User:Taylor Covington/sandbox

User:Diderot/sandbox

Edits made to Deviance(sociology)

Overall, the article changes made were under the topic of Structural-functionalism. For the most part, the sections of Conflict theory and Symbolic Interaction appeared sufficient/did not require changes. Under Symbolic Interaction, the Broken Windows Theory was added. Ideas were expanded under Functions and Types. Concepts were switched around with information fixed, or removed. These were a majority of the larger edits made, and some smaller changes can also be seen below in detail.

Bullet points are what we planned. Text under the bullet points are what we added or changed in the article.

TAY: Edit 13- remove the word "you" from the text below- the word choice is discouraged in the wikipedia rules

Labeling theory, consequently, suggests that deviance is caused by the deviant's being labeled as morally inferior, the deviant's internalizing the label and finally the deviant's acting according to that specific label (in other words, one may label the "deviant" and they act accordingly). As time goes by, the "deviant" takes on traits that constitute deviance by committing such deviations as conform to the label (so the audience has the power to not label them and have the power to stop the deviance before it ever occurs by not labeling them). Individual and societal preoccupation with the label, in other words, leads the deviant individual to follow a self-fulfilling prophecy of abidance to the ascribed label.

TAY: Edit 12- Added an image

• Add an image in the structural functionalist section in order to provide a visual display of this concept. This image was from the wikipedia source of images offered.

MEL: Eleventh Edit- Expand on Durkheim's concepts

• add information about durkheim's collective conscience.

• The functions under durkheims concept, i think should be moved to the functions section and have a leading sentence that connects durkheims functions concept to the overall section since it sounds really repetitive.

When social deviance is committed, the collective conscience is offended. Durkheim describes the collective conscience as a set of social norms by which members of a society follow. Without the collective conscience, there would be no absolute morals followed in institutions or groups.

MEL: Tenth Edit- Forms of Justice

• Punitive and Rehabilitative justice. Create a section to introduce forms of justice that connect it back to deviance. **
• The punishment system to be changed to corrections systems
• Connection made between punishment and forms of justice.**

Corrections system: Community-based corrections include probation and parole. These programs lower the cost of supervising people convicted of crimes and reduce prison overcrowding but have not been shown to reduce recidivism.

There are four jurisdictions for punishment: retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, societal protection.

Under punishment, the offender faces one of the two forms of justice: punitive and rehabilitative justice.

1. Retribution and deterrence can fall under punitive justice, where the individual suffers the consequences of committing a crime. Pain or suffering inflicted on the individual is hidden from the public. This form of justice defines boundaries of acceptable behaviors.
2. Societal protection and rehabilitation falls under rehabilitative justice, where individuals are meant to be fixed. This form of justice focuses on the specific circumstances.

TAY: Ninth Edit- The Criminal Justice System

There are three sections of the criminal justice system. These sections include police, courts, and corrections stystem. These groups function to enforce formal deviance.

MEL: Eighth Edit- Improve Types of Deviance section

• Formal and informal deviance - keep info on taboo

The violation of norms can be categorized as two forms of deviance. Formal deviance and informal deviance.

Formal deviance can be described as a crime, which violates laws in a society. Informal deviance are minor violations that break unwritten rules of social life. Norms that have great moral significance are mores. Under informal deviance, a more opposes societal taboos. [4]

MEL: Seventh edit- Cross Cultural Communication

• I think this section should be removed from the page all together. The section appears to be very out of place and makes no real references to deviance. I have not been able to find sufficient information on how this topic relates to the topic of deviance and therefore I feel as though it does not contribute to the article.

• Section removed (text that was previously in article cited below):

Cross-cultural communication

Cross-cultural communicationis a field of study that looks at how people from different cultural backgrounds endeavor to communicate.

Proponents of the theory of a Southern culture of honorhold that violent behavior which would be considered criminal in most of the United States, may be considered a justifiable response to insult in a Southern culture of honor.

MEL: Fifth Edit- Durkheim’s Normative Theory of Suicide - connects with edit 11

• original information in the article
• 
  Durkheim's normative theory of suicide[edit]
  

  Main article: Suicide (book)

  Social integration is the attachment to groups and institutions, while social regulation is the adherence to the norms and values of society. Those who are very integrated fall under the category of "altruism" and those who are not very integrated fall under "egotism." Similarly, those who are very regulated fall under "fatalism" and those who are very unregulated fall under anomie. Durkheim's theory attributes social deviance to extremes of the dimensions of the social bond. Altruistic suicide (death for the good of the group), egoistic suicide (death for the removal of the self-due to or justified by the lack of ties to others), and anomic suicide (death due to the confounding of self-interest and societal norms) are the three forms of suicide that can happen due to extremes. Likewise, individuals may commit crimes for the good of an individual's group, for the self-due to or justified by lack of ties, or because the societal norms that place the individual in check no longer have power due to society's corruption.

• move current lead in to subsection on Durkheim and label it Durkheim’s Normative Theory of Suicide. Be sure to add a citation to this!!

• Rearranged original information to follow wiki guidelines, cleaned up paragraph which had reoccurring ideas.

Social integration is the attachment to groups and institutions, while social regulation is the adherence to the norms and values of society. Those who are very integrated fall under the category of "altruism" and those who are not very integrated fall under "egotism." Similarly, those who are very regulated fall under "fatalism" and those who are very unregulated fall under anomie.

Durkheim's theory attributes social deviance to extremes of social integration and social regulation. He stated four different types of suicide from the relationship between social integration and social regulation:

1.    Altruistic suicide occurs when one is too socially integrated.

2.    Egoistic suicide occurs when one is not very socially integrated.

3.    Anomic suicide occurs when there is very little social regulation from a sense of aimlessness or despair.  

4.    Fatalistic suicide occurs when a person experiences too much social regulation.

TAY: Fourth Edit- Structural Functionalism

(Insert under Structural Functionalist Heading- )

Structural Functionalists are concerned with how various factors in a society come together and interact to form the whole. The work of Émile Durkheim and Robert Merton have contributed to the Functionalist ideals.

Source: You May Ask Yourself: An Introduction to Thinking like a Sociologist (Fifth Edition) By: Dalton Conley

TAY: Second Edit- Lead Section

In sociology, deviance describes an action or behavior that violates social norms, including a formally enacted rule (e.g., crime), as well as informal violations of social norms (e.g., rejecting folkways and mores). Although deviance may have a negative connotation, the violation of social norms is not always a negative action; positive deviation exists in some situations. Although a norm is violated, a behavior can still be classified as positive or acceptable.

Social norms differ from culture to culture. For example, a deviant act can be committed in one society but may be normal for another society. Perception of deviance alters over time as the notion of what is a social norm often changes.

Deviance is relative to the place where it was committed or to the time the act took place. Killing another human is generally considered wrong for example, except when governments permit it during warfare or for self defense. There are two types of major deviant actions, mala in se or mala prohibits types.

TAY: First Edit- Broken Windows Theory of Deviance

(MAKE EDIT TO CITATION: current citation can not be uploaded sue to "Proxy error" due to the fact that it came from a locked database?)**--FIXED

(Will be inserted in the section on theories under the subsection labelled "Primary and secondary deviance")

The theory states that an increase in minor crimes, such as graffiti, will eventually lead to and encourage an increase in larger transgressions. This would show that greater policing on minor forms of deviance would lead to a decrease in major crimes. This theory has been tested in a variety of settings, one of which was New York City in the 90s. Compared to the country's average at the time, violent crime rates fell 28 percent as a result of the campaign. Critics of the theory question the direct causality of the policing and statistical changes that occurred

Sources: Broken windows theory. By: Greene, Jim, Salem Press Encyclopedia, 2018

** Completed

Taylor Covington Individual Sandbox

Deviance (Sociology)

In this article, there is also a lack of information of the types of deviance (both formal and informal). I would also discuss the types of crime within this section.

There is nothing on the research done by Victor Rios in this article, the presence of formal and informal social sanctions, or the Broken windows theory of deviance.

These are two topics that would be useful to add add to the article.

Sources:

1) Broken windows theory. By: Greene, Jim, Salem Press Encyclopedia, 2018

2) OpenStax, Introduction to Sociology 2e. OpenStax CNX. Feb 19, 2019 http://cnx.org/contents/02040312-72c8-441e-a685-20e9333f3e1d@12.3.

3) You May Ask Yourself: An Introduction to Thinking like a Sociologist (Fifth Edition) By: Dalton Conley

Practice Article Evaluation (Socialization)

The section on gender socialization is rather in depth, and the article following, on racial socialization, seems as though it is lacking in detail in comparison. The section on racial socialization should be improved by adding more details on the issue.