Vernonia noveboracensis
| Vernonia noveboracensis | |
|---|---|
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| Closeup of flowers | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Genus: | Vernonia |
| Species: | V. noveboracensis
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| Binomial name | |
| Vernonia noveboracensis | |
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| Natural range in North America | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
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Vernonia noveboracensis, the New York ironweed[3] or vein-leaf hawkweed, is a plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to the eastern United States, from Florida to Massachusetts and west to Tennessee, Alabama, and West Virginia and to southern Ontario.[4]
Description
[edit]Vernonia noveboracensis is a herbaceous plant with alternate, simple leaves, on stiff, greenish purple stems. It grows approximately 6 feet tall. The flowers are purple, borne in summer and fall.[5] Ironweed is an herbaceous clumping perennial that will spread by seed. Ironweed can be an aggressive in moist soils.[6] Vernonia noveboracensis has longer stems than other plants in the same genus like Vernonia acaulis.[7] The color of the seed is brown. It grows with multiple stems and at a moderate rate.[3] It is a deciduous plant.[8] The main flower of this plant is made up of florets. The floret clusters are small and compact. Vernonia noveboracensis has a small fruit called an achene that is covered in bristles which allow them to be dispersed by the wind.[9] It takes Vernonia noveboracensis two to five years to reach its maximum height. It can grow through chalk, clay, and loam dirt with pH level.[10]
Ecology
[edit]Vernonia noveboracensis blooms in August and grows in wetlands and moist soils.[11] Veronia noveboracensis is classified as FAC+ (wetland indicator status).[12] The active growth period is during the summer. The lowest temperature it can survive in is -33° F.[3] Vernonia noveboracensis competes through its early season growth and tall stem height.[13] Vernonia noveboracensis is not known to be an invasive species. A hard stem also allows the plant to withstand windy conditions.[14] The species is not toxic.[3] This plant attracts butterflies, birds, and other insects but it is resistant to deer.[15]
Uses
[edit]Dihydromikanolide is a sesquiterpene lactone that is found in Vernonia noveboracensis which is good for infections.[16] Native Americans use the leaves of the Vernonia noveboracensis to make a tea that relieves labor pain used as a blood tonic. The roots of the plants were also made into teas that relieved stomach ulcers and tooth pain.[17]
References
[edit]- ^ NatureServe (6 December 2024). "Vernonia noveboracensis". NatureServe Explorer. Arlington, Virginia. Retrieved 11 December 2024.
- ^ a b "Vernonia noveboracensis (L.) Michx". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 11 December 2024.
- ^ a b c d NRCS. "Vernonia noveboracensis". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 23 October 2024.
- ^ "Vernonia noveboracensis". Flora of North America.
- ^ Blanchan, Neltje (2005). Wild Flowers Worth Knowing. Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.
- ^ Martin, Alexander C. (1972). Weeds. Racine, Wisconsin: Western Publishing Company. p. 116.
- ^ Jones Jr, Samuel B. "Hybridization of Vernonia acaulis and V. noveboracensis (Compositae) in the Piedmont of North Carolina." Castanea (1972): 244-253.
- ^ "Vernonia noveboracensis (Ironweed, New York Ironweed, Tall Ironweed) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox". plants.ces.ncsu.edu. Retrieved 2024-10-25.
- ^ "Vernonia (Ironweed)". Gardenia Creating Gardens. 2024. Retrieved October 25, 2024.
- ^ "Vernonia noveboracensis | New York ironweed Herbaceous Perennial/RHS". www.rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 2024-10-25.
- ^ Jones, Samuel B. "Synopsis and pollen morphology of Vernonia (Compositae: Vernonieae) in the New World." Rhodora 81.828 (1979): 425-447
- ^ Edwards, Tiffany (May 2012). "Long-term changes in community composition and exotic species invasion in a restored wetland in North Carolina". Doctoral dissertation, Duke University: 10.
- ^ Jones, Samuel B (December 1972). "Hybridization of Vernonia acaulis and V. noveboracensis (Compositae) in the Piedmont of North Carolina". Splachnum ampullaceum in West Virginia. 37 (4): 251.
- ^ "Vernonia (Ironweed)". Gardenia Creating Gardens. 2024. Retrieved October 25, 2024.
- ^ "Vernonia noveboracensis | Chicago Botanic Garden". www.chicagobotanic.org. Retrieved 2024-10-25.
- ^ Dweck, Anthony C. (2003). "Natural Preservatives" (PDF). natural preservatives.doc: 11.
- ^ "New York Ironweed (Vernonia noveboracensis)". Prince William Wildflower Society. Retrieved 2024-10-25.
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