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Ustyuzhna

Coordinates: 58°50′N 36°26′E / 58.833°N 36.433°E / 58.833; 36.433
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Ustyuzhna
Устюжна
Town[1]
The Church of Our Lady of Kazan (beginning of the 18th century)
The Church of Our Lady of Kazan (beginning of the 18th century)
Coat of arms of Ustyuzhna and Ustyuzhensky District
Coat of arms
Location of Ustyuzhna
Map
Ustyuzhna is located in Russia
Ustyuzhna
Ustyuzhna
Location of Ustyuzhna
Ustyuzhna is located in Vologda Oblast
Ustyuzhna
Ustyuzhna
Ustyuzhna (Vologda Oblast)
Coordinates: 58°50′N 36°26′E / 58.833°N 36.433°E / 58.833; 36.433
CountryRussia
Federal subjectVologda Oblast[1]
Administrative districtUstyuzhensky District[1]
Town of district significanceUstyuzhna[2]
First mentioned1252[3]
Elevation
120 m (390 ft)
Population
 (2010 Census)[4]
 • Total
9,501
 • Capital ofUstyuzhensky District,[1] town of district significance of Ustyuzhna[2]
 • Municipal districtUstyuzhensky Municipal District[5]
 • Urban settlementUstyuzhna Urban Settlement[5]
 • Capital ofUstyuzhensky Municipal District,[5] Ustyuzhna Urban Settlement[5]
Time zoneUTC+3 (MSK Edit this on Wikidata[6])
Postal code(s)[7]
162840
OKTMO ID19650101001

Ustyuzhna (Russian: У́стюжна) is a town and the administrative center of Ustyuzhensky District in Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the Mologa River, 260 kilometers (160 mi) west of Vologda, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 9,501 (2010 Census);[4] 10,507 (2002 Census);[8] 10,035 (1989 Soviet census).[9]

History

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Torgovaya Square at the beginning of XX century

Considered to have been founded in the 11th century, it was first mentioned, as Zhelezny Ustyug (Железный Устюг), in 1252, and in the following centuries was called variously Ustyuzhna Zheleznopolskaya,[3] Ustizhna, Ustizhnya, Ustyuzhnya, and Yustyzhnya.[citation needed] In the 16th–18th centuries it was known mostly as Ustyuzhna-Zheleznaya or Ustyuzhna-Zheleznopolskaya, but since 1808 it had mostly been referred to by its modern name.[citation needed] The origin of the name is unclear, though it may be related to that of Ustyug.[10]

In 1252, Ustyuzhna was a part of the Principality of Uglich.[3] It was situated on the shortest route from Novgorod to the basin of the Northern Dvina, which caused an interest of the Novgorod Republic.[citation needed] In the 14th century, Novgorod made several attempts to establish control over the town.[3] During the Time of Troubles, the Polish Army laid a siege on Ustyuzhna, but did not manage to conquer the town.[3] In the 16th and 17th centuries, the territory became one of the most important centers of metal production in Russia, second only to Tula.[3] Between 1702 and 1714, Izhinsky iron-making plant, built by the Admiralty, existed in Ustyuzhna, making it a major producer of arms.[3]

In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, Ustyuzhna was included into Ingermanland Governorate (known since 1710 as Saint Petersburg Governorate) and named one of the towns constituting the governorate.[11] In 1727, separate Novgorod Governorate was split off, which included Ustyuzhna as a part of its Belozersk Province.[12] In 1738, Ustyuzhna was chartered and became the seat of Ustyuzhensky Uyezd.[3] In 1776, the uyezd was transferred to Novgorod Viceroyalty.[3] In 1796, the viceroyalty was abolished and Ustyuzhensky Uyezd was transferred to Novgorod Governorate.[3]

In June 1918, five uyezds of Novgorod Governorate, including Ustyuzhensky Uyezd, were split off to form Cherepovets Governorate, with the administrative center in Cherepovets.[13] On August 1, 1927, Cherepovets Governorate was abolished and its territory became Cherepovets Okrug of Leningrad Oblast.[13] At the same time, uyezds were abolished and Ustyuzhensky District was established, with the administrative center in Ustyuzhna.[13] On September 23, 1937, Ustyuzhensky District was transferred to newly established Vologda Oblast and remained there ever since.[13]

Administrative and municipal status

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Within the framework of administrative divisions, Ustyuzhna serves as the administrative center of Ustyuzhensky District and of Ustyuzhensky Selsoviet of that district, even though it is not a part of the latter.[1] As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Ustyuzhensky District as the town of district significance of Ustyuzhna.[2] As a municipal division, the town of district significance of Ustyuzhna is incorporated within Ustyuzhensky Municipal District as Ustyuzhna Urban Settlement and serves as the administrative center of the municipal district, urban settlement, and of Ustyuzhenskoye Rural Settlement, even though it is not a part of the latter.[5]

Economy

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Industry

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The main industrial enterprise in Ustyuzhna is a cheese production factory.[14]

Transportation

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A114 Highway, connecting Vologda to Cherepovets and St. Petersburg, passes north of Ustyuzhna. There is a road connecting Ustyuzhna with the highway. Ustyuzhna is also connected by roads with Tver via Vesyegonsk, with Bezhetsk via Sandovo, and with Borovichi via Pestovo. There are also local roads.

The closest railway station is located in Sandovo.

Culture and recreation

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Wayside cross dedicated to defenders from the Polish–Lithuanian army

Ustyuzhna contains thirty-nine objects classified as cultural and historical heritage by Russian federal law and additionally ninety-seven objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local importance.[15] Ustyuzhna is a historical town with the well-preserved center from the 19th century.

The Ustyuzhensky District Museum is located in Ustyuzhna.[16]

It is believed that the plot of The Government Inspector, a comedy by Russian playwright Nikolai Gogol, is based on the real story which took place in Ustyuzhna in the beginning of the 19th century.[17]

References

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Notes

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  1. ^ a b c d e f Resolution #178
  2. ^ a b c Law #371-OZ
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Н. В. Солдатова (2006). Г. В. Судаков (ed.). Вологодская энциклопедия (PDF) (in Russian). Вологда: ВГПУ, Русь. pp. 488–489. ISBN 5-87822-305-8. Retrieved November 27, 2013.
  4. ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Law #1126-OD
  6. ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
  7. ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
  8. ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
  9. ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
  10. ^ Е. М. Поспелов. "Географические названия мира", стр. 436
  11. ^ Указ об учреждении губерний и о росписании к ним городов (in Russian)
  12. ^ Снытко, О. В.; et al. (2009). С .Д. Трифонов; Т. Б. Чуйкова; Л. В. Федина; А. Э. Дубоносова (eds.). Административно-территориальное деление Новгородской губернии и области 1727-1995 гг. Справочник (PDF) (in Russian). Saint Petersburg. pp. 16–22. Retrieved November 27, 2013.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  13. ^ a b c d Справка об изменениях административно-территориального устройства и сети партийных и комсомольских органов на территории Вологодской области (1917–1991) (in Russian). Архивы России. Retrieved November 27, 2013.
  14. ^ Энциклопедия Города России. Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 2003. p. 497. ISBN 5-7107-7399-9.
  15. ^ Памятники истории и культуры народов Российской Федерации (in Russian). Russian Ministry of Culture. Retrieved June 2, 2016.
  16. ^ Устюженский краеведческий музей (in Russian). Российская сеть культурного наследия. Retrieved November 27, 2013.
  17. ^ Осипов, Г. (2009). Ревизор на Мологе: Поможет ли Николай Васильевич возродиться Устюжне?. Культура (in Russian). 13. Retrieved November 27, 2013.

Sources

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  • Законодательное Собрание Вологодской области. Закон №371-ОЗ от 4 июня 1999 г. «О вопросах административно-территориального устройства Вологодской области», в ред. Закона №2916-ОЗ от 7 декабря 2012 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон области "О вопросах административно-территориального устройства Вологодской области"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Красный Север", №124–125, 29 июля 1999 г. (Legislative Assembly of Vologda Oblast. Law #371-OZ of June 4, 1999 On the Matters of the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Vologda Oblast, as amended by the Law #2916-OZ of December 7, 2012 On Amending the Oblast Law "On the Matters of the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Vologda Oblast". Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
  • Правительство Вологодской области. Постановление №178 от 1 марта 2010 г. «Об утверждении реестра административно-территориальных единиц Вологодской области», в ред. Постановления №686 от 25 июня 2012 г. «О внесении изменений в некоторые Постановления Правительства области». Вступил в силу 20 марта 2010 г. Опубликован: "Красный Север", №29, 20 марта 2010 г. (Government of Vologda Oblast. Resolution #178 of March 1, 2010 On Adopting the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Units of Vologda Oblast, as amended by the Resolution #686 of June 25, 2012 On Amending Various Resolutions of the Oblast Government. Effective as of March 20, 2010.).
  • Законодательное Собрание Вологодской области. Закон №1126-ОЗ от 6 декабря 2004 г. «Об установлении границ Устюженского муниципального района, границах и статусе муниципальных образований, входящих в его состав», в ред. Закона №2809-ОЗ от 5 июля 2012 г. «О внесении изменений в отдельные Законы области, устанавливающие границы и статус муниципальных образований области». Вступил в силу через 10 дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Красный Север", №242, 11 декабря 2004 г. (Legislative Assembly of Vologda Oblast. Law #1126-OZ of December 6, 2004 On Establishing the Borders of Ustyuzhensky Municipal District, on the Borders and Status of the Municipal Formations It Comprises, as amended by the Law #2809-OZ of July 5, 2012 On Amending Various Laws of the Oblast, Establishing the Borders and the Status of the Municipal Formations of the Oblast. Effective as of after 10 days from the day of the official publication.).
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