User:Nyanardsan/sandbox/Sabu Raijua Regency
Sabu Raijua Regency
Kabupaten Sabu Raijua | |
|---|---|
 A school in West Savu | |
 Coat of arms | |
 Location within East Nusa Tenggara | |
  Sabu Raijua Regency Location in Lesser Sunda Islands and Indonesia  Sabu Raijua Regency Sabu Raijua Regency (Indonesia) | |
| Coordinates: 10°33′46″S 121°47′20″E / 10.5629°S 121.7889°E | |
| Country |  Indonesia |
| Region | Lesser Sunda Islands |
| Province |  East Nusa Tenggara |
| Capital | Menia, West Savu |
| Government | |
| • Regent | Nikodemus Rihi Heke |
| • Vice Regent | vacant |
| Area | |
• Total | 177.44 sq mi (459.58 km2) |
| Population (mid 2023 estimate) | |
• Total | 93,330 |
| • Density | 530/sq mi (200/km2) |
| [1] | |
| Area code | (+62) 380 |
| HDI (2023) |  0.588 (Medium)[2]
|
| Website | saburaijuakab.go.id |
Sabu Raijua Regency is a regency in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. The regency was established in 2008, partitioned from its parent Kupang Regency. The regency consists mostly of the larger and more populated Savu Island and the smaller Raijua Island on the western side. The regency seat is located at the town of Menia within the West Sabu district. The regency is nicknamed "Island of a Million Lontars" due to abundance of lontar palm on the islands. Sabu Raijua is a major salt producer within the province and Indonesia at large mainly from salt farmers on its coastlines, with regular exports to other parts of Indonesia. Sabu Raijua is the least developed regency in the province and has the lowest Human Development Index of any Indonesian regencies outside of Papua region.[3]
History
[edit]Early and colonial history
[edit]Sabu and Raijua island inhabitants were known to have regular trades and contacts with Javanese sailors, as well as Sumba and Rotenese kingdoms prior to contacts with Europeans. It is known that Sabu Island inhabitants were involved and assisted Thie tribe in a war on Rote Island between 1698 to 1700.[4]:18-22 Local folklores also suggested they had direct contact with Majapahit Empire.[5] A traditional ballad suggest that people living in Sabu Raijua and Sumba were of the same origin. The island was noted to be ruled by three main kings by 1648, where the island made contact with Dutch East India Company.[4] At the same year, they signed a treaty regarding slave trade with the company, in return of several goods such as porcelain ceramics and clothes. The three kingdoms never abide to this treaty despite signing, leading to reputation by Dutch sailors that the island is inhabited by "troublesome tribes" who are untrustworthy and difficult to control.[4]:23-24
In the 19th century, Sabu Raijua experienced intensive activity of Christian missionaries, mainly by Netherlands Missionary Society based in Timor. However it was reported that the two islands were difficult to convert, with reports between 1898 and 1903 stating that the amount of Christian followers on the islands were dropping by as many as 130 people per year.[6] In 1914, an uprising against Christian missionary effort resulted in several houses and churches burned down in what would be known as "Mone Mola War".[6]
Recent history
[edit]In the aftermath of Indonesian proclamation of independence, majority of soldiers from Sabu Raijua who served under Royal Netherlands East Indies Army defected and joined Laskar Sunda Kecil or Lesser Sunda Troops, an Indonesian army unit consisting mostly of people from Lesser Sunda Islands. Many influential figures in later East Nusa Tenggara province were Sabunese origin from this formation such as El Tari, later governor of the province.[4]:39-40 The two islands became part of State of East Indonesia and then the Indonesian Republic after it was dissolved.[4]:39-40
In 1958, originally there was a plan to create a new regency combining Sabu Raijua with Rote Island. However, this plan fell apart due to disagreement whether the capital would be located in Rote or in Sabu.[7] Rote would later become its own separate regency in 2002, while Sabu Raijua became a regency in 2008 separate from Kupang Regency.[7][8]
Geography
[edit]The regency has total area of 459.58km2, which consist of four islands. The two main islands are Savu Island and Raijua Island, in addition to two small uninhabited islands which are Dana Island and Wadu Mea Island. It is surrounded by Savu Sea and Indian Ocean in all directions. The regency's topography is mostly flat, with slope of 0% to 8% constitutes 55.23% of its area, followed by 9% to 15% slope with 22.26% of the regency's area. However, Central Sabu and Hawu Mehara districts have majority of its area a quite steep slope of 26% to 40%. In general, the regency's elevation is dominated by range of 0 to 100 meters above sea level, which constitutes 60.41%. The tallest peak in the regency is only 343 meters, which means the regency is rather low-lying relative to the sea level.[9] The Sabu Islands are situated in a tectonic subduction zone, where the Indo-Australian Plate is moving northward, sliding under the Eurasian Plate. The islands lie on a ridge that was created by volcanic eruptions caused by the plate movement. Sediments carried into the Earth's crust heat up and rise in plumes of magma, which cool and solidify to form igneous rock. The Sumba Ridge is no longer volcanically active, but active volcanoes are on the island of Flores, to the north. The compression of the two tectonic plates is causing the Savu Islands to rise at a rate of about 1 mm per year.[10]
Climate
[edit]The climate of the regency is semi-arid tropical savanna (Aw) with rainy season during December, January, and February, while dry season is during June, July, and August[9] because of the dry winds which blow from Australia. The main rains usually fall between November and March. Between 82% and 94% of all rain falls during the west monsoon and with little or no rain falling between August and October. The mean annual rainfall for Savu Island is 1,019 mm. All of the fresh water, outside or inside of aquifers, comes from the rain. There are 21 drainage basins within the regency, but all of the rivers are virtually only exist as processor of water precipitation from the rain. These rivers are also mostly seasonal, with it being filled only during rainy season, and dried up during dry season. This results in the regency being rather dry compared to other parts of Indonesia, and access to clean fresh water becomes significant hurdle to economic development of the regency.[9]
Demographics
[edit]The regency has population of 89,327 based on 2020 Indonesian census, while mid-2023 estimates by Statistics Indonesia puts the number at 93,330. The regency has population density of 201.91 km2. The gender ratio, defined by Statistics Indonesia as number of male inhabitants per 100 female inhabitans, is 104.24 in 2022. Population growth of the regency was 0.58% in 2023. Divided by districts, the most populous district is the West Sabu District which contributes 37.20% of the regency's total population, followed by Hawu Mehara District with 20.69%, Sabu Liae District with 11.87%, East Sabu with 10.60%, Central Sabu with 9.83%, and lastly Raijua District with 9.80%.[1] The majority of the regency's inhabitants are Protestant, with minorities of Catholic, Islam, and Hindu followers. The Protestant population by 2023 was 76,774, followed by Catholic with 2,828, Islam with 750, and Hindu with just 4. Poverty rate as of 2023 was 28.73%.[1]
Economy
[edit]Salt industry
[edit]
Salt obtained from salt farming is the main export of the regency, regularly exported to other parts of Indonesia.[11] The salt industry is also a major employer of the regency's inhabitants, spread across approximately 42 hectares of salt ponds since 2023.[12] In 2024, the regency exported 1,500 tonnes of salt to Surabaya alone and 200 hectares more of salt ponds were built to expand the production.[13] The productivity of salt production in Sabu Raijua is the highest in Indonesia, with 134.81 tonnes per hectare of salt evaporation pond in 2016.[14]
The regency's potential for salt farming is estimated to be 300,000 tonnes with additional 2,015 hectares of salt ponds.[15] However, the salt industry faced challenges such as difficulty in finding markets due to production being higher than demand; between 2018 to 2022 the demand for salt shrank due to import policy by the Indonesian government.[16][17] In 2022, up to 22,000 tonnes of unsold salt produced were sitting in 107 warehouses in the regency.[16][17]
Seaweed farming
[edit]Sabu Raijua is one of the largest seaweed producers in Indonesia with one of the most productive outputs. In 2020, the regency produced 80,703 tonnes of seaweed according to Indonesian Statistics data.[18] Total area used for cultivating seaweed was 311 hectares, but the potential is projected to be more than 2.300 hectares.[19] Seaweed farming in the regency was introduced by the government in 1999 when it was still part of the then-larger Kupang Regency. Most of the cultivated seaweed are from the genus Eucheuma[20] However, thousands of farmers reported decreasing yield as they were affected by Cyclone Seroja in 2021 and have yet to recover since.[21]
Governance
[edit]Administration
[edit]The regency is divided into six districts (kecamatan), tabulated below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census[22] and 2020 Census,[23] together with the official estimates as at mid 2023.[1] Note all districts are on Sabu Island except for Raijua District, which encompasses Raijua Island (37.27 km2) and uninhabited Dana Island (0.89 km2) much further to the west. The table also includes the location of the district administrative centres, the number of administrative villages in each district (totaling 58 rural desa and 5 urban kelurahan), and its post code.
| Kode
Wilayah |
Name of
District (kecamatan) |
Area
in km2 |
Population
Census 2010 |
Population
Census 2020 |
Population
Estimate mid-2023 |
Administrative
Centre |
No.
of villages |
Post
code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 53.20.06 | Raijua | 38.16 | 7,671 | 8,950 | 9,149 | Ledeunu | 5[a] | 85393 |
| 53.20.01 | West Sabu | 185.16 | 26,463 | 33,225 | 34,715 | Seba | 10[b] | 85395 |
| 53.20.05 | Hawu Mehara | 62.81 | 15,361 | 18,664 | 19,312 | Tana Jawa | 12 | 85391 |
| 53.20.03 | East Sabu | 37.21 | 7,453 | 8,937 | 9,895 | Bolou | 18[c] | 85394 |
| 53.20.04 | Sabu Liae | 57.62 | 8,847 | 10,718 | 11,080 | Eilogu | 8 | 85396 |
| 53.20.02 | Central Sabu | 78.62 | 7,165 | 8,833 | 9,179 | Eimadake | 10 | 85392 |
| Totals | 459.58 | 72,960 | 89,327 | 93,330 | Menia | 63 |
Local government and politics
[edit]Infrastructure
[edit]Education
[edit]The regency has 17 kindergartens, 78 elementary schools, 26 junior highschools, and 11 senior highschools, in addition to three vocational highschools.[1] Sabu Raijua also has one tertiary education facility in the form of a campus branch under the public Kupang State Agricultural Polytechnic.[24] Another campus branch under Jember State Polytechnic is also being proposed as of 2024.[25]
Healthcare
[edit]The regency has one hospital and 62 puskesmas clinics, six of which has inpatient care.[1] The main and only hospital in the regency, Sabu Raijua Regional General Hospital, is a public hospital located on West Sabu District and is owned and managed by the regency government. The hospital was classified as D-class hospital by the Ministry of Health.[26]
Transportation
[edit]Two sections of national roads, 060 and 061, connect the town of Mesara and Bolow from the east to western end of Savu Island, going through the middle of Seba town which is the largest town on the island. Total length of the national road in the regency as of 2023 is 44.71 km. This is supplemented with 39.0 km of provincial road, and the rest are regency-managed roads of 571.0 km. Around 366.52 km of the roads are paved with asphalt, while the rest have varying surface or unpaved. There is no national road in the smaller Raijua Island.[1] The regency is served by Tardamu Airport, with regular flights to neighbouring cities such as Kupang and Waingapu.[27] The main seaport of the regency is Seba Port, which connects the Savu Island to Raijua and neighbouring islands such as Rote Ndao. The port is served by a Sea Toll service.[28]
Others
[edit]Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, Kabupaten Sabu Raijua Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5320)
- ^ "[Metode Baru] Indeks Pembangunan Manusia - Tabel Statistik - Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia". www.bps.go.id. Retrieved 1 November 2024.
- ^ "[Metode Baru] Indeks Pembangunan Manusia - Tabel Statistik - Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia". www.bps.go.id. Retrieved 1 November 2024.
- ^ a b c d e Riwu Kaho, Robert (2005). Orang Sabu dan Budayanya. Jogja Global Media.
- ^ Muhtarom, Imam (13 December 2019). "Dunia Orang Sabu". kompas.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 1 November 2024.
- ^ a b Haba, Yuda D. Hawu (1 June 2021). "Perjumpaan Injil dan Budaya Di Kepulauan Sabu-Raijua Pada Abad XIX & XX". Matheteuo: Religious Studies. 1 (1): 39–52. doi:10.52960/m.v1i1.43. ISSN 2797-4103.
- ^ a b RNC (2 July 2021). "Kilas Sejarah: Awalnya Rote Dan Sabu Mau Digabung Jadi Satu Kabupaten - Rakyat NTT". Retrieved 1 November 2024.
- ^ "Mengenal Asal-Usul Orang Sabu - VoxNtt.com" (in Indonesian). 12 September 2016. Retrieved 1 November 2024.
- ^ a b c https://www.saburaijuakab.go.id/uploads/2022/Bapeda/RPJMD%20KAB.%20SABU%20RAIJUA%20TAHUN%202021-2026.pdf.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ Vorkink, M.W. & Harris, R.A. (2004) Tectonic Development of the Incipient Banda Arc-Continent Collision: Geologic and Kinematic Evolution of Savu Island, Indonesia. 2004 Denver Annual Meeting
- ^ Jefriando, Maikel. "Lewat Tol Laut, 14 Kontainer Garam Diangkut dari NTT ke Surabaya". detikfinance (in Indonesian). Retrieved 23 November 2024.
- ^ https://rri.co.id/daerah/855988/tambak-garam-berkontribusi-ciptakan-lapangan-kerja-sabu-raijua.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ Admin, Fortuna (4 April 2024). "PT.Nataga RaiHawu Industri Kirim 1.500 Ton Garam ke Surabaya". Fortuna (in Indonesian). Retrieved 23 November 2024.
- ^ "Produktivitas garam pada 39 kabupaten dan kota di Indonesia". https://lokadata.beritagar.id/ (in Indonesian). 14 March 2018. Retrieved 23 November 2024.
{{cite web}}: External link in|website= - ^ "KKP: Garam Sabu Raijua Berpotensi Topang Kebutuhan Nasional | tempo.co". Tempo (in Indonesian). 19 Agustus 2024 | 18.48 WIB. Retrieved 2024-11-23.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ a b "Tak Laku, Petani di Sabu Raijua Keluhkan Garam Menumpuk di Gudang". Pos-kupang.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 23 November 2024.
- ^ a b https://regional.kompas.com/read/2021/03/21/113017178/imbas-kebijakan-impor-20000-ton-garam-industri-di-sabu-raijua-ntt-nganggur?page=all.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ Raijua, Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Sabu. "Produksi Rumput Laut - Tabel Statistik". saburaijuakab.bps.go.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 5 December 2024.
- ^ "Dukung Pengembangan Rumput Laut di Sabu Raijua, Kementerian Kelautan Sediakan Bibit". Pos-kupang.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 5 December 2024.
- ^ Liputan6.com (4 March 2024). "Tantangan Budidaya Rumput Laut Ramah Lingkungan di Sabu Raijua NTT, dari Pelampung hingga Tengkulak". liputan6.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 5 December 2024.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "Ribuan Petani Rumput Laut di Sabu Raijua Belum Pulih dari Siklon Seroja". petani.id (in Indonesian). 26 February 2023. Retrieved 5 December 2024.
- ^ Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.
- ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.
- ^ "PDDikti". pddikti.kemdikbud.go.id. Retrieved 26 November 2024.
- ^ saburaijuakab.go.id https://saburaijuakab.go.id/berita/pendidikan_tinggi_di_sabu_raijua_segera_hadir. Retrieved 26 November 2024.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ "Pendayagunaan Dokter Spesialis". pgds.kemkes.go.id. Retrieved 23 November 2024.
- ^ https://hubud.dephub.go.id/hubud/website/bandara/119.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ "Jadwal Tol Laut KM Sabuk Nusantara 90 Mulai 5 November 2024, Sabu-Raijua Pulang Pergi, Ndao-Kupang". Pos-kupang.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 5 December 2024.
Regencies and cities of East Nusa Tenggara | ||
|---|---|---|
Capital: Kupang | ||
| Regencies |  | |
| Cities | ||