White voice
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White voice (Ukrainian: білий голос, romanized: bilyi holos, Polish: biały głos, Russian: белый голос, romanized: bielyi golos) or white singing (Ukrainian: білий спів, romanized: bilyi spiv, Polish: biały śpiew, Russian: белое пение, romanized: bieloye peniye) is a contemporary name, used usually in Eastern Europe, for a traditional singing style. Alternative names for the traditional folk technique of singing are: open voice, full voice, natural voice.
Technique
[edit]The technique is based on an open throat and free volume with a bright color. It spans all vocal registers. Sometimes it is close to a controlled screaming or calling. Air escapes through the fully open throat. The upper and medium resonators, laryngeal cartilage, bones and air cavities in the head and throat are used. A characteristic feature of this kind of voice is its brightness, clarity (not in the meaning of voice color)[clarification needed] or intensity. Although breathing can be taken at random moments of a song, it is a very important underlining expression.[clarification needed] Nowadays, a "revival" of folk singing made this style universal, equal and de facto flat. Field work shows that the style is more complex than just singing "on nose" and loud.[1] It depends mainly on the country/region, speech, voice color, sound, solo or polyphonic singing and individual expression of a singer.
Occasions
[edit]It had been practiced since ancient times among the rural population in Central and Eastern Europe. Loud and clear singing originates from practicing in the open air while working in the field. Loud singing also depends on singing with instrumental accompaniment. The singer's voice has to "strike" the music to be heard. Eastern researchers are also of the opinion that a long unison and loud, strong voice was believed to have magical powers in traditional cultures.[2]
The white voice has been used during such rites of passage as baptism, weddings, burials and annual rituals bound to rural year, khorovodes,[3] in large gatherings and in small spaces.
Best known contemporary bands that continue that style of singing (but are not based in villages and comprise rather typical modern city singers) are: Go_A, Drevo, and DakhaBrakha from Ukraine,[4] The Bulgarian Voices Angelite,[5] Svetlana Spajić from Serbia, Trys Keturiose from Lithuania that sing sutartinės, Południce and Tulia from Poland, Narodnyj Prazdnik (Народний Праздник) from Russia and Guda from Belarus.
Geography
[edit]In Ukraine, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, Russia, Poland, Serbia, Croatia and Bulgaria white voice takes part in polyphonic singing. In Czechia, Slovakia and Poland they use voice monophony.[citation needed]
References
[edit]- ^ T. Rokosz, Od folkloru do folku. Metamorfozy pieśni tradycyjnych we współczesnej kulturze, Siedlce 2009, s. 144
- ^ "Пісенність Полісся | Полісся".
- ^ Bithell, Caroline; Hill, Juniper (2014-06-26). The Oxford Handbook of Music Revival. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199384921.
- ^ "Music of Ukraine".
- ^ "Bulgarian Voices Angelite – Bulgaria".