User:Xyl 54/Sandbox 2
Sandbox 2
Page History
[edit]| Title | Written | Posted | Deleted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Atlantic U-boat campaign WWI | Aug 2009 | Aug 2009 | Aug 2009 (reduced to refs) |
| Regenbogen (1945) | Oct 09-Jan10 | Jan 2010 | Aug 2010 (reduced to Conclusion, Tables) |
| Regenbogen (1943) | Dec09-Jan 10 | Jan 2010 | Aug 2010 (reduced to refs) |
| May massacre | Jan 2020 | - | - |
| Q-ships | Aug 2010 | - | - |
- Kemp, Paul (1997). U-Boats Destroyed. London: Arms and Armour. ISBN 1854095153.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthor=(help) - Grey, Edwyn (1972). The Killing Time: The U-boat war, 1914–18. London: Seeley. ISBN 0854220704.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthor=(help) - Halpern, Paul (1995). A Naval History of World War I. New York: Routledge. ISBN 1857284984.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthor=(help) - Messimer, Dwight (2001). Find and Destroy : Antisubmarine Warfare in World War I. Annapolis: Naval Institute. ISBN 1557504474.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthor=(help) - Tarrant, V.E. (1989). The U-Boat Offensive 1914–1945. London: Arms and Armour. ISBN 0853689288.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthor=(help)
Operation Regenbogen (1945)
[edit](Link: Operation Regenbogen (U-boat))
Regenbogen was the code name for the planned mass scuttling of the German U-boat fleet, to avoid surrender, at the end of World War II.
Conclusion
[edit]Certainly by 1am on 5 May at least 76 boats had already been wrecked, about half the total. On 5th May, and subsequently, another 89 were wrecked/scuttled, all in North German ports.
Neistle gives the total of U-boats scuttled as 195, of which half were destroyed before, and half after, the Regenbogen order was given. Of the boats destroyed, all but 11/184 were Home-based/non-operational "Home" boats in North German ports. [1] 11 were Front boats, including/and these include those fatally damaged in the May massacre and subsequently scuttled by their crews.
On 8 May 1945 the surviving U-boats were surrendered to the Allied navies, either at sea or at their operational bases in Norway and on the North Sea coast, ending the German navy's war at sea.
Tables
[edit]U-Boats scuttled in May 1945
1st May 1945[edit]
|
2nd May 1945[edit]
|
3rd May 1945[edit]
|
4th May 1945[edit]
|
5th May 1945IBaltic)[edit]
|
5th May 1945(North Sea)[edit]
|
7th May 1945
[edit]| Date | U-Boat[16] | Location[17] |
|---|---|---|
| 7 May 1945 | U-1406 | Cuxhaven |
| U-1407 | " |
Notes
[edit]- ^ Neistle p 202
- ^ Neistle p
- ^ Blair p
- ^ Neistle p
- ^ Blair p
- ^ Neistle p198
- ^ Blair p815-7
- ^ Neistle; listed in Kemp (p257) as destroyed in an air attack east of Samsø
- ^ Neistle, Blair; listed in Kemp (p258) as destroyed in an air atack in the Great Belt.
- ^ Neistle p199
- ^ Blair p815-7
- ^ Neistle p199
- ^ Blair p815-7
- ^ Neistle p199
- ^ Blair p815-7
- ^ Neistle p199
- ^ Blair p815-7
References
[edit]- Clay Blair : Hitler’s U-Boat War Vol II (1998) ISBN 0-304-35261-7 Parameter error in {{ISBN}}: checksum
- Dan van der Vat : The Atlantic Campaign (1988).ISBN 0 340 37751 8
- .Paul Kemp : U-Boats Destroyed ( 1997) . ISBN 1 85409 515 3
- Axel Neistle : German U-Boat Losses during World War II (1998). ISBN 1 85367 352 8
- Stephen Roskill : The War at Sea 1939-1945 Vol III, pt 2 (1960).ISBN (none)
- VE Tarrant : The Last Year of the Kriegsmarine (1994) ISBN 1 85409 176 X
[[Category:
Operation Regenbogen (1942)
[edit](Link: Operation Regenbogen (Arctic))
Operation Regenbogen (Ger: "Rainbow") was the sortie into the Arctic Ocean by the German warship units of the German navy during World War II.
This operation culminated in the Battle of the Barents Sea
References
[edit]- Clay Blair : Hitler’s U-Boat War Vol II (1998) ISBN 0-304-35261-6 (p 153-155
- Stephen Roskill : The War at Sea 1939-1945 Vol II (1956).ISBN (none) (p 291-298
- B B Schofield : The Russian Convoys (1964) ISBN (none)
[[Category:Naval battles and operations of World War II (European theatre)
May massacre
[edit]As the Allied armies closed in on the submarine/U-boat bases in North Germany, many boats were scuttled to avoid capture; those that were of use/most value?serviceable fled to Norway, resulting in a massacre by Allied Air Forces.
23 boats were sunk in the Baltic, while attempting this journey in the first week in May. while in the same period .. boats were scuttled to avoid capture.[1][2][3]
Books
[edit]- Blair p.676
- Price p.220-221
- Roskill p.300-301
Table
[edit]| Date | U-boat | Type | Location[4] | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1 May 1945 | U-398 | VIIC | North Sea, unknown location | disappeared (? outside article parameter)[5] [6]) |
| 2 May 1945 | U-1007 | VIIC41 | Baltic, off Lubeck 53°54′N 11°28′E / 53.900°N 11.467°E |
annon, rocket attack by Typhoons of 245 Sqdn.[7] [8] |
| 2 May 1945 | U-2359 | XXIII | Kattegat {{coord (x) |
rocket attack by Banff Wing Mosquitos on two Type XXIII U-boats; one damaged, U-2359 sunk[9] [10] |
| 3 May 1945 | U-2503 | XXI | -Baltic, N of Fyn I. 55°37′N 0°00′E / 55.617°N 0.000°E |
Rocket, cannon attack by Beaufighters of 236, 254 Sqdns: U-boat beached; abandoned/scuttled[11] [12] |
| 3 May 1945 | U-1210 | VIIC | Eckernforde Bay 54°26′N 09°34′E / 54.433°N 9.567°E |
Air attack by Typhoons of 175, 184, 245 Sqdns, sank 3 and damaged 2 U-boats in sweeps across the Kattegat[13] [14] |
| 3 May 1945 | U-2540 | XXI | Great Belt {{coord (X) |
air attack, as U-1210; damaged and later scuttled. Raised 1947 as Wilhelm Bauer[15] [16] |
| 3 May 1945 | U-3030 | XXI | Baltic, E of Fredericke 55°30′N 10°00′E / 55.500°N 10.000°E |
air attack, as U-1210; destroyed [17] [18] |
| 3 May 1945 | U-3032 | XXI | Baltic, E of Fredericke 55°30′N 10°00′E / 55.500°N 10.000°E |
air attack, as U-1210; destroyed [19] [20] |
| 3 May 1945 | U-2524 | XXI | Baltic, E of Samso (x) | Rocket, cannon attack by Beaufighters of 236, 254 Sqdns[21] [22] |
| 3 May 1945 | U-3028 | XXI | Great Belt (x) | air attack[23] [24] |
| (4 May 1945 | U-711 | VIIC | Harstad (x) | air attack (Operation Judgement. (? outside article parameter)[25] [26]) |
| 4 May 1945 | U-236 | VIIC | Baltic, N of Fyn I. 54°37′N 10°03′E / 54.617°N 10.050°E |
air attack; as U-2338[27] [28] |
| 4 May 1945 | U-393 | VIIC | Baltic, N of Fyn I. 55°37′N 10°00′E / 55.617°N 10.000°E |
air attack; as U-2338[29] [30] |
| 4 May 1945 | U-2338 | XXIII | Baltic, N of Fyn I. 55°54′N 09°49′E / 55.900°N 9.817°E |
Rocket, cannon attack by Beaufighters of 236, 254 Sqdns on three U-boats in Baltic. All destroyed[31] [32] |
| 5 May 1945 | U-534 | IXC40 | Kattegat, N of Helsingor 56°39′N 11°48′E / 56.650°N 11.800°E |
air attack by Libs E/547 and G/86 Sqdns on three U-boats; U-534 sunk. Raised; now in museum at Liverpool[33] [34] |
| 5 May 1945 | U-579 | VIIC | Baltic, Little Belt 56°11′N 11°08′E / 56.183°N 11.133°E |
air attack, Lib K/547 Sqdn. Originally credited to Lib T/224 Sqdn; that attack damaged U-1008/[35] [36] |
| (5 May 1945 | U-2367 | XXIII | Baltic, Great Belt 55°00′N 11°00′E / 55.000°N 11.000°E |
collision with unknown U-boat. Raised as Hecht[37] [38]) |
| 5 May 1945 | U-2365 | XXIII | Kattegat {{coord (x) |
air attack, Lib S/224 Sqdn; damaged and scuttled. Raised as Hai[39] [40] |
| 5 May 1945 | U-2521 | XXI | Baltic, SE of Aarhus {{coord (x) |
air attack, ?Lib K/547Sqdn[41] [42] |
| 5 May 1945 | U-3523 | XXI | Baltic, SE of Aarhus 56°06′N 11°08′E / 56.100°N 11.133°E |
D/c by Lib G/86 Sqdn[43] [44] |
| ( 6 May 1945 | U-853 U-881 |
IXC/40 IXC/40 |
destroyed off US east coast western N Atlantic |
last actions of USN in Battle of the Atlantic.[45] [46] ) |
| 6 May 1945 | U-1008 | VIIC41 | Skagerrak 56°22′N 11°10′E / 56.367°N 11.167°E |
Air attack; damaged by Lib T /224 Sqdn(K p.259); credited to Lib K/86 Sqdn[47] [48] |
| 6 May 1945 | U-2534 | XXI | Baltic, Kattegat 57°08′N 11°32′E / 57.133°N 11.533°E |
Air attack by Lib K/86 Sqdn[49] [50] |
| 6/8 May 1945 | U-3503 | XXI | Baltic, nr Gothenburg {{coord (x) |
air attack 6th by Lib K/86 Sqdn, scuttled 8th[51] [52] |
| (7 May 1945 | U-320 | VIIC | Norwegian Sea (x) | d/c by Catalina of /210 Sqdn; last action of Battle of the Atlantic.[53] [54] ) |
| 9 May 1945 | U-2538 | XXI | Marstal, SW of Aero I. 54°34′N 10°16′E / 54.567°N 10.267°E |
mined, beached , abandoned[55] [56] |
Table 2
[edit](source: Niestle p.198-199)
| Date | U-boat | Type | Cause of loss | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 May 1945 | U-1007 | VIIC/41 | AL | . |
| 2 May 1945 | U-2359 | XXIII | AL | . |
| 3 May 1945 | U-1210 | XXI | AL | . |
| 3 May 1945 | U-3012 | XXI | AL | (ubt.net has scuttled off Fehmarn; not listed by Kemp, Tarrant) |
| 3 May 1945 | U-3032 | XXI | AL | . |
| 3 May 1945 | U-2524 | XXI | SC | . |
| 3 May 1945 | U-3028 | XXI | SC | . |
| 3 May 1945 | U-2534 | XXI | SC | . |
| 4 May 1945 | U-2503 | XXI | AL | . |
| 4 May 1945 | U-2540 | XXI | SC | . |
| 4 May 1945 | U-711 | VIIC | AS | . |
| 4 May 1945 | U-2338 | XXIII | AL | . |
| 4 May 1945 | U-2521 | XXI | AL | . |
| 5 May 1945 | U-236 | VIIC | SC | . |
| 5 May 1945 | U-393 | VIIC | SC | . |
| 5 May 1945 | U-534 | IXC40 | AL | . |
| 5 May 1945 | U-579 | VIIC | AL | . |
| 6 May 1945 | U- 3523 | XXI | AL | . |
| 6 May 1945 | U-853 | IXC40 | S | . |
| 6 May 1945 | U-881 | IXC40 | S | . |
| 6 May 1945 | U-1008 | VIIC41 | SC | . |
| 8 May 1945 | U-3030 | XXI | SC | . |
| 8 May 1945 | U-2365 | XXIII | SC | . |
| 8 May 1945 | U-3503 | XXI | SC | . |
| 8 May 1945 | U-320 | VIIC | AL | . |
| 8 May 1945 | U-2538 | XXI | SC | . |
| 9 May 1945 | U-2367 | XXIII | SC | . |
Notes
[edit]- ^ Blair p.676
- ^ Price p.220-221
- ^ Roskill p.300-301
- ^ Locations per Kemp; other sources may differ
- ^ Kemp p. 256
- ^ Niestle p.
- ^ Kemp p. 256
- ^ Niestle p.
- ^ Kemp p. 256
- ^ Niestle p.
- ^ Kemp p. 256
- ^ Niestle p.
- ^ Kemp p. 257
- ^ Niestle p.
- ^ Kemp p. 257
- ^ Niestle p.
- ^ Kemp p. 257
- ^ Niestle p.
- ^ Kemp p. 257
- ^ Niestle p.
- ^ Kemp p. 257
- ^ Niestle p.
- ^ Kemp p. 257-8
- ^ Niestle p.
- ^ Kemp p. 258
- ^ Niestle p.
- ^ Kemp p. 258
- ^ Niestle p.
- ^ Kemp p. 258
- ^ Niestle p.
- ^ Kemp p. 258
- ^ Niestle p.
- ^ Kemp p. 258-9
- ^ Niestle p.
- ^ Kemp p. 259
- ^ Niestle p.
- ^ Kemp p. 259
- ^ Niestle p.
- ^ Kemp p. 259
- ^ Niestle p.
- ^ Kemp p. 259-260
- ^ Niestle p.
- ^ Kemp p. 256
- ^ Niestle p.
- ^ Kemp p. 260
- ^ Niestle p.
- ^ Kemp p. 259, 260
- ^ Niestle p.
- ^ Kemp p. 260-61
- ^ Niestle p.
- ^ Kemp p. 256
- ^ Niestle p.
- ^ Kemp p. 261
- ^ Niestle p.
- ^ Kemp p. 256
- ^ Niestle p.
Sources
[edit]- Clay Blair : Hitler's U-Boat War Vol II:The Hunted 1942-1945 (1998). ISBN 0-304-35261-6
- Axel Niestle (1998) German U-Boat Losses during World War II. Greenhill Books ISBN 1 85367 352 8
- Price, Alfred : Aircraft versus Submarine in Two World Wars (2004) Pen & Sword ISBN 1 84415 091 7
- Roskill, Stephen The War at Sea Vol III pt 2 (1961, HMSO: reprint 2004 naval & Military Press) ISBN 1-84342-806-7
List of Q-ships
[edit]This is a list of Q-ships operated by the Royal Navy during World War I.
| Name | Pennant | Commissioned | Ended Service | Successes | Fate | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pargust | Q.1 | c | d | e | f | g |
| Intaba | Q.2 | c | d | e | f | g |
| Barranca | Q.3 | c | d | e | f | g |
| Carrigan Head | Q.4 | c | d | e | f | g |
| Farnborough | Q.5 | c | d | e | f | g |
| Zylpha | Q.6 | c | d | e | f | g |
| Penshurst | Q.7 | c | d | e | f | g |
| Vala | Q.8 | c | d | e | f | g |
| Mary B Mitchell | Q.9 | c | d | e | f | g |
| Begonia | Q.10 | c | d | e | f | g |
| Tamarisk | Q.11 | c | d | e | f | g |
| Tulip | Q.12 | c | d | e | f | g |
| Aubretia | Q.13 | c | d | e | f | g |
| Viola | Q.14 | c | d | e | f | g |
| Salvia | Q.15 | c | d | e | f | g |
| Heather | Q.16 | c | d | e | f | g |
| Helgoland | Q.17 | c | d | e | f | g |
| Lady Olive | Q.18 | c | d | e | f | g |
| Privet | Q.19 | c | d | e | f | g |
| Bayard | Q.20 | c | d | e | f | g |
| First Prize | Q.21 | c | d | e | f | g |
| Gaelic | Q.22 | c | d | e | f | g |
| Result | Q.23 | c | d | e | f | g |
| Laggan | Q.24 | c | d | e | f | g |
| Paxton | Q.25 | c | d | e | f | g |
| Mavis | Q.26 | c | d | e | f | g |
| Warner | Q.27 | c | d | e | f | g |
| Merops | Q.28 | c | d | e | f | g |
| Dargle | Q.29 | c | d | e | f | g |
| Sailer Thyrsa | Q.30 | c | d | e | f | g |
| Gunner | Q.31 | c | d | e | f | g |
| Quickly | Q.32 | c | d | e | f | g |
| Speedwell II | Q.33 | c | d | e | f | g |
| Acton | Q.34 | c | d | e | f | g |
| Rule | Q.35 | c | d | e | f | g |
| Peveril | Q.36 | c | d | e | f | g |
References
[edit]- Auten, Harold : "Q" boat adventures: the exploits of the famous mystery ships (1919): (reprint 2003 Periscope Publishing ISBN 1-904381-10-3)
- Chatterton, E Keble : Q-Ships and Their Story. (1922) ISBN (none)
- Grey, Edwyn (1972)The Killing Time Seeley ISBN 0 85422 070 4
- Jane's Fighting Ships of World War I (1919)(reprinted 1990) Studio Editions ISBN 1 85170 378 0
- Messimer, Dwight Find and Destroy (2001) Naval Institute ISBN 1 55750 447 4
- Ritchie, Carson: Q-Ships. (1985) ISBN 0-86138-011-8
- Tarrant, VE The U-Boat Offensive 1914-1945 (1989) Arms and Armour ISBN 0 85368 928 8
Inverlyon
[edit](from HM Armed Smack Inverlyon: reference samples)
...Inverlyon's crew | ship name + apostrophe
...were to be sunk,[1] |(old style), to [2] (new style)
...the crewmen of Inverlyon split the submarine bounty paid by the Admiralty.[Note 1]
...Jehan, in addition to his DSC, was subsequently specially promoted to lieutenant on 4 January 1916 for his war service;[3] he retired from the Royal Navy on 29 October 1920.[4] |Gazette
Notes
- ^ Admiralty bounties were typically £5 per crewman on the submarine.
References
- ^ Tarrant, p. 14.
- ^ Tarrant 1989, p. 14. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFTarrant1989 (help)
- ^ "No. 29431". The London Gazette. 7 January 1916. p. 340.
- ^ "No. 32114". The London Gazette. 5 November 1920. p. 10754.
Bibliography
- Messimer, Dwight R. (2002). Verschollen: World War I U-boat losses. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-55750-475-3. OCLC 231973419.
- Tarrant, V. E. (1989). The U-Boat Offensive: 1914–1945. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-0-87021-764-7. OCLC 20338385.