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User:Michael Goodyear/Citation

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General

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-place within parentheses

Cite Templates

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  • Citation templates Citation: Cite
    • book
    • journal/periodical,
    • web, comic, comic strip, conference, court,
    • encyclopedia, episode,
    • news(paper), mailing list,
    • map, newsgroup, press release,
    • dictionary, patent,
    • AV media, video, notes

(movie, television production, documentary, etc.)

      • {{cite conference |url= |title= |first= |last= |author= |author-link= |date= |year= |conference= |conference-url= |editor= |others= |volume= |edition= |book-title= |publisher= |archive-url= |archive-date= |location= |pages= |format= |id= |isbn= |bibcode= |oclc= |doi= |access-date= |quote= |ref= |postscript= |language= |page= |at= |trans-title= }}
  • Also Template:citation + parameter, eg magazine
    • | journal =

| periodical = | newspaper = | magazine = or {{cite magazine}} | work =

Dictionary
  • {{cite dictionary|title=Woolf|work=Collins English Dictionary|publisher= Harper Collins Publishers|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/woolf|accessdate=2 February 2018|ref={{harvid|Collins|2018}}}}
Thesis
    • Template:Cite thesis degree= is equivalent to type=, |degree=MA displays as (MA thesis)
    • King, JaShong (2017). The Making of an Emperor: Categorizing Power and Political Interests in Late Roman Imperial Accessions (284 CE – 610 CE) (MA thesis). University of Ottawa.
      • {{cite thesis |last= |first= |date= |title= |type= |chapter= |publisher= |docket= |oclc= |url= |access-date=}}
Newspapers
    • Template:Cite news newspapers
      • {{cite news |last= |first= |date= |title= |url= |newspaper= |location= |access-date= }}
Press release
Encyclpedia
    • Template:Cite encyclopedia
      • {{cite encyclopedia | title = | encyclopedia = | volume = | pages = | publisher = | date = | id = | access-date = }}
Audiovisual
  • Template:Cite AV media
    • {{cite AV media |people= |date= |title= |trans-title= |medium= |language= |url= |access-date= |archive-url= |archive-date= |format= |time= |location= |publisher= |id= |isbn= |oclc= |quote= |ref= }}
  • Template:Cite AV media notes eg liner notes
    • {{Cite AV media notes | title = | title-link = | others = | year = | chapter = | url = | last = | first = | author-link = | first2 = | last2 = | author-link2 = | page = | pages = | at = | type = | publisher = | id = | location = | ref = }}
Web

Archive

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url=original url|archive-url=archived url|archive-date=date archived

Cite book

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  • Template:Cite book
    • {{cite book |last= |first= |date= |title= |url= |location= |publisher= |page= |isbn= |author-link= }} display-editors=etal
    • others: To record other contributors to the work, including illustrators. For the parameter value, write Illustrated by John Smith.
ISBN
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{{cite book|}}, see also journal, web, cite encyclopedia etc
see Cite in mark up bar
eg
<<ref name=Darwin>{{Cite book| last1=[[Charles Darwin|Darwin]] |first1=C. |year=1859 |title=[[The Origin of Species]] |publication-place=London|publisher=John Murray|url=http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/d/darwin/charles/d22o/complete.html|pages=235, 242 }}</ref>
Darwin, C. (1859). [[The Origin of Species]]. London: John Murray. pp. 235, 242. {{cite book}}: URL–wikilink conflict (help) can't embed title links if already url linked

<ref name=Will80>{{cite journal |last=Williams |first=M. |year=1980 |title=Self-sterility in ''Hippeastrum'' (''Amaryllis'') species |journal=Amaryllis Bulletin |volume=1 |page=20 }}</ref>
<ref name=amarorg>{{cite web |title=''Hippeastrum'' |publisher=Amaryllidaceae.org |url=http://www.amaryllidaceae.org/Hippeastrum/index.htm |accessdate=2013-11-30 }}</ref>

For url links with same name as page:
title=''{{PAGENAME}}''

|volume=|origyear=|edition=nd|ref=harv

  • Title:
  • title-link= Use rather than directly link - cannot use with url= See also Translation
  • type= Provides additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case. Displays in parentheses following the title. Examples: Thesis, Booklet, CD liner, Press release. Alias: medium. - eg (6 vols.)
  • format= Format of the work referred to by url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after title. HTML is implied and should not be specified. Automatically added when a PDF icon is displayed - eg (6 VOLS.)
    archive-url= dead-url=no| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201125410/http://ninaronsted.dk/page1/files/page1_6.pdf | archive-date = 11 February 2014
  • isbn= ISBN converter flag as [dead link‍]
  • date= For reprints: origyear=1906|year=2011
  • Template:Cite AV media notes
  • {{Cite AV media notes|title=Richard Wagner: Tannhäuser (Bayreuth Festival 1930)|year=2015|type= Liner notes|publisher = [[Naxos Records|Naxos]] |id=8.110094-95|ref={{harvid|Naxos|2015}}}}
    Richard Wagner: Tannhäuser (Bayreuth Festival 1930) (Liner notes). Naxos. 2015. 8.110094-95.
Chapters
Page
  • can ref as page=[url p. n] or page=n
Google Books
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eg

  • {{cite book|last1=Kubitzki|first1=K|last2=Rudall|first2=PJ|last3=Chase|first3=MC|title=Systematics and evolution: A brief history of monocot classification|url={{Google books|RSfrCAAAQBAJ|page=23|plainurl=yes}}|page=23|ref=harv}} In {{Harvtxt|Kubitzki|Huber|1998}}.

by inserting url={{Google books|(id)|page=|plainurl=yes}} into cite book

see also short footnotes

or

for page 223. i.e add &pg=PA'nn' to specify page

    • google.com preferred
  • limited access, use |url-access=, adds lock symbol eg

Williams, Stephen; Friell, Gerard (1994). Theodosius: The Empire at Bay. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07447-5.

Internet Archive
  • If full text available at IA, add {{link note|note=Available [https://archive.org/details/diversityclassif0000takh here] at [[Internet Archive]]}} , displays as (Available here at Internet Archive)
Journals
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  • Template:Cite journal
    • Template:Cite journal
      • | laysource = author title source| laysummary=url| laydate=date
      • use |display-authors=etal if there are multiple authors - displays as et al after named authors
      • vauthors is Vancouver style, eg |vauthors=Bannen R, Suresh V, Phillips GN Jr, Wright S, Mitchell J (can include et al at end ), for institutional authors ((Megabux Corp.)), see also Vancouver style
      • for named sections within article, use |at = title pp. rather than |pages=
    • as with Books consider whether type or format, eg type=review
    • format: Format of the work referred to by url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after title. (For media format, use type.)
    • type: Provides additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case. Displays in parentheses following the title. Examples: Thesis, Booklet, CD liner, Press release. Alias: medium.
    • at: For sources where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient. Overridden by |page= or |pages=. Use only one of |page=, |pages=, or |at=.

Examples: page (p.) or pages (pp.); section (sec.), column (col.), paragraph (para.); track; hours, minutes and seconds; act, scene, canto, book, part, folio, stanza, back cover, liner notes, indicia, colophon, dust jacket, verse.

|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316093889_Molecular-phylogenetic_characterization_of_Sedum_L_Crassulaceae_and_closely_related_genera_based_on_cpDNA_gene_matK_and_ITS_rDNA_sequence_comparisons
to - |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316093889

    • Academia: Simplify

url=https://www.academia.edu/9101127

DOI

Cite AVmedia

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  • Template:Cite AV media, note {{cite AV media notes}} is separate for liner notes.
  • {{cite AV media |people= |date= |title= |trans-title= |medium= |language= |url= |access-date= |archive-url= |archive-date= |format= |time= |location= |publisher= |id= |isbn= |oclc= |quote= |ref= }}

Cite Legislation

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all separate eg

  • Template:Cite Legislation AU - ? not compatible with ref=harv
  • Template:Cite legislation UK
  • Template:Cite act type=default act index=section etc
    • suitable for citing in text
    • For sfn prefer * {{cite |last=UK statutes |author-link=legislation.gov.uk|date=1913 |chapter=37 |title= National Insurance Act|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1913/37/pdfs/ukpga_19130037_en.pdf }}

Authors and editors

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Corporate authors can be used under last= eg. last=RHS,

or as collaboration= (collaboration: Name of a group of authors or collaborators; requires author, last, or vauthors listing one or more primary authors; follows author name-list; appends "et al." to author name-list.)

Use authorlink= or authorlink1= etc. instead of embedding author link

|last-author-amp=yes places & between last two authors
|display-authors=2 changes number of authors in citation actually displayed
|author-mask=2 or author-mask1= etc. replaces author name with blanks in repetitive list eg. ——; Flynn, George

{{aut|Manning, J.C., Forest, F., Devey, D.S., Fay, M.F. & Goldblatt, P.}} can be pasted into the cite template, but generates small caps. This can be avoided with {{Nocaps}} deprecated

  • For multiple authors, control display with |displayauthors=n or |display-authors=etal, which adds et al as last author
    • Eg just fill out first editor, then add display-editors=etal, eg |editor-first1=Stephen E.|display-editors=etal to display Hayes, Stephen E.; et al., eds.


Editor
  • editor should be substituted for author where appropriate, eg editorlink=
  • editor-last1= etc
  • exactly four editors will show three editors followed by "et al., eds." unless display-editors is used. - ie max three editors unless requested
  • editor1-first, or editors=
Et al
  • |display-authors=etal
  • |display-editors=etal

Translator

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  • Use |translator= and |translatorlink=

Chemical compounds

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Tools

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Language

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|language=
|for multiple languages =fr,la
language codes https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:LANGCODE&redirect=no


Translation

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|trans-title=Tokyo Tower - for English version |orig-year=First published 1859 - free form |others=FW Oliver et. al - translated by etc

  • If non-roman use script-title=

Short footnotes: Directing multiple citations to bibliography

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  • - does not support name=

Harvard

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To Reference, add In {{Harvtxt|Gray|1821}} outside of {{cite text}}
Displays as: ,In Gray (1821)
To Bibliography: add |ref=harv to {{cite text|last=Gray}}

For short footnote without using Cite: <ref name=Schimmel165>{{harvnb|Schimmel|1992|p=165}}</ref>
or
harvp is equivalent but places year in parentheses, as in Smith (2005). For et al use four authors in footnote (defaults) or place harvid in target

{{harvtxt|Smith|Jones|Brown|2005| p=25}}} = Smith, Jones & Brown (2005, p. 25)

harvp uses <ref>{{harvp|Harvey|1976|p=24}}</ref> in text but requires harvid in target, and is therefore longer than sfn

{{sfnref|}} is equivalent to |ref=harvid as |ref=CITEREFKienast

sfn

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  • Template:sfn
  • Template:sfnref
  • Template:sfnm allows multiple sources in one note
    • {{sfnm|author|year|author|year}} but if sfn uses multiple authors, then -
    • {{sfnm|1a1=Barker|1y=2001| 2a1=Stearn|2a2=Davis|2y=1984}}
  • Template:sfnp places parentheses () around year (stylistic alternative)
    • {{sfnp|Smith|2011}} gives Smith (2011) - places parentheses around (year)
Pagination p=
  • {{sfn|Schimmel|1992|p=165}} directly into text - places in references and links to bibliography.
    Or:{{sfn|Schimmel|1992|pp=165-170}} gives Schimmel 1992, pp. 165-170
Incorporating quote ps
  • {{sfn|Smith|2011|p=2|ps=: "A quote verifying the information."}} displays as - Smith 2011, p. 2: "A quote verifying the information."
  • BUT not with harvnb, as in hybrid. Use <ref>{{harvnb|Smith|2011|p=2}}: "A quote verifying the information."</ref> lmstead
  1. ^ Speta 1998.
  2. ^ Speta 1989.
  • Note: 4 authors contracts to et al

Don't need loc= if no url, ie |p=1

Incorporating direct link:

{{sfn|Brown|1810|loc=[http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21871#page/164/mode/1up Prodromus p. 296]}} = Brown 1810, Prodromus p. 296.

If no author but title, create anchor in bibliography using harvid, as ref={{harvid}}
eg {{sfn|Awaji|2006}} refers to

{{cite web|title=Awaji|date=2006|ref={{harvid|Awaji|2006}}}}

Inside Notes, embed {{harv|author|date|loc=}} or sfn. sfn will act as in text
harv places the reference in brackets, harvnb does not.
<ref>{{harvnb|}}</ref> will direct a short footnote to the References, but <ref group=notes>{{harvnb|}}</ref> will not, but retain it in Notes

ps=none suppresses final default full stop, which is recommended in CS2 ({{citation}}) Reed 1997 v Reed 1997.

citing sources unseen/not seen
  • 1. {{sfn|Stephen|1895|loc=cited in {{harvnb|MacCarthy|1937}}}}[1] or
  • 2. {{sfn|Stephen|1895|loc=cited in {{harvnb|MacCarthy|1937|loc=p. 39}}}}[2] or
  • 3. {{sfn|Stephen|1895|loc=cited in {{harvnb|MacCarthy|1937|loc=[https://books.google.com/books?id=k1RkAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA39 p. 39]}}}}[3]
  • 4. {{sfn|Meyer|2023|loc=(cited in {{harvnb|Kelly|1978|p=10)|loc=[https://archive.org/details/lhistoiredeguill03meyeuoft/page/28/mode/2up?view=theater p. 28]}}}}[4] adds both citation link and source page link
  • 5. {{sfn|Hoveden|1853|loc=cited in {{harvnb|Weir|2012|p=|loc=chapter 13}}}}}} [5]}} if details not available
  1. ^ Stephen 1895, cited in MacCarthy 1937.
  2. ^ Stephen 1895, cited in MacCarthy 1937, p. 39.
  3. ^ Stephen 1895, cited in MacCarthy 1937, p. 39.
  4. ^ Meyer 2023, (cited in Kelly 1978, p. 10), p. 28.
  5. ^ Hoveden 1853, cited in Weir 2012, chapter 13.
group
bundling

Can be bundled using ref as in Clitoris or sfnm

Walters (1992)[17] (Walters (1992){{sfn|Walters|1992}}) can be replaced with {{harvtxt|Walters|1992}} to give Walters (1992)

dates

7.2 More than one work in a year

Where there is a need to cite more than one work by the same author published in the same year, the standard way to disambiguate such works is to add a letter suffix after the year element of the [1] template (e.g. [2] and [3]).

sfn accepts date range, eg 1910–1911, but not actual date such as July 1910

reflist

use {{reflist|20em}} rather than 30 for sfn

Dictionaries
  • Template:Cite OED
  • {{Cite OED | term }}
  • http://www.oed.com.ezproxy.library.dal.ca/ i.e. add .ezproxy.library.dal.ca

Google

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combine with sfn, as

    • {{sfn|Stace|1989|loc={{Google books|title=The development of plant taxonomy|VfQnuwh3bw8C|page=17}}}}, gives
    • Stace 1989, The development of plant taxonomy, p. 17, at Google Books.

i.e. loc={{Google books|title=|(id)|page=}}


Bibliography

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  • template:refbegin
  • ==Bibliography =={{refbegin|30em}}{{refend}}
    • {{refbegin|indent=yes}}
Directing multiple refs to bibliography within reflist
  • <ref name=DodoPurg395>{{harvnb|Dodoens|1574|loc=[https://books.google.com/books?id=s7Kr82PE5nkC&pg=PA395 pp. 395, 397]}}</ref>, reference as <ref name=DodoPurg395/>

Hybrid style (listing urls in reflist when multiple urls from same site)

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For urls

1. <ref name=Linn/>

2. {{Reflist|2|refs= <ref name=Linn>{{harvnb|Linnaeus|1753|loc=[http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13829#page/454/mode/1up Class XI: Dodecandria. Monogynia. Gethyllis p. 442]}}</ref> }}

3. * {{cite book |last=Linnaeus |first=Carl |authorlink=Linnaeus|title=Species Plantarum |url= http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/669| year=1753 |publisher=Laurentii Salvii|location=Stockholm|accessdate=18 April 2015|ref=harv}} or ref={{harvid|Linnaeus|1753}}

Citation styles

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Reference lists (Reflist)

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Template:Reflist
{{reflist}}
{{reflist|n}} but {{Reflist|30em}} now preferred to {{Reflist|3}}

For separate reflist
{{Reflist|3|refs=}}

Split notes from refs by using group= for notes,
as in <ref group=notes>Note</ref>
and two reflists, eg {{reflist|group="notes"}} Displays in text as (superscript) [notes 1]

Grouped references

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  • <ref group=groupname>Content</ref>
  • {{reflist|group=groupname}}
  • efn & notelist use |group=
  • WP:REFGROUP for help and examples, eg

This part of the text requires clarification,[note 1] whereas the entire text is cited.[4] And this needs even more clarification.[note 2]. Also using sfn reference[5] and note[6]

Citation bot

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Where introduces errors, block with <!--Deny Citation bot--> eg * {{cite book<!--Deny Citation bot-->|last=Becker|first=Wilhelm|a

Verification

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Further reading (Bibliography)

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Notating citation

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Citation templates

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References

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  1. ^ [[#CITEREF|]].
  2. ^ Smith 2006a.
  3. ^ Smith 2006b.
  4. ^ Citation.
  5. ^ Smith 2010.
  6. ^ Thomas 2005.


Cite error: There are <ref group=note> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=note}} template (see the help page).

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