Álava (Basque : Araba ) is one of the 59 constituencies (Spanish: circunscripciones ) represented in the Senate , the upper chamber of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales . The constituency elects four senators . Its boundaries correspond to those of the Spanish province of Álava . The electoral system uses an open list partial block voting , with electors voting for individual candidates instead of parties. Electors can vote for up to three candidates.
The constituency was created as per the Political Reform Act 1977 and was first contested in the 1977 general election . The Act provided for the provinces of Spain to be established as multi-member districts in the Senate of Spain ,[ 2] Spanish Constitution of 1978 .[ 3] organic law , needing an absolute majority in the Cortes Generales .[ 4]
Voting is on the basis of universal suffrage , which comprises all nationals over 18 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political rights.[ 5] over 21 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political and civil rights.[ 6] Spaniards abroad to apply for voting before being permitted to vote, a system known as "begged" or expat vote (Spanish : Voto rogado ),[ 8] [ 9] [ 10] open list partial block voting system , with electors voting for individual candidates instead of parties. In constituencies electing four seats, electors can vote for up to three candidates; in those with two or three seats, for up to two candidates; and for one candidate in single-member districts. Each of the 47 peninsular provinces is allocated four seats, whereas for insular provinces, such as the Balearic and Canary Islands , districts are the islands themselves, with the larger—Mallorca , Gran Canaria and Tenerife —being allocated three seats each, and the smaller—Menorca , Ibiza –Formentera , Fuerteventura , La Gomera and El Hierro (which comprised a single constituency only for the 1977 election), Lanzarote and La Palma —one each. Ceuta and Melilla elect two seats each.[ 2] [ 3] [ 11] [ 12] by-elections to fill Senate seats vacated up to two years into the legislature.[ 13]
The electoral law allows for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry , coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election are required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call—fifteen before 1985—whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election—one permille of the electorate, with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures, until 1985—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates. Also since 2011, parties, federations or coalitions that have not obtained a mandate in either chamber of the Cortes at the preceding election are required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of electors in the aforementioned constituencies.[ 14] [ 15]
2023 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 23 July 2023 Senate of Spain election results in Álava
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE))
130,754
27.00
+4.63
3 +2
Basque Country Gather –Left for Independence (EH Bildu)
101,123
20.88
+4.01
1 +1
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)
88,620
18.30
–7.97
0
–3
People's Party (PP)
87,136
18.00
+2.12
0
±0
Unite (Sumar)1
52,177
10.78
–3.29
0
±0
Vox (Vox)
16,906
3.49
+2.30
0
±0
Blank Seats to Leave Empty Seats (EB)
2,782
0.57
New
0
±0
Animalist Party with the Environment (PACMA)2
1,769
0.37
–0.39
0
±0
Zero Cuts (Recortes Cero)
597
0.12
–0.07
0
±0
Communist Party of the Workers of the Basque Country (PCTE/ELAK)
538
0.11
–0.01
0
±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J)
310
0.06
–0.11
0
±0
Blank ballots[ a]
1,497
0.90
–0.35
Total
484,209
4
±0
Valid votes
167,055
98.01
+0.03
Invalid votes
3,391
1.99
–0.03
Votes cast / turnout
170,446
65.50
–0.95
Abstentions
89,768
34.50
+0.95
Registered voters
260,214
Sources[ 16]
November 2019 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 10 November 2019 Senate of Spain election results in Álava
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)
126,270
26.27
+1.99
3 ±0
Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE))
107,532
22.37
+0.23
1 ±0
Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu)
81,106
16.87
+2.32
0
±0
People's Party (PP)
76,326
15.88
+1.91
0
±0
United We Can (Podemos –IU )
67,616
14.07
–2.09
0
±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs)
8,089
1.68
–2.02
0
±0
Vox (Vox)
5,735
1.19
–1.67
0
±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)
3,632
0.76
–0.60
0
±0
Zero Cuts –Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV)
931
0.19
–0.02
0
±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J)
798
0.17
–0.02
0
±0
Communist Party of the Workers of the Basque Country (PCTE/ELAK)
576
0.12
–0.01
0
±0
Blank ballots[ a]
2,102
1.25
–0.08
Total
480,713
4
±0
Valid votes
168,291
97.98
+0.42
Invalid votes
3,478
2.02
–0.42
Votes cast / turnout
171,769
66.45
–3.04
Abstentions
86,726
33.55
+3.04
Registered voters
258,495
Sources[ 16]
April 2019 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 28 April 2019 Senate of Spain election results in Álava
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)
122,558
24.28
+5.99
3 +3
Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE))
111,752
22.14
+5.82
1 +1
United We Can (Podemos –IU –Equo Berdeak )
81,548
16.16
–11.76
0
–3
Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu)
73,438
14.55
+3.23
0
±0
People's Party (PP)
70,519
13.97
–7.77
0
–1
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs)
18,660
3.70
+1.99
0
±0
Vox (Vox)
14,431
2.86
+2.75
0
±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)
6,849
1.36
–0.14
0
±0
Zero Cuts –Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV)
1,082
0.21
–0.08
0
±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J)
966
0.19
New
0
±0
Communist Party of the Workers of the Basque Country (PCTE/ELAK)
646
0.13
New
0
±0
Blank ballots[ a]
2,330
1.33
–0.46
Total
504,779
4
±0
Valid votes
174,772
97.56
+0.16
Invalid votes
4,378
2.44
–0.16
Votes cast / turnout
179,150
69.49
+3.31
Abstentions
78,647
30.51
–3.31
Registered voters
257,797
Sources[ 16]
2016 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 26 June 2016 Senate of Spain election results in Álava
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
United We Can (Podemos/Ahal Dugu –IU –Equo )1
129,067
27.92
+1.04
3 ±0
People's Party (PP)
100,483
21.74
+2.54
1 ±0
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)
84,567
18.29
+0.75
0
±0
Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE))
75,455
16.32
+2.23
0
±0
Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu)
52,314
11.32
–2.16
0
±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's)
7,896
1.71
–3.24
0
±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)
6,940
1.50
+0.32
0
±0
Zero Cuts –Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV)
1,335
0.29
+0.04
0
±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)
581
0.13
New
0
±0
Vox (Vox)
503
0.11
New
0
±0
Navarrese Freedom (Ln)
224
0.05
±0.00
0
±0
Blank ballots[ a]
2,934
1.79
–1.71
Total
462,299
4
±0
Valid votes
164,095
97.40
+0.88
Invalid votes
4,389
2.60
–0.88
Votes cast / turnout
168,484
66.18
–4.26
Abstentions
86,095
33.82
+4.26
Registered voters
254,579
Sources[ 16]
2015 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 20 December 2015 Senate of Spain election results in Álava
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
We Can (Podemos/Ahal Dugu)
112,463
22.85
New
3 +3
People's Party (PP)
94,524
19.20
–9.12
1 –2
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)
86,324
17.54
–2.14
0
±0
Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE))
69,355
14.09
–8.77
0
–1
Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu)1
66,352
13.48
–6.10
0
±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's)
24,347
4.95
New
0
±0
United Left –Popular Unity in Common (IU–UPeC)
19,824
4.03
+0.28
0
±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)
5,829
1.18
+0.77
0
±0
Blank Seats (EB/AZ)
3,093
0.63
New
0
±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD)
2,629
0.53
–0.46
0
±0
Zero Cuts –Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV)
1,247
0.25
New
0
±0
Navarrese Freedom (Ln)
231
0.05
New
0
±0
Blank ballots[ a]
6,050
3.50
–0.97
Total
492,268
4
±0
Valid votes
172,908
96.52
+0.99
Invalid votes
6,238
3.48
–0.99
Votes cast / turnout
179,146
70.44
+2.20
Abstentions
75,181
29.56
–2.20
Registered voters
254,327
Sources[ 16]
2011 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 20 November 2011 Senate of Spain election results in Álava
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
People's Party (PP)
129,375
28.32
+1.03
3 +2
Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE))
104,427
22.86
–16.26
1 –2
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)
89,921
19.68
–0.66
0
±0
Amaiur (Amaiur)1
89,463
19.58
+14.49
0
±0
United Left –The Greens : Plural Left (IU–LV)
17,115
3.75
–0.56
0
±0
Equo (Equo)
9,653
2.11
New
0
±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD)
4,514
0.99
+0.54
0
±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J)
2,666
0.58
+0.08
0
±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)
1,892
0.41
+0.14
0
±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE)
536
0.12
New
0
±0
Blank ballots[ a]
7,304
4.47
+1.99
Total
456,866
4
±0
Valid votes
163,440
95.53
–4.01
Invalid votes
7,655
4.47
+4.01
Votes cast / turnout
171,095
68.24
–1.30
Abstentions
79,648
31.76
+1.30
Registered voters
317,352
Sources[ 16]
2008 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 9 March 2008 Senate of Spain election results in Álava
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE))
182,584
39.12
3 ±0
People's Party (PP)
127,361
27.29
1 ±0
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)
94,931
20.34
0
±0
United Left–Greens–Alternative (EB–B)
20,133
4.31
0
±0
Basque Solidarity (EA)
15,402
3.30
0
±0
Aralar (Aralar)
8,354
1.79
0
±0
The Greens (B/LV)
4,719
1.01
0
±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J)
2,342
0.50
0
±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain–Basque Communists (PCPE–EK)
2,146
0.46
0
±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD)
2,079
0.45
0
±0
Anti-Bullfighting Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)
1,238
0.27
0
±0
Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI)
384
0.08
0
±0
Humanist Party (PH)
286
0.06
0
±0
Family and Life Party (PFyV)
266
0.06
0
±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)
103
0.02
0
±0
National Democracy (DN)
97
0.02
0
±0
Carlist Party of the Basque Country –Carlist Party (EKA–PC)
77
0.02
0
±0
Spanish Front (Frente)
55
0.01
0
±0
Spanish Alternative (AES)
44
0.01
0
±0
Carlist Traditionalist Communion (CTC)
40
0.01
0
±0
Blank ballots[ a]
4,100
2.48
Total
466,741
4
±0
Valid votes
165,405
95.94
Invalid votes
7,001
4.06
Votes cast / turnout
172,406
69.54
Abstentions
75,524
30.46
Registered voters
247,930
Sources[ 16]
2004 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 14 March 2004 Senate of Spain election results in Álava
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
Blank ballots[ a]
Total
4
±0
Valid votes
Invalid votes
Votes cast / turnout
Abstentions
Registered voters
Sources[ 16]
2000 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 12 March 2000 Senate of Spain election results in Álava
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
Blank ballots[ a]
Total
4
±0
Valid votes
Invalid votes
Votes cast / turnout
Abstentions
Registered voters
Sources[ 16]
1996 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 3 March 1996 Senate of Spain election results in Álava
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
Blank ballots[ a]
Total
4
±0
Valid votes
Invalid votes
Votes cast / turnout
Abstentions
Registered voters
Sources[ 16]
1993 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 6 June 1993 Senate of Spain election results in Álava
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
Blank ballots[ a]
Total
4
±0
Valid votes
Invalid votes
Votes cast / turnout
Abstentions
Registered voters
Sources[ 16]
1989 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 29 October 1989 Senate of Spain election results in Álava
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
Blank ballots[ a]
Total
4
±0
Valid votes
Invalid votes
Votes cast / turnout
Abstentions
Registered voters
Sources[ 16]
1986 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 22 June 1986 Senate of Spain election results in Álava
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
Socialist Party of the Basque Country (PSE–PSOE)
127,122
33.95
–1.24
3 ±0
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)
77,673
20.74
–1.95
1 ±0
People's Coalition (AP –PDP –PL )1
63,043
16.84
–2.36
0
±0
Popular Unity (HB)
46,326
12.37
+2.40
0
±0
Basque Country Left (EE)
31,124
8.31
+1.32
0
±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)
20,103
5.37
+1.66
0
±0
United Left (IU)
3,204
0.86
New
0
±0
Communist Party of the Basque Country (PCE/EPK)
2,522
0.67
–0.52
0
±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE)
327
0.09
New
0
±0
Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI)
186
0.05
New
0
±0
Blank ballots[ a]
2,845
2.15
+0.56
Total
374,475
4
±0
Valid votes
132,599
95.50
–0.72
Invalid votes
6,241
4.50
+0.72
Votes cast / turnout
138,840
69.80
–11.71
Abstentions
60,084
30.20
+11.71
Registered voters
198,924
Sources[ 16]
1982 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 28 October 1982 Senate of Spain election results in Álava
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
Socialist Party of the Basque Country (PSE–PSOE)
146,175
35.19
+12.63
3 +3
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)
94,222
22.69
–2.63
1 –1
Democratic Coalition (AP –PDP –PDL –UCD )1
79,744
19.20
–12.28
0
–2
Popular Unity (HB)
41,406
9.97
–2.99
0
±0
Basque Country Left–Left for Socialism (EE)
29,037
6.99
New
0
±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)
15,404
3.71
New
0
±0
Communist Party of the Basque Country (PCE/EPK)
4,948
1.19
–2.83
0
±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST)
1,327
0.32
New
0
±0
Proverist Party (PPr)
453
0.11
New
0
±0
Communist Unity Candidacy (CUC)
335
0.08
New
0
±0
Revolutionary Communist League (LKI)
0
0.00
–0.60
0
±0
Socialist Party (PS)2
0
0.00
–0.39
0
±0
Blank ballots
2,288
1.59
+0.35
Total
415,339
4
±0
Valid votes
143,615
96.22
–0.54
Invalid votes
5,641
3.78
+0.54
Votes cast / turnout
149,256
81.51
+13.70
Abstentions
33,853
18.49
–13.70
Registered voters
183,109
Sources[ 16]
1979 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 1 March 1979 Senate of Spain election results in Álava
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD)
83,323
25.70
–6.14
2 +1
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)1
82,094
25.32
n/a 2 ±0
Socialist Party of the Basque Country (PSE–PSOE)1
73,127
22.56
n/a
0
–1
Popular Unity (HB)
42,003
12.96
New
0
±0
Foral Union of the Basque Country (UFPV)2
18,754
5.78
–1.82
0
±0
Communist Party of the Basque Country (PCE/EPK)
13,038
4.02
+1.21
0
±0
National Union (UN)
3,541
1.09
New
0
±0
Revolutionary Communist League (LCR)
1,958
0.60
New
0
±0
Communist Movement –Organization of Communist Left (MC–OIC)
1,875
0.58
New
0
±0
Carlist Party (PC)
1,284
0.40
New
0
±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (historical) (PSOEh)3
1,270
0.39
–5.92
0
±0
Union for the Freedom of Speech (ULE)
515
0.16
New
0
±0
Blank ballots[ a]
1,421
1.24
Total
324,203
4
±0
Valid votes
114,265
96.76
Invalid votes
3,828
3.24
Votes cast / turnout
118,093
67.81
Abstentions
56,052
32.19
Registered voters
174,145
Sources[ 16]
1977 general election [ edit ]
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o The percentage of blank ballots is calculated over the official number of valid votes cast, irrespective of the total number of votes shown as a result of adding up the individual results for each party.
^ "Real Decreto 1210/2024, de 28 de noviembre, por el que se declaran oficiales las cifras de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal referidas al 1 de enero de 2024" . Boletín Oficial del Estado . Retrieved 23 December 2024 .^ a b Law 1/1977 (1977) , trans. prov. 1.^ a b Const. Esp. (1978) , tit. III, ch. I, art. 69.^ Const. Esp. (1978) , tit. VIII, ch. II, art. 141.^ LOREG (1985) , tit. I, ch. I, art. 2.^ RDL 20/1977 (1977) , tit. I, art. 2.^ LOREG (1985) , tit. I, ch. VI, art. 75.^ Reig Pellicer, Naiara (16 December 2015). "Spanish elections: Begging for the right to vote" . cafebabel.co.uk . Retrieved 17 July 2017 . ^ Araque Conde, Pilar (8 June 2022). "El Congreso acaba con el voto rogado: diez años de trabas burocráticas para los residentes en el extranjero" . Público (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 31 July 2022 . ^ RDL 20/1977 (1977) , tit. II, ch. II, art. 19 & 21.^ LOREG (1985) , tit. II, ch. III, art. 162 & 165–166.^ RDL 20/1977 (1977) , tit. III, art. 29.^ RDL 20/1977 (1977) , tit. IV, art. 30–31 & 34.^ LOREG (1985) , tit. I, ch. VI, art. 44 & tit. II, ch. V, art. 169.^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "Elecciones celebradas. Resultados electorales" . Ministry of the Interior . Retrieved 24 December 2024 .^ "Elecciones al Senado 15 de junio de 1977" . Historia Electoral.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 September 2017 .
42°50′N 2°45′W / 42.833°N 2.750°W / 42.833; -2.750
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339,137 (2024)[1]
