1936, is to the east on Oke Aàre (Aare's Hill) ("Aare" in Yoruba means commander-in-chief or generalissimo), which can be seen from practically any point in the city; it also provides an excellent view of the whole city from the top. It is named after Robert Lister Bower,[26] and is sometimes called "Láyípo"- a testament to the spiral staircase in the monument.[26]

Other buildings include Mapo Hall[27] – the colonial style city hall – perched on top of a hill, "Oke Mapo", Mapo Hill ("oke" is hill in Yoruba, the cultural centre Mokola and the Obafemi Awolowo Stadium (formerly Liberty Stadium). The first citadel of higher learning, University of Ibadan (formerly the University College of Ibadan),[28] the Obafemi Awolowo Hall in the University of Ibadan is said to be one of the tallest and largest hostel[29] in West Africa. The first teaching hospital in Nigeria, University College Hospital,[30] were both built in this ancient city.

Education

[edit]
University of Ibadan

Ibadan is host to Nigeria's premier higher institution of learning, the University of Ibadan. Established as a college of the University of London in 1948, and later converted into an autonomous university in 1962. Other higher educational institutions in the city include; The Polytechnic, Ibadan, Lead City University, First Technical University, Kola Daisi University,[31] Federal college of Animal health and Production Technology,[32] Federal College of Forestry,[33] Highland College of Technology,[34] Samonda, Federal School of Statistics, Federal Cooperative College, Tower Polytechnic,[35] Ibadan, Ibadan City Polytechnic,[36] Citigate Polytechnic, NIIT University among others.

There are also numerous public and private primary and secondary schools located in the city and its suburbs. Other noteworthy institutions in the city include The University College Hospital, Ibadan (UCH), which is the first teaching hospital in Nigeria; the internationally acclaimed International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) headquartered in the city. Established in 1967, it focuses on the agricultural and developmental needs of tropical countries, with several research stations spread across Africa. The Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research (NISER),[37] The Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, The National Root Crops Research Institute, and The Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IAR&T), The Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, the Nigerian Horticultural Research Institute (NIHORT), all under the auspices of The Agricultural Research Council of Nigeria.[38]

In 1853, the first Europeans to settle in Ibadan, Reverend David and Anna Hinderer, started Ibadan's first Western schools.[citation needed] They built churches and Anna taught at the new school.[11] They built the first two-storey building in Ibadan, which can still be found today at Kudeti. The first pupils to attend an elementary school in Ibadan were Yejide Olunloyo (female) and Akinyele Olunloyo (male) – the two children of an Ibadan high chief.

Economy

[edit]

Ibadan is the capital city of Oyo State, the fourth largest state economy in Nigeria,[39] and the second largest non-oil state economy in Nigeria after Lagos state. With its strategic location on the railway line connecting Lagos to Kano,[40] the city is a major centre for trade in cassava, cocoa, cotton, timber, rubber, and palm oil. The city and its environs is home to several industries such as Agro allied, Textile, Food processing, Health Care and Cosmetic, Tobacco processing and Cigarette manufacturing, Leatherworks and furniture making Etc. There is abundance of clay, kaolin and aquamarine in the city environs, and there are several cattle ranches, a dairy farm as well as a commercial abattoir in Ibadan. There are dozens of banks and Insurance firms spread out across the cityscape that service the city's millions of inhabitants.

The main economic activities engaged in by the Ibadan populace include Agriculture, Trade, Public service employment, Factory work, Service sector/Tertiary production, Etc. The headquarters of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) have extensive grounds for crop and agricultural research into key tropical crops such as bananas, plantains, maize, cassava, soybean, cowpea and yam.[41] According to a report, Ibadan is the 3rd cheapest Nigerian city to live in.[42]

Entertainment and recreation

[edit]

Ibadan is a busy city but also accommodates an adequate amount of entertainment and relaxation.

Sports and recreation

[edit]

There are various sport centres and facilities within the city limits of Ibadan. The Ibadan recreational club established 1902 in the Sabo area of the city is one of the oldest of such clubs in the country.[citation needed] It offers a swimming pool, tennis courts, basketball courts, snooker, squash courts, darts corner, and a relaxation bar. The city is also host to dozens of football academies where soccer talents are groomed. The Agodi Gardens of Oyo State has been completely refurbished to contain a Botanical Garden, Zoo, Swimming pool, Guest house, Bar and Restaurants. In addition, there are the Ibadan Polo Club at Eleyele and the Ibadan Golf Club[43] in the Onireke reservation Area.

The city has the first standard Nigerian stadium, The Obafemi Awolowo Stadium formerly Liberty Stadium as well as The Lekan Salami Stadium which is the home of 3SC, Shooting stars football club, the team that won Nigeria's first international trophy, The African Cup Winners' Cup in 1976 by defeating Tonnerre Yaoundé of Cameroon 4 – 2 on aggregate points.

Public spaces and parks

[edit]

Transport

[edit]

The city of Ibadan is a major Nigerian transport hub with freeways linking it with Lagos in the South South West, Ijebu Ode and Shagamu in the South, Abeokuta in the West, Oyo, ogbomosho, Offa and Ilorin in the North, Ife, Ado Ekiti, Osogbo, Ilesha, Akure, Okene, Auchi and other cities towards the East. The city is also served by an airport, the Ibadan Airport, which operates daily flights to Abuja, Lagos, Kano, Ilorin etc. through major airlines in Nigeria. The city is a major terminus railway station on the main railway line linking Lagos with Kano in the North of the country. Nearly all the major roads are dualized (Double carriage roads), such roads include the Ojoo-Sango-Mokola road that passes in front of the University of Ibadan, others include Ring road-Orita-Challenge-New Garage ways and the recently completed Dugbe-Eleyele-Jerico Road. There are various roundabouts, intersections and flyovers within the city, the latest being the Mokola flyover built to reduce persistent traffic gridlock being experienced in the Mokola axis of the city.[citation needed]

Modes of transport include, cabs & taxis, taxi-vans commonly called Danfos, and in more recent times mass transit buses have commenced operations to reduce the hardship of students and workers commuting from various suburban areas to the city centre, private/personal/family cars, scooters commonly known as Okadas, Coach (bus) services, more commonly known locally as "luxurious busses" such as Alakowe Bus, ABC Transport, Cross Country ltd Etc., which operate To and Fro services linking Ibadan and all other major destinations in the country and beyond, as well as pedestrian walking.

Since 2021, there is a new railway connection (standard gauge), which brings passengers to Lagos in less than 3 hours. It leaves at 8:00 and 16:00 every day (on time).[44] The new railway line came with a new railway station.

Phase 1 of the Ibadan circular road, a 110 km road which encircles Ibadan, as at April 2023 is under construction[45][46]

Media

[edit]
Short Oral history of Ibadan in Ibadan language by a native speaker

The city host the first T.V station in Africa NTA, Ibadan established as Western Nigeria Television (WNTV) in 1959. The oldest surviving Nigeria newspaper is in Ibadan Tribune founded by chief Obafemi Awolowo Premier of Western Nigeria. The first private TV station Galaxy TV in Oyo State also started in the city. As at 2014 the city is home to several media outlets including

Galaxy TV

Satellite channels are provided by

  • Multichoice Africa owner of DStv and GOTV satellite company has an office in the Jericho area of the city providing subscribers with numerous international and local TV and radio.
  • Star times
  • DaarSat

The radio stations in Ibadan are increasing in number compared to 5–10 years ago,[when?] when only 3 operated. Today, there are:

  • B.C.O.S Radio 1 and Oluyole FM 98.5
  • Premier FM 93.5 (government-owned)
  • Amuludun FM 99.1(Yoruba only, government-owned)
  • Beat FM 97.9
  • Mitv/Star FM 95.1
  • Raypower Radio of AIT
  • Diamond FM 101.1 of University of Ibadan
  • Impact Business Radio (IBR 92.5 FM) a.k.a. Amutajero
  • Splash FM 105.5
  • Inspiration FM 100.5
  • Space FM 90.10
  • Naija FM 102.7
  • Royal Roots (R2)FM 92.9
  • Petals FM 102.3
  • Lagelu FM 96.3
  • Fresh FM 105.9
  • Star FM 91.5
  • Jamz FM 101.1
  • Thirty-Two FM 94.9
  • Noble 107.1 FM
  • Lead Radio FM 106.3
  • Pensioners' FM 106.7
  • Agidigbo FM 88.7
  • Solutions FM 93.9
  • Adamimogo FM

There are also online communities of Ibadan residents such as CONNECTIBADAN, Ibadan247, IBpulse and WhatsupIbadan. They help the public connect with news, event and people in Ibadan and Oyo State as a whole.

Notable people

[edit]
Main category: People from Ibadan

Twin towns – sister cities

[edit]
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Nigeria

Ibadan is twinned with:

[edit]
  • Archbishop Ayo Lidigbolu House
    Archbishop Ayo Lidigbolu House
  • Ayefele music house
    Ayefele music house
  • Bower towers
    Bower towers
  • Bower towers gate
    Bower towers gate
  • Bowers towers, Ibadan
    Bowers towers, Ibadan
  • Cocoa Dome, Dupe Ibadan
    Cocoa Dome, Dupe Ibadan
  • Crown Trust Plaza
    Crown Trust Plaza
  • Dugbe roundabout, Ibadan
    Dugbe roundabout, Ibadan
  • Havsns Royale hall and event centre
    Havsns Royale hall and event centre
  • Ibadan brown roofs
    Ibadan brown roofs
  • Mobolaji Johnson house
    Mobolaji Johnson house
  • Kola Daisi University city building
    Kola Daisi University city building
  • Maharaji village
    Maharaji village
  • Molete Baptist church
    Molete Baptist church
  • Ibadan ring road
    Ibadan ring road
  • Oba Adessoji Adereni house
    Oba Adessoji Adereni house
  • Specialist hospital
    Specialist hospital
  • Government house gate
    Government house gate
  • High court of Justice
    High court of Justice
  • Presbyterian church
    Presbyterian church
  • Stadium
    Stadium
  • Shoprite
    Shoprite
  • St. Annes Church
    St. Annes Church
  • Sango Ojurin Market
    Sango Ojurin Market
  • Ventura mall
    Ventura mall
  • Ibadan Aerial View of Alakia from an airplane
    Ibadan Aerial View of Alakia from an airplane

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Ibadan 2024".
  2. ^ Demographia (January 2015). Demographia World Urban Areas (PDF) (11th ed.). Retrieved 2 March 2015.
  3. ^ Summing the 11 Local Government Areas of Ibadan using:
    population.de (2011). "Population of oyo state". Retrieved 15 July 2016.
  4. ^ "TelluBase—Nigeria Fact Sheet (Tellusant Public Service Series)" (PDF). Tellusant. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
  5. ^ Wells, John C. (2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.). Longman. ISBN 978-1-4058-8118-0.
  6. ^ "Top 10 fastest growing cities in Africa 2022". 15 June 2022.
  7. ^ "Ibadan: How it was defined". Ibadan name.
  8. ^ Toyin Falola, Ann Genova, Matthew M. Heaton, Historical Dictionary of Nigeria, Rowman & Littlefield, USA, 2018, p. 189
  9. ^ a b Lyold, P.C; et al. (1967). The City of Ibadan. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-11217-8.
  10. ^ "Ibadan History". Litcaf. 12 February 2016. Retrieved 4 June 2017.
  11. ^ a b Martin Lynn, 'Hinderer, Anna (1827–1870)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 18 March 2017
  12. ^ "Ibadan-FINAL_Anna2_XX.qxd" (PDF). Retrieved 17 February 2019.
  13. ^ "Ibadan | Location, History, & Facts | Britannica". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
  14. ^ Olufemi Vaughan (2006). Nigerian Chiefs: Traditional Power in Modern Politics, 1890s-1990s. University Rochester Press. ISBN 9781580462495.
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Sources

[edit]
  • 'On Education' – Page 69; 'Seventeen Years in the Yoruba Country: Memorials of Anna Hinderer (wife of the Rev. David Hinderer, C.M.S. Missionary in Western Africa).

https://oyoaffairs.net/un-research-ranks-ibadan-as-2nd-fastest-growing-city-in-2022/

Bibliography

[edit]
See also: Bibliography of the history of Ibadan
[edit]
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Ibadan.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ibadan.

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