SMS Goeben was the second of two Moltke-classbattlecruisers of the Imperial German Navy, launched in 1911 and named after the German Franco-Prussian War veteran General August Karl von Goeben. Compared to their British rivals in the Indefatigable class, Goeben and her sister ship were significantly larger and better armored. After her commissioning, Goeben, with the light cruiserBreslau, patrolled the Mediterranean during the Balkan Wars. After the outbreak of World War I on 28 July 1914, Goeben and Breslau evaded British naval forces and reached Constantinople. The two ships were transferred to the Ottoman Empire on 16 August 1914, and Goeben became the flagship of the Ottoman Navy as Yavuz Sultan Selim. By bombarding Russian facilities in the Black Sea, she brought Turkey into World War I on the German side. In later service, she carried the remains of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk from Istanbul to İzmit in 1938. She was decommissioned in 1950 and scrapped in 1973, after the West German government declined to buy her back. She was the last surviving ship built by the Imperial German Navy, and the longest-serving battlecruiser or dreadnought-type ship in any navy. (Full article...)
1866 – At the age of 18, Vinnie Ream(pictured) became the first and youngest female artist to receive a commission from the United States government for a statue—that of Abraham Lincoln in the U.S. Capitol rotunda.
1976 – An earthquake measuring at least 8.2 on the Richter scale, one of the deadliest in history, flattened Tangshan, China, killing at least 240,000 people.
The majority of species in Armillaria, a genus of fungi commonly known as honey mushrooms, are saprotrophic and live mainly on dead wood, but some are parasites that can cause root and butt rot in over 600 species of woody plants. Some Armillaria species, such as A. gallica(pictured), A. mellea, and A. tabescens, are bioluminescent. The genus once served as a wastebasket taxon; due largely to differing interpretations on the limits of the genus, over 270 species and varieties have been placed in Armillaria. A comprehensive 1995 study by Tom Volk and Harold Burdsall evaluated all of the epithets that have been used in Armillaria. They determined that about 40 species belong to Armillariasensu stricto; the remaining names belong to species that are distributed among 43 other modern fungal genera. Many species are difficult or impossible to distinguish from each other using observable characteristics. (Full list...)
According to Islamic tradition, Muhammad was transported from the Sacred Mosque in Mecca to al-Aqsa during the Night Journey. This tradition holds that Muhammad led prayers towards this site until the seventeenth month after the emigration, when God directed him to turn towards the Kaaba.
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