Zohreh River

Zohreh River
Sheep crossing the Zohreh River
Location
Country	Iran
Physical characteristics
Source
• location	Zagros
• elevation	2,450 m (8,040 ft)
Mouth	Persian Gulf
• coordinates	30°4′1.1352″N 49°30′34.3584″E
Length	Zohreh–Fahlian 490 km (300 mi)
Basin size	17,150 km2 (6,620 sq mi)
Discharge
• location	Near mouth
• average	(Period: 1971–2000)120.3 m3/s (4,250 cu ft/s)
Basin features
Progression	Persian Gulf
River system	Zohreh River
Tributaries
• left	Fahlian
• right	Tang Shiv, Kheyrabad

Catchment area of Zohreh River (in deep blue)

The Zohre (Persian: رودخانه زهره; zohre translates as 'Venus' ) is a river in southwestern Iran. It is formed at the confluence of the rivers Rudkhaneye-Fekhlian (Fahlian), and Rude-Tenge-Shu (Tang Shiv), which flow from the southern slopes of the Zagros mountains northwest of the city of Nurabad, Fars to the south-west of Yasuj, in the Fars province. The stream rises at an altitude of approximately 2,450 m, and flows in the east–west direction for 490 km (300 mi).

It flows into the Persian Gulf of the Indian Ocean 25 km southwest of Hendijan, in the southeast of Khuzestan, where it forms the Hendijan Delta.

Tributaries

Tributaries of the Zohreh are Fahlian, and Kheyrabad. The catchment area of the Zohreh is about 17,150 km² (6,620 sq mi) of these 14,100 km² (5,400 sq mi) is mountainous. The rest of the catchment consists of plains and mountainous foothills.

Antiquity

In antiquity it was called Arosis (ancient Greek Ἄροσις, Latin Arosis, also Zarotis, Oratis, Oroatis). The river represented the border of the ancient territories of Parsa (Persides), and Susiana.

At the mouth of the river, the fleet of Nearchus (360–300 BC), an associate of Alexander the Great, stopped to rest and to take on water for five days to sail along the shores of Susiana.

The town of Alexandria Carmania was founded by Alexander in January 324 BC after his army had reunited with Nearchus and his men who had beached their boats near the mouth of the Minab River, further down along the south coast of Iran in Hormozgan province.

Archaeology

Cup decorated with three quadrupeds. Proto-Elamite pottery, circa 4000 BCE; from Tepe Djowi in Susa Valley. Louvre Museum. Similar pottery is found in Zohreh area

The Zohreh Prehistoric Project is a long-term archaeological study program launched in 2015, and focusing on the Zohreh River plain. The research continues in the area south of the modern city of Behbahan in Khuzestan province. This area was inhabited at the end of the fifth and beginning of the fourth millennia BC. The principal ancient site being excavated is Tol-e Chega Sofla, also known as Chogha Sofla. Chega Sofla represents the late Middle Susiana to Late Susiana periods of Iran. The C14 dates for Chega Sofla are currently 4,700-3,700 BC.

"Important achievements have been obtained as a result of excavations from 2015 to 2020 by "Zohreh Prehistoric Project (ZPP)" directed by Abbas Moghaddam, which can be identified as a six-thousand-year-old burial tradition with unique tomb architecture, which is the oldest example of using bricks in tombs construction."

To the north, the Behbahan plain, intersected by Marun River, is also a closely associated area.

See also

• Karun River
• List of rivers of Iran
• Helleh River
• Mond River
• Mehran River
• Minab River

Literature

• Birgani, Yaser Tahmasebi (2019-01-18). "Evaluation of Zohreh River Water Quality, Impacted by Natural and Anthropogenic Pollution Sources, Using Multivariate Statistical Techniques". International Journal of Environmental Sciences & Natural Resources. 16 (3). Juniper Publishers. ISSN 2572-1119.
• Moghaddam, Abbas; Miri, Negin (2007). "Archaeological Surveys in the "Eastern Corridor", South-Western Iran". Iran. 45 (1). Informa UK Limited: 23–55. doi:10.1080/05786967.2007.11864717. ISSN 0578-6967.
• Falcon, N.L. (1947). Raised beaches and terraces of the Iranian Makran coast. Geographical Journal, 109, 149–151.
• Gharibreza, M., Habibi, A., Imamjomeh, S.R., & Ashraf, M.A. (2014). Coastal processes and sedimentary facies in the Zohreh River Delta (Northern Persian Gulf). CATENA, 122, 150–158.
• Jamab, E.C. (1999). Iran integrated water plan, Zohreh River watershed. In W. Research (Ed.) Tehran: Ministry of Energy.

External links

• Zohreh River, Zohre, Hendijan Iran Travel Information
• Azarang, Farhang; Bejestan, Mahmood Shafaei; Jafari, Ghazal; Karami, Maryam (2019-06-01). "The application of global experiences in evaluation of mining zone: Case study the Zohreh River". Journal of Water and Land Development. 41 (1). Walter de Gruyter GmbH: 19–30. doi:10.2478/jwld-2019-0023. ISSN 2083-4535.
• Gharibreza, Mohammadreza (2017-04-03). "Late Holocene evolution of the Hendijan Delta (north of the Persian Gulf)". Geology, Ecology, and Landscapes. 1 (2). Informa UK Limited: 71–76. doi:10.1080/24749508.2017.1332846. ISSN 2474-9508.