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Some policy implications

Avoiding wrongful convictions

safety doctrine^[1]

Identifying and processing innocence claims

using discipline of social science^[2] https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/241389.pdf

The rapid increase in the U.S. incarceration rate since the 1990s, occurring simultaneously with a drop in crime, helped raise the profile of wrongful convictions in the United States.^[3] The advent of DNA testing increasingly overturning death row convictions, and then other convictions (with or without DNA testing), further spurred debate on how many are actually innocent.^[4] Prosecutors also seek estimates of wrongful conviction rates to get ahead of Innocence Projects, including those leading a Conviction Review Unit^[5], and Criminal Cases Review Commission in parts of the UK. Although scholarly concern about wrongful convictions stretches back more than a century.^[6]^[7]^[8]

And if Innocence Projects legitimately require more resources to process an overwhelming volume of viable innocence claims.^[9]

Chart

250

500

750

1,000

1,250

1,500

Prison

Custody

Ex-prison

All felonies

.00016%
0.5%
15%

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Module:Chart

Compensation statutes

liability for exoneration compensation "The federal law that compensates the wrongfully convicted is not so stringent and allows the possibility of a person whose self-defense claim was improperly rejected to be exonerated and compensated."<Zalman> States adopting compensation legislation limit coverage to those demonstrating factual innocence, and other constraints excluding some exonerees from compensation eligibility.

External links

National Registry of Exonerations, a registry of exonerations in the United States since 1989; a joint project of the University of Michigan Law School and Northwestern University School of Law

References

^ Sangero, B. and Halpert, M. (2011), A safety doctrine for the criminal justice system, 2011 MichStLawRev 1293 (PDF)
^ Predicting erroneous convictions, Iowa Law Review 99:471. (PDF), retrieved 2019-04-30
^ Desilver, D. (2014-03-28), Lower support for death penalty tracks with falling crime rates, more exonerations. Pew Research Center., retrieved 2019-04-27 {{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
^ Innocence Project (2011-12-12), How Many Innocent People are in Prison?, retrieved 2019-04-27
^ Hollway, J. (2016), Conviction Review Units: A National Perspective. Penn Law: Legal Scholarship Repository. Paper 1614., retrieved 2019-04-27
^ Gould, J. (2010), One hundred years later: Wrongful convictions after a century of research. Journ Crim Law & Research 100:825-868., retrieved 2019-04-27
^ Borchard, E. M. (1913), European systems of state indemnity for errors of criminal justice, 3 J.Am.Inst.Crim.L.&Criminology 684.
^ Smith, B.P. (2005), The history of wrongful execution, 56 Hastings L.J. 1185, 1188-89.
^ Krieger, S. (2011), Why our justice system convicts innocent people, and the challenges faced by Innocence Projects trying to exonerate them. New Criminal Law Review: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal, 14:3, 333-402., retrieved 2019-04-27 {{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)

[safety-1] Sangero, B. and Halpert, M. (2011), A safety doctrine for the criminal justice system, 2011 MichStLawRev 1293 (PDF)

[Gould2-2] Predicting erroneous convictions, Iowa Law Review 99:471. (PDF), retrieved 2019-04-30

[Pew-3] Desilver, D. (2014-03-28), Lower support for death penalty tracks with falling crime rates, more exonerations. Pew Research Center., retrieved 2019-04-27 {{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)

[IP1-4] Innocence Project (2011-12-12), How Many Innocent People are in Prison?, retrieved 2019-04-27

[Hollway-5] Hollway, J. (2016), Conviction Review Units: A National Perspective. Penn Law: Legal Scholarship Repository. Paper 1614., retrieved 2019-04-27

[Gould-6] Gould, J. (2010), One hundred years later: Wrongful convictions after a century of research. Journ Crim Law & Research 100:825-868., retrieved 2019-04-27

[7] Borchard, E. M. (1913), European systems of state indemnity for errors of criminal justice, 3 J.Am.Inst.Crim.L.&Criminology 684.

[8] Smith, B.P. (2005), The history of wrongful execution, 56 Hastings L.J. 1185, 1188-89.

[Krieger-9] Krieger, S. (2011), Why our justice system convicts innocent people, and the challenges faced by Innocence Projects trying to exonerate them. New Criminal Law Review: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal, 14:3, 333-402., retrieved 2019-04-27 {{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)

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