Post-1923 Chicago City Council members
This is a list of those who served on the Chicago City Council before it took its modern form in 1923.
The Chicago City Council assumed its modern form on April 16,[ 1] 1923, with fifty wards each electing one alderman. Before then, there were a varying number of wards over the years, many serving as multiple-member districts.
Since its incorporation as a city in 1837 Chicago had been divided into wards whose number varied[ a] but which were almost[ b] always entitled to two aldermen. In the early 20th century it was decided that reducing the number of aldermen per ward to one would be a cost-saving measure, and an ordinance to that effect was passed in 1920, taking effect in 1923.
Chicago was incorporated in 1837 and initially comprised six wards.[ 2]
Originally, aldermanic terms lasted a single year.[ 3] [ 2] Effective in 1851, terms were extended to two years, with the two alderman in each ward holding their elections staggered so that one aldermanic seat from each ward would be up for election every year.[ 2]
Originally held in April, in 1869 elections were shifted to November.[ 4] In 1876, elections shifted back to being held in April (to accommodate this, no elections were held in 1875, and all members holding office that year had their terms (if they were to expire that year) extended until 1876.[ 5] [ 6] [ 7] [ 8]
Aldermanic elections in Chicago have been formally nonpartisan since 1920. Starting at this point, the elections now had a general primary in February, with runoffs held in April for races that did not see any candidate win a majority of the vote in the general primary.
In 1923, the number of alderman were reduced by making wards single-member constituencies .
Aldermanic terms were extended to four-years effective in 1935.[ 2]
Aldermen
# Council
Aldermen
Alderman
Term in office
Party
Notes
Cite
Alderman
Term in office
Party
Notes
Cite
Dennis Coughlin
1857–1859
[ 2]
21st
J. Schmidt
1857–1858
[ 2]
22nd
Andrew Enzenbacher
1858–1860
[ 2]
John Comiskey
1859–1863
Democratic
Redistricted to 7th ward in 1863
[ 2]
23rd
24th
Malcolm McDonald
1860–1862
Later elected alderman again in 1963 in 6th ward
[ 2]
25th
26th
Redmond Sheridan
1862–1863
Redistricted to 8th ward in 1863
[ 2]
George Hilmrod
1863–1865
[ 2]
27th
Charles C. P. Holden
1863–1872
Republican
Redistricted from 5th ward in 1863
[ 8] [ 20]
28th
Edmund Bixby
1865–1867
Died in office
[ 2] [ 8]
29th
30th
31st
Alvin Salisbury
1868–1869
[ 8]
32nd
33rd
Thomas Wilco
1869–1871
[ 8]
34th
35th
Lester L. Bond
1871–1873
Republican
Previously served from 11th ward; served as acting mayor in 1873
[ 2]
36th
37th
David W. Clark Jr.
1872–1875
[ 12]
"
Charles L. Woodman
1873–1876
Redistricted from 20th ward
[ 2] [ 8]
38th
39th
Andrew F. Smith
1876–1877
[ 2]
40th
George E. White
1876–1878
Republican
Redistricted from 11th ward
[ 2] [ 12]
Michael McNurney
1877–1881
Republican
[ 2] [ 12]
41st
42nd
John Eiszner
1878–1880
[ 5]
43rd
44th
H. Schroeder
1880–1882
Democratic
[ 2] [ 12]
Daniel Nelson
1881–1883
Republican
[ 2] [ 12]
45th
46th
George E. White
1882–1884
Republican
[ 2] [ 12]
James Walsh
1883–1885
Democratic
Previously served in 11th ward; later elected alderman again in 1897 in 17th ward
[ 2] [ 12]
47th
48th
Michael McNurney
1884–1886
Republican
[ 2] [ 12]
Stephen P. Revere
1885–1887
Republican
Later elected alderman again in 1895 in 17th ward
[ 2] [ 11]
49th
50th
Henry M. Deal
1886–1888
[ 2] [ 11]
J.N. Mulvihill
1887-1888
Redistricted to 17th ward in 1888
[ 2]
51st
Augustus W. Nohe
1888–1889
[ 2]
52nd
Simon Walner
1888-1890
[ 2]
Thomas McEnerny
1889–1891
[ 2]
53rd
54th
William Schwerin
1890-1892
[ 2]
John F. Dorman
1891–1895
[ 2]
55th
56th
Charles C. Schumacher
1892-1894
[ 2]
57th
58th
Fred C. Engel
1894–1896
Republican
[ 2] [ 14]
Zina R. Carter
1895–1896
Republican
[ 2] [ 14]
59th
August W. Miller
1896–1899
[ 2]
60th
Anton Novak
1896–1897
[ 2]
61st
Peter Biewer
1897–1899
[ 2]
62nd
Michael Zimmer
1899
Later elected alderman again in 1901 in 12th ward
[ 2]
William F. Brennan
1899–1901
Redistricted to 12th ward in 1901
[ 2]
63rd
Anton Novak
1899–1901
[ 2]
64th
Edward J. Novak
1901–1904
Democratic
Redistricted from 8th ward
[ 2] [ 15]
65th
Joseph Sindelar
1901–1902
Died in office
[ 2]
66th
Charles G. Foucek
1902–1903
Republican
[ 2] [ 21]
67th
Jacob Sindelar
1903–1905
[ 2]
Rudolph Hurt
1904–1910
Previously served in 9th ward
[ 2]
68th
69th
Thomas F. Scully
1905–1911
Democratic
[ 2] [ 22]
70th
71st
72nd
73rd
Frank J. Vavricek
1910–1914
[ 2]
74th
75th
[[Frank Klaus (politician)|Frank Klaus]]
1911–1921
Democratic
[ 2] [ 16]
76th
77th
James McNichols
1914–1923
Democratic
[ 2] [ 17]
78th
79th
80th
81st
82nd
83rd
84th
85th
—
86th
File:Rodriguez-william-e (1).jpg
William E. Rodriguez 1915–1918 Socialist [ 2] [ 26]
Alderman
Term in office
Party
Notes
Cite
Alderman
Term in office
Party
Notes
Cite
William T. Shufeldt
1863–1864
Redistricted from 9th ward
[ 2]
Charles L. Woodman
1863–1866
Redistricted from 8th ward; later elected alderman again in 1871 in 20th ward
[ 2]
Robert Clark
1865–1867
[ 2]
[ 2]
George B. Mansur
1867–1870
[ 2]
Peter Mahr
1872–1875
[ 2]
Jacob Lengacher
1876–1877
Previously served in 17th ward
[ 2]
Anton Imhof
1880–1882
Democratic
[ 2] [ 12]
John H. Colvin
1882–1886
Democratic
[ 2] [ 11]
[ 2]
Charles Burmeister
1887–1888
Redistricted to 22nd ward in 1888
[ 2]
[ 2]
John C. Horn
1888–1891
Redistricted from 14th ward
[ 2]
Stanley H. Kunz
1891–1895
[ 2]
George C. Lenke
1895–1897
[ 2]
Harry Ludolph
1897
Died in office
[ 2]
Edward Kehoe
1868–1869
Redistricted to 20th ward in 1869
[ 2]
Frank Lisenbarth
1876–1878
[ 2]
Christian Meier
1879–1883
Socialist Labor
[ 2] [ 12]
Henry Severin
1883–1887
Republican
[ 2] [ 11]
August J. Kowalski
1888–1890
[ 2]
John J. Dahlman
1890–1892
[ 2]
Peter J. Ellert
1892–1894
[ 2]
George Leininger
1901–1903
[ 2]
Vincent Jozwiakowski
1903–1905
[ 2]
John M. Nowicki
1905–1907
[ 2]
Stanley H. Kunz
1907–1915
[ 2]
Stanley H. Kunz
1917–1921
[ 2]
Peter Kiołbassa
1896–1898
Democratic
[ 2]
Stanley H. Kunz
1898–1906
[ 2]
Frank Koraleski
1908–1911
[ 2]
Edmund K. Jarecki
1911–1912
[ 2]
John Czekala
1912–1914
[ 2]
John Czekala
1921–1923
[ 2]
Alderman
Term in office
Party
Notes
Cite
Alderman
Term in office
Party
Notes
Cite
Louis A. Berger
1869–1870
Redistricted from 14th ward
[ 2]
1869
[ 2]
Jacob Lengacher
1871–1875
Later elected alderman again in 1871 in 16th ward
[ 2]
David Murphy
1876–1877
Previously served in 18th ward
[ 2]
Bernard Janssens
1877–1879
[ 2]
Edward P. Barrett
1879–1883
Democratic
[ 2] [ 12]
Thomas J. Carney Jr.
1886–1888
Republican
[ 2] [ 11]
[ 2]
J.N. Mulvihill
1888–1891
Redistricted to from 10th ward
[ 2]
Stephen M. Gosselin
1891–1895
[ 2]
Stephen P. Revere
1895–1897
Republican
Previously served in the 10th ward
[ 2] [ 11]
James Walsh
1897–1899
Previously 11th and 10th wards
[ 2]
Magnus C. Knudson
1896–1898
[ 2]
Frank Oberndorf
1898–1902
[ 2]
William Emmett Dever
1902–1910
Democratic
[ 2]
[ 2]
Stanley Adamkiewicz
1917–1921
Later elected an alderman again in 1923 in 31st ward
[ 2]
[ 2]
Thomas P. Devereux
1921–1922
[ 2]
[ 2]
John McCaffrey
1878–1880
Previously served in 18th ward
[ 2]
John Murphy
1880–1882
Democratic
[ 2] [ 12]
John Sweeney
1882–1886
Democratic
[ 2] [ 12]
John A. Linn
1885–1887
Republican
[ 2] [ 11]
John H. McCormick
1887–1888
Redistricted to 23rd ward in 1888
[ 2]
J.N. Mulvihill
1892–1894
Died in office
[ 2]
Maurice M. O'Connor
1894–1896
[ 2]
George B. Johnson
1899–1901
[ 2]
Christ A. Jensen
1920–1923
Democratic
Continued as an alderman after 1923, but redistricted to the 40th ward
[ 2] [ 27]
Alderman
Term in office
Party
Notes
Cite
Alderman
Term in office
Party
Notes
Cite
John Herting
1869–1870
Redistricted from 15th ward
[ 2]
James McCauley
1869–1871
[ 2]
William M. Clarke
1870–1872
[ 2]
Mahlon D. Ogden
1871–1873
Previously served in 6th ward
[ 2]
Michael Brand
1872–1874
[ 2]
Thomas Lynch
1873–1875
[ 2]
William B. Dickinson
1874–1875
[ 2]
[ 2]
Redmond F. Sheridan
1888–1889
Democratic
Redistricted from 8th ward
[ 2] [ 11]
James McCann
1889–1891
[ 2]
Michael J. O'Brien
1891–1893
[ 2]
Thomas Gallagher
1893–1895
[ 2]
Frank Lawler
1895–1896
Democratic
Previously served in 8th ward; died in office
[ 2]
Thomas Gallagher
1896–1897
[ 2]
William J. Moran
1902–1905
[ 2]
Joseph A. Haberkorn
1897–1899
[ 2]
Patrick Morris
1899–1901
[ 2]
John Powers
1888– 1904; 1905–April 16, 1923
Democratic
Continued as an alderman after 1923, but redistricted to the 25th ward
[ 2]
James Bowler
1906–1923
Democratic
Later elected alderman again in 1927
[ 2]
[ 2]
[ 2]
Alderman
Term in office
Party
Notes
Cite
Alderman
Term in office
Party
Notes
Cite
M.A. Devine
1869–1871
[ 2]
Edward Kehoe
1869–1870
Redistricted from 16th ward
[ 2]
Charles L. Woodman
1871–1873
Previously served as alderman from 8th and 16th wards; redistricted to 10th ward in 1873
[ 2] [ 8]
Gustavus A. Busse
1870–1872
[ 2]
John T. Corcoran
1872–1875
[ 2]
[ 2]
Otto Hage
1888–1890
[ 2]
Daniel Long
1889??–1891???
[ 2]
Charles E. Ehlert
1890–1892
[ 2]
[ 2]
Otto Hage
1893–1895
[ 2]
John H. Hartwick
1895–1897
[ 2]
Julius Jonas
1873–1875
Later elected alderman again in 1878 in 18th ward
[ 2]
[ 2]
William Eisfeldt Jr.
1890–1892
Republican
Previously served in 15th ward
[ 2] [ 11]
Frederick W. Alwart
1897–1899
[ 2]
[ 2]
[ 2]
Charles F. Brown
1898–1900
[ 2]
[ 2]
William Eisfeldt Jr.
1900–1901
Republican
Redistricted to 24th ward in 1901
[ 2] [ 11]
Charles E. Ehlert
1900–1901
[ 2]
James C. Patterson
1901-1906
Redistricted from 12th ward; died in office
[ 2]
Nicholas R. Finn
1901–1910
Redistricted from 11th ward
[ 2]
[ 2]
Carl T. Murphy
1910–1912
Later elected alderman again in 1915 in 18th ward
[ 2]
Dennis J. Egan
1912–1913
Redistricted from 9th ward
[ 2]
[ 2]
Emanuel Abrahams
1913
Died in office
[ 2]
[ 2]
Matt Franz
1914–1915
[ 2]
[ 2]
Herman E. Miller
1915–1917
[ 2]
Henry L. Fick
1917–1927
[ 2]
[ 2]
[ 2]
Henry L. Fick
1914–1916
Previously served in 7th ward and 20th ward
[ 2]
[ 2]
Matt Franz
1916–1923
[ 2]
Alderman
Term in office
Party
Notes
Cite
Alderman
Term in office
Party
Notes
Cite
John H. McCormick
1888–1892
Redistricted from 5th ward; died in office
[ 2]
Daniel R. O'Brien
1888–1892
[ 2]
William J. Kelly
1893–1895
[ 2]
William H. Lyman
1897–1899
[ 2]
Ernst F. Herrmann
1901–1904
Democratic
Redistricted to from 21st ward
[ 2] [ 15]
Mathias J. Jacobs
1906–1908
[ 2]
Fred A. Britten
1908–1912
[ 2]
John Kjellander
1912–1917
[ 2]
John A. Larson
1892–1896
[ 2]
Jacob A. Hey
1907–1915
[ 2]
Alderman
Term in office
Party
Notes
Cite
Alderman
Term in office
Party
Notes
Cite
F.M. Champman
1889–1890
[ 2]
Michael Keck
1889–1990
[ 2]
Frank E. Brookman
1890–1893
[ 2]
[ 2]
Albert H. Kleinecke
1893–1895
[ 2]
George B. Milne
1895–1897
[ 2]
James H. Hirsch
1897–1899
[ 2]
Walter Butler
1899–1901
[ 2]
Winfield P. Dunn
1901–1911
Republican
[ 2] [ 15]
[ 2]
Henry D. Capitain
1911–1921
[ 2]
[ 2]
E.I. Frankhauser
1921–1923
Continued as an alderman after 1923, but redistricted to the 49th ward
[ 2]
William P. Chapman
1894–1896
[ 2]
Robert Griffith
1898–1900
Died in office
[ 2]
Jacob A. Freund
1912–1914
[ 2]
Frank J. Link
1915–1923
Continued as an alderman after 1923, redistricted to 48th ward
[ 2]
Alderman
Term in office
Party
Notes
Cite
Alderman
Term in office
Party
Notes
Cite
Patrick F. Hayes
1889–1890
[ 2]
1889
[ 2]
Marlow M. Goodale
1890–1891
[ 2]
Patrick F. Hayes
1891–1893
[ 2]
William Finkler
1893–1897
[ 2]
[ 2]
John C. Cannon
1897–1899
[ 2]
[ 2]
Freeman K. Blake
1899–1905
Republican
[ 2] [ 15]
[ 2]
William F. Lipps
1905–1921
[ 2]
Charles S. Hendricks
1921–1923
[ 2]
Henry J. Lutter
1892–1894
[ 2]
William C. Kuester
1900–1904
[ 2]
Peter Reinberg
1904–1912
[ 2]
Thomas R. Caspers
1920–1923
[ 2]
Alderman
Term in office
Party
Notes
Cite
Alderman
Term in office
Party
Notes
Cite
Matthew J. Conway
1889–1895
[ 2]
David B. Fonda
1889–1892
[ 2]
George S. Foster
1895–1897
[ 2]
Frederick F. Haussen
1892–1894
[ 2]
Spencer S. Kimbell
1897–1899
[ 2]
Hubert W. Butler
1894–1900
[ 2]
Albert F. Keeney
1899–1903
[ 2]
Silas Leachman
1903–1905
[ 2]
Hubert W. Butler
1902–1906
[ 2]
Blase Hans
1906–1908
[ 2]
[ 2]
[ 2]
J. Edward Clancy
1912–1914
[ 2]
Joseph F. Capp
1909–1911
[ 2]
Jens N. Hyldahl
1911–1913
Democratic
[ 2] [ 30]
John C. Kennedy
1915–1919
[ 2]
Edward R. Armitage
1919–1923
[ 2]
[ 2]
Alderman
Term in office
Party
Notes
Cite
Alderman
Term in office
Party
Notes
Cite
Thomas Gahan
1889–1893
[ 2]
Patrick Noonan
1889–1891
[ 2]
Robert Mulcahy
1893–1898
[ 2]
Thomas Carey
1891–1895
[ 2]
Thomas Carey
1898–1906
[ 2]
James J. McCarthy
1895–1897
[ 2]
John Golombiewski
1906–1910
[ 2]
Michael McInerney
1897–1899
Later elected alderman again in 1901 in 30th ward
[ 2]
Frank McDermott
1910–1916
[ 2]
Frederick A. Hart
1901–1903
[ 2]
John Downey
1907–1909
[ 2]
Mathais A. Mueller
1909–1911
[ 2]
Felix B. Janovsky
1911–1915
[ 2]
John Hrubec
1815–1919
[ 2]
James F. Kovarik
1919–1923
Democratic
Later elected alderman again in 1931 in 15th ward
[ 2] [ 34]
Thomas F. Byrne
1916–1923
f
Peter A. Wendling Republican 1903–1907 [ 15]
Alderman
Term in office
Party
Notes
Cite
Alderman
Term in office
Party
Notes
Cite
John F. Kenny
1889–189?
Democratic
[ 2] [ 35]
1889
[ 2]
John Utesch
1893–1897
[ 2]
Asa B. Kile
1890–1891
[ 2]
Walter Merchant
1894–1896
[ 2]
Ethan A. Mowrer
1896–1898
[ 2]
Charles J. Boyd
1902–????
[ 2]
John J. Bradley
1902–1908
[ 2]
Michael McInerney
1901–1903
Previously served in 29th ward
[ 2]
Michael McInerney
1907–1913
[ 2]
William J. Lynch
1915–1919
[ 2]
John Burns
1903–1907
[ 2]
[ 2]
John Burns
1908–1910
[ 2]
Joseph T. Mahoney
1910–1912
[ 2]
George P. Latchford
1913-1915
[ 2]
John Burns
1919–1921
[ 2]
[ 2]
William J. Lynch
1921–1923
[ 2]
Alderman
Term in office
Party
Notes
Cite
Alderman
Term in office
Party
Notes
Cite
George F. McKnight
1889–1891
[ 2]
Edwin J. Noble
1889–1896
[ 2]
James L. Francis
1893–1895
[ 2]
[ 2]
Isaiah T. Greenacre
1895–1897
[ 2]
Joseph Badenoch
1898–1901
Redistricted to 32nd ward in 1901
[ 2]
[ 2]
Patrick J. O'Connell
1902–1904
Democratic
[ 2] [ 15]
William Butterworth
1901–1905
[ 2]
[ 2]
Clark T. Northrop
1896–1898
[ 2]
[ 2]
Henry F. Eidmann
1899–1901
Republican
Redistricted to 32nd ward in 1901
[ 2] [ 15]
Patrick J. O'Connell
1902–1904
Democratic
[ 2] [ 15]
James A. Kearns
1909–1917
[ 2]
[ 2]
James A. Long
1917–1919
[ 2]
[ 2]
Henry P. Bergen
1910–1916
[ 2]
Scott M. Hogan
1919–1923
[ 2]
Terrence Moran
1918–1923
Democratic
Continued as alderman after 1923, redistricted to 16th ward
[ 2] [ 27]
Alderman
Term in office
Party
Notes
Cite
Alderman
Term in office
Party
Notes
Cite
William R. Kerr
1889–1895
[ 2]
William C. Kinney
1889–1892
[ 2]
William Kent
1895–1896
[ 2]
James R. Mann
1892–1896
Republican
[ 2]
Walter C. Nelson
1897–1901
[ 2]
[ 2]
Henry F. Eidmann
1901–1906
Republican
Redistricted from 31st ward
[ 2] [ 15]
[ 2]
Albert J. Fisher
1906–1921
[ 2]
William Mavor
1897–1901
Republican
Redistricted to 6th ward in 1897
[ 2] [ 15]
Joseph Badenoch
1901–1908
Redistricted from 31st ward
[ 2]
Melville G. Holding
1912–1914
[ 2]
John E. Lyle
1918–1923
Continued as alderman after 1923, redistricted to 17th ward
[ 2]
Alderman
Term in office
Party
Notes
Cite
Alderman
Term in office
Party
Notes
Cite
Patrick J. Gorman
1889–1892
[ 2]
Charles E. Jockisch
1889–1890
[ 2]
Cyrus H. Howell
1892–1896
[ 2]
Ernst Hummel
1890–1893
[ 2]
Nicholas Decker
1901–1903
[ 2]
William Johnson
1903–1905
[ 2]
William C. Hubt
1905–1909
[ 2]
Charles E. Reading
1909–1912
Redistricted to 9th ward in 1912
[ 2]
Irwin R. Hazen
1912–1915
Republican
Redistricted from 35th ward
[ 2] [ 36]
Robert M. Buck
1915–1917
[ 2]
Cyrus H. Howell
1897–1898
[ 2]
Hugh T. Darcy
1898–1900
[ 2]
[ 2]
John Hugh Jones
1900–1901
Republican
Redistricted to 8th ward in 1901
[ 2] [ 15]
Charles Corkery
1901–1902
Redistricted from 34th ward
[ 2]
[ 2]
Ernest Bihl
1902–1910
[ 2]
[ 2]
Eugene Block
1910–1912
Redistricted to 9th ward in 1912
[ 2]
[ 2]
George H. Bradshaw
1912–1914
[ 2]
[ 2]
M.A. Michaelson
1914–1918
[ 2]
Irwin R. Hazen
1917–1918
Republican
[ 2] [ 36]
Albert O. Anderson
1918–1923
[ 2]
[ 2]
John P. Garner
1919–1923
[ 2]
Alderman
Term in office
Party
Notes
Cite
Alderman
Term in office
Party
Notes
Cite
James Chasey
1889–1892
[ 2]
1889
[ 2]
John A. Bartine
1892–1894
[ 2]
[ 2]
Oliver L. Chadwick
1894–1896
[ 2]
[ 2]
John B. Math
1896–1900
[ 2]
Charles Corkery
1900–1901
Redistricted to 33rd ward in 1901
[ 2]
[ 2]
Joseph F. Kohout
1905–1909
Died in office
[ 2]
James Donohue
1910–1912
Redistricted to 35th ward in 1912
[ 2]
[ 2]
Frank I. Bennett
1897–1901
Republican
Redistricted to 7th ward in 1901
[ 2]
Patrick J. Nolan
1906–1910
[ 2]
[ 2]
Winfield J. Held
1913–1915
[ 2]
Joseph C. Blaha
1915–1917
Republican
[ 2]
John Toman
1912–April 16, 1923
Democratic
Later elected alderman again in 1925
[ 2] [ 37]
[ 2]
Joseph O. Kostner
1917–1913
Continued as alderman after 1923, redistricted to 23rd ward
[ 2]
^ There were six in 1837 and 35 immediately prior to 1923.
^ The 3rd and 5th wards were entitled to one alderman each until 1839.
^ "Englewood Happenings" . Suburbanite Economist . April 13, 1923. Retrieved September 16, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv gw gx gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi hj hk hl hm hn ho hp hq hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy hz ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy iz ja jb jc jd je jf jg jh ji jj jk jl jm jn jo jp jq jr js jt ju jv jw jx jy jz ka kb kc kd ke kf kg kh ki kj kk kl km kn ko kp kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ky kz la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt nu nv nw nx ny nz oa ob oc od oe of og oh oi oj ok ol om on oo op oq or os ot ou ov ow ox oy oz pa pb pc pd pe pf pg ph pi pj pk pl pm pn po pp pq pr ps pt pu pv pw px py pz qa qb qc qd qe qf qg qh qi qj qk ql qm qn qo qp qq qr qs qt qu qv qw qx qy qz ra rb rc rd re rf rg rh ri rj rk rl rm rn ro rp rq rr rs rt ru rv rw rx ry rz sa sb sc sd se sf sg sh si sj sk sl sm sn so sp sq sr ss st su sv sw sx sy sz ta tb tc td te tf tg th ti tj tk tl tm tn to tp tq tr ts tt tu tv tw tx ty tz ua ub uc ud ue uf ug uh ui uj uk ul um un uo up uq ur us ut uu uv uw ux uy uz va vb vc vd ve vf vg vh vi vj vk vl vm vn vo vp vq vr vs vt vu vv vw vx vy vz wa wb wc wd we wf wg wh wi wj wk wl wm wn wo wp wq wr ws wt wu wv ww wx wy wz xa xb xc xd xe xf xg xh xi xj xk xl xm xn xo xp xq xr xs xt xu xv xw xx xy xz ya yb yc yd ye yf yg yh yi yj yk yl ym yn yo yp yq yr ys yt yu yv yw yx yy yz za zb zc zd ze zf zg zh zi zj zk zl zm zn zo zp zq zr zs zt zu zv zw zx zy zz aaa aab aac aad aae aaf aag aah aai aaj aak aal aam aan aao aap aaq aar aas aat aau aav aaw aax aay "Centennial List of Mayors, City Clerks, City Attorneys, City Treasurers, and Aldermen, elected by the people of the city of Chicago, from the incorporation of the city on March 4, 1837 to March 4, 1937, arranged in alphabetical order, showing the years during which each official held office" . Archived from the original on September 4, 2018. Retrieved December 24, 2018 .
^ The Chicago Legal News: A Journal of Legal Intelligence . Chicago Legal News Company. 1881. p. 191. Retrieved July 15, 2020 .
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^ a b c d e f g h i Ahern, M. L. (1886). Political History of Chicago: (covering the Period from 1837 to 1887) Local Politics from the City's Birth; Chicago's Mayors, Aldermen and Other Officials; County and Federal Officers; the Fire and Police Departments; the Haymarket Horror; Miscellaneous . Donohue & Henneberry, printers and binders. pp. 116– 120.
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^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap Andreas, Alfred Theodore (1886). History of Chicago: From the fire of 1871 until 1885 . A. T. Andreas. pp. 101– 102, 865– 870.
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^ a b c d e "All Fond of the Council" . Newspapers.com . The Chicago Chronicle. January 27, 1896. Retrieved July 1, 2021 .
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^ "The Chicago Daily News Almanac and Year Book for 1903" . Chicago Daily News Company. 1902. p. 381. Retrieved July 8, 2020 .
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^ Plumbe, George Edward; Langland, James; Pike, Claude Othello (1915). "Chicago Daily News Almanac and Year Book for 1916" . Chicago Daily News, Incorporated. pp. 567– 568. Retrieved July 8, 2020 .
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^ PROCEEDINGS OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF CHICAGO FOR THE MUNICIPAL YEAR 1898 AND 1899, BEING FROM APRIL 11TH 1898, TO APRIL 5TH, 1899, INCLUSIVE . Chicago City Council. 1899.
^ Chicago Municipal Handbook of 1916 .
^ Annual Report of the Comptroller of the City of Chicago, Illinois . Chicago Comptroller's Office, Department of Finance. 1919.
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^ "The Chicago Daily News Almanac and Year Book for the Year 1893" . Daily News Almanac and Year-Book1904- . Chicago Daily News: 349– 351.
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^ a b "The Daily News Almanac and Yearbook for 1917" . Daily News Almanac and Year-Book1904- . Chicago Daily News: 612. 1916. Retrieved July 13, 2020 .