William St. Clair, 6th Baron of Roslin

William St. Clair
William St. Clair
Baron of Roslin
	Sinclair, Baron of Roslin coat of arms
Successor	Henry St Clair
Died	1297
Noble family	Clan Sinclair
Father	Robert de Saint-Clair
Mother	Eleoner Dreux

William St. Clair, 6th Baron of Roslin (died 1297), was a Scottish nobleman of the late 13th century.

Origins

According to Roland Saint-Clair, writing in the late 19th century, the "best" theory as to the origin of William St. Clair, is that found in the Genealogie of the Sainteclaires of Rosslyn manuscript which was written in 1690 by Father Richard Augustine Hay (1661 – c. 1736).^[1]^[2] According to this manuscript, William St. Clair, was the second son of Robert de Saint-Clair in Normandy who had married Eleoner who, in turn, was the relict of Hugh, Lord of Chateauneuf, and daughter of Robert II, Count of Dreux in France, by Yolande de Coucy.^[1]^[3]^[4] Roland Saint-Clair also stated that Van Bassan's History of the St. Clairs is "considerably at variance with contemporary annals".^[1] The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography and People of Medieval Scotland do not support the parentage of William, stating that William was the son of another William,^[5] and the previous holders of Roslin, were unrelated to the St. Clairs.

Sheriffdoms

According to Bernard Burke, William St. Clair, was made sheriff of the County of Edinburgh for life in 1271,^[1] and this date was also given by historian Will Grant.^[6] However, according to Alexander Nisbet's Memorial of the ancient family of St Clair of Roslin, he became sheriff of the shire of Edinburgh in 1278 which was the 30th year of Alexander III of Scotland.^[7] The Exchequer Rolls of Scotland also show William St. Clair as being sheriff of various shires from 1264 to 1290, including: Haddington (1264–66), Linlithgow (1264), Edinburgh (1266), Dumfries (1288), Edinburgh (1288–90) and Linlithgow (1290).^[1]^[4]

Other offices

Early in 1279 Alexander III, King of Scots appointed William St. Clair as guardian of Alexander, Prince of Scotland who, in turn, was the nephew of Edward I of England.^[8] A charter of 1280 is the first evidence of the St. Clairs' connection with Roslin, and it is not clear if the people who held the property before then were of the same surname.^[1] Around the same time William St. Clair acquired the Knights Templar lands of Gourton from Walter fitz Stephen de Meliville. William St. Clair sat in the Scots Parliament at Scone on 5 February 1283–84. In 1285, William St. Clair was one of the members of the Scottish embassy to France that was tasked with escorting back the queen-elect, Yolande of Dreux, daughter of Robert IV, Count of Dreux and Beatrix, only daughter of John, Count of Monfort.^[1] William is also known to have been, in 1290, acting as justiciar of Galloway.^[9]

Wars of Scottish Independence

In 1291, William St. Clair was appointed to take fealties in Galloway and in 1292, he was ordered by Edward I of England to take the fealty of the Bishop of Whithorn and Galloway.^[1] Later in 1292, William St. Clair appears as the witness to a charter by John, Abbot of Newbattle in favor of William Bisset. He was also a supporter of John Balliol as competitor for the Scottish Crown and was present at Newcastle upon Tyne when Balliol swore fealty to King Edward. However, according to Patrick Fraser Tytler, William St. Clair was among the Scots who defeated the English at the Siege of Dunbar in 1296, but also that the Scots were soon after defeated by the English at the Battle of Dunbar in 1296 where many of them were taken prisoner.^[10] They were later permitted to support Edward I of England in his wars in France, as hostages, but Rotuli Scotiae shows that Sir William de St. Clair was among those who were sent as prisoners to the Tower of London.^[1]^[4]^[11] The History of the St. Clairs states that he was also one of the victorious leaders at the Battle of Roslin in 1302 or 1303 where the English were defeated.^[1]

Family

William St. Clair, may have been "the Seemly St. Clair" who married Agnes, daughter of Patrick Dunbar, Earl of March. On 7 April 1299, Edward I of England issued two years' protection for Amicia, widow of William de St. Clair, dwelling by the king's leave in the county of Edinburgh. William St. Clair is known to have left the following children:^[1]^[5]

Sir Henry Sinclair, 2nd Baron of Roslin (heir and successor)
William Sinclair, who was the Bishop of Dunkeld and the King's Bishop
Gregory Sinclair,^[5] ancestor of the Sinclairs of Longformacus^[9]
Annabel Sinclair, who married, firstly, Robert Bisset^[5] and, secondly, Sir David Wemyss

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Saint-Clair, Roland William (1898). The Saint-Clairs of the Isles; being a history of the sea-kings of Orkney and their Scottish successors of the sirname of Sinclair. Auckland, New Zealand: H. Brett. pp. 278–284. Retrieved 23 May 2021. Burke, Nisbet, Van Bassan, Hay and Tytler
^ "Genealogie of the Sainteclaires of Rosslyn". sinclairgenealogy.info. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
^ Hay, Richard Augustine; Maidment, James (1835) [Printed from original manuscript of 1690]. Genealogie of the Sainteclaires of Rosslyn. 87 Princes Street, Edinburgh: T. G. Stevenson. p. 34. Retrieved 23 May 2021.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
^ ^a ^b ^c Paul, James Balfour (1909). The Scots Peerage : Founded on Wood's ed. of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland; containing an historical and genealogical account of the nobility of that kingdom. Vol. VI. Edinburgh: David Douglas. p. 564-565. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "People of Medieval Scotland - William Sinclair (d.1299×1303)". poms.ac.uk. Retrieved 21 May 2021.
^ Grant, Will. Rosslyn: The Chapel, Castle and Scenic Lore. Kirkcaldy: Dysart & Rosslyn Estates. p. 11. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
^ Nisbet, Alexander (1816). A System of Heraldry. Vol. II. Princes Street, Edinburgh and New Bond Street, London: William Blackwood and Rodwell & Martin. p. 163. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
^ Reid, Norman H. (2019). Alexander III, 1249 - 1286: First Among Equals. Edinburgh: John Donald Publishers. p. 254. ISBN 978-1-910900-38-3.
^ ^a ^b This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: "Sinclair, William (fl.1266-1303)". Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
^ Tytler, Patrick Fraser; Eadie, John; Alison, Archibald (1877). Tytler's History of Scotland. Vol. 1. 68 Ludgate Hill, London, 43 Howard Street, Glasgow and 59 South Bridge, Edinburgh: William Mackenzie. p. 91. Retrieved 23 May 2021.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
^ Rotuli Scotiae in Turri Londensi Et in Domo Capitulari Westmonasteriensi Asservati: Edwardi I. Edwardi II. Edwardi III.-v.2.Ric. II. Hen. IV. V. VI. Ed. IV. Ric. III. Hen. VII. VIII. Vol. 1. Great Britain: Record Commission - Printed by Command of His Majesty George III of Great Britain In Pursuance of an Address of The House of Commons of Great Britain. 1814 [Printed from original manuscripts of 1291-1377]. pp. 44–47. Retrieved 23 May 2021.