User:Jts1882/phylogeny/Placentalia (Halliday-2015)

Cladograms of extinct placentals based on Halliday in the Goswami lab.

Halliday et al (2015)

Based on fig 4 of Halliday et al (2015)

Stem Placentals

root

Peramus Deltatheridium Sheikhdzhelia Avitotherium Zhelestidae Gallolestes Alostera Parazhelestes Aspanlestes Zhelestes Paranyctoides Batadon [ †Cimolestidae] Maelestes [ †Cimolestidae] Bobolestes Zalambdalestidae Daulestes Butaklestes Uchkudukodon Kennalestes Asioryctes Ukhaatherium Kulbeckia Lainodon [or Leptictidae], Zhangolestes Barunlestes Alymlestes, Zalambdalestes Cimolestes [ †Cimolestidae] Eoryctes [ Palaeoryctidae Cimolesta] Puercolestes [ †Cimolestidae in Halliday-2015] Betonia [ †Cimolestidae] Chacopterygus [ †Cimolestidae] Procerberus [ †Cimolestidae] Purgatonius Protungulatum Gypsonictops [Gypsonictopidae] Lepticitis [Leptictidae] Prodiacodon [Leptictidae] Atlantogenata Boreoeutheria

Crown placentals

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Atlantogenata Xenarthra Chaetophracti Bradypus (three-toes sloths) Tamandua Utaetus Afrotheria Procavia Eritherium Potamogale Rhynchocyon Chambius Dilambdogale Widanelfarasia Boreoeutheria Euarchontoglires Glires+Scandentia Asiostylops Arctostylops Tribosphenomys Paramys Rhombomylus Gomphos x Ptilocercus Tupaia Cynocephalus Elpidophorus Worlandia Plagiomene Plesiadapis Notharctus Adaptis Elphidotarsius Cantius Saxnonella Bessoecetor Apatemys Mixodectes Laurasiatheria Eulipotyphla Centetodon Solendon Parapremodus Blarina Domnina Oreotalpa Uropsilus Desmana Wyonycteris Litocherus Adapisorex Echinosorex Aphelidae? Teilhardimys Macrocranon Alsaticopithecus Apheliscus Haplmylus Scrotifera EUUNGULATA Chiroptera‑Ferae Chiroptera Pteropus Onychonycteris Icaronycteris FERAE

Euungulata

Euungulata

Pleuraspidotheriidae Hilalia Orthaspidotherium (Meniscotheriinae, Phenacodontidae, Condylarth) Pleuraspidotherium (Meniscotheriinae, Phenacodontidae, Condylarth) (Condylarth) Desmatoclaenus (Arctocyonidae) Mimatuta (Anisonchinae, Periptychidae, Condylarthra) Protoselene (Hyopsodontidae, Condylarth) Todralestes (Pantolestidae, Pantolesta, Cimolesta) Euungulata Perissodactyla etc Lessnessina (Hyopsodontidae Condylarth) Tetraclaenodon (Phenacodontidae) Copecion (Phenacodontinae, Phenacodontidae, Condylarth) Ectocion (Meniscotheriinae, Phenacodontidae) Perissodactyla Homogalax Tapiromorpha Lambdotherium (Lambdotheriidae, formerly Brontotheriidae [=Titanotheriidae]) Eohippus Equidae Hyracotherium (Palaeotheriidae) Heptodon (Helaletidae, Tapiroidea, Ceratomorpha) Litolophus (†Eomoropidae, †Chalicotherioidea, †Ancylopoda) Artiodactyla etc Hyopsodus (Hyopsodontidae = "true" hyopsodontids) Meniscotherium (Meniscotheriinae, Phenacodontidae) Phenacodus (Phenacodontinae, Phenacodontidae Diacodexis (Diacodexeinae, Dichobunidae, Artiodactyla) Bunophorus (Diacodexeinae, Dichobunidae, Artiodactyla) Protolipterna (Protolipternidae, Meridiungulate) Homacodon (Homacodontinae / Dichobunidae) Cetartiodactyla Gobiohyus (Camelidae) Leptomeryx (Leptomerycidae Artiodactyla) Poebrotherium (Camelidae) Cetancodontamorpha Elomeryx (Anthracotheriidae) Cetaceamorpha Indohyus (†Raoellidae) Pakicetus (Pakicetidae Cetacea) Rodhocetus (Protocetidae Cetacea) (Whippomorpha)

Notes:

• (1) In Spaulding et al (2009), Hyopsodus and Phenacodus are basal to both Artio- and Perisso-dactyla: see figure
• (2) In Welker et al (2015), the South American ungulates Toxodon (Notoungulata) and Macrauchenia (Litopterna) grouped together as the sister clade to crown Perissodactyla based on molecular evidence (collagen).
• (3) In Cooper et al (2014), the Anthracobunidae and Desmostylia are stem taxa to the crown Perissodactyla: see figure

Ferae

Ferae

Triisodontidae Eoconodon Goniacodon (mesonychids?) Carnivoramorpha Didymictis [†Viverravidae] Viverravus [†Viverravidae] Protictis [†Viverravidae] Carnivoraformes Uintacyon Vulpavus Miacis (~Miacidae) (~Miacoidea) Mesonychia Hapalodectidae Hapalodectes Mesonychidae Ankalagon Dissacus Sinonyx Pachyaena Mesonyx group 1 Arctocyonidae Loxolophus (Loxolophinae) Arctocyon (Arctocyoninae) (part) Pantodonta‑Periptychidae clade Bisonalveus (Pentacodontinae, Pantolestidae, Pantolesta, Cimolesta) Pantodonta Alcidorbignya (Wangliidae, Pantodonta, Cimolesta) Esthonyx (†Tillotheriidae, Tillodontia, Cimolesta) Cyriacotherium [†Cyriacotheriidae/†Pantolambdoidea, Pantodonta) Coryphodon (Coryphodontidae, Pantodonta) Pantolambda (Pantolambdidae, Pantodonta) Titanoides (Titanoideidae, Pantolambdoidea, Pantodonta) Aphronorus (Pentacodontinae, †Pantolestidae, Pantolesta, Cimolesta) Pentacodon (Pentacodontinae, †Pantolestidae, Pantolesta, Cimolesta) Periptychidae Anisonchus Conacodon Haploconus Periptychus Ectoconus Hemithlaeus (Condylarth) group2+3 group 2 Pholidotamorpha Escavadodon (Escavadodontidae, Palaeanodonta) Onychodectes (Taeniodonta, Cimolesta) Wyolestes (mesonychid? Or Wyolestidae, Cimolesta) Leptacodon (? Possibly assigned to Soricomorpha) Palaeosinopa (Pantolestinae, Pantolestidae, Pantolesta, Cimolesta) Lambertocyon (Arctocyonidae?) Palaeanodon (†Metacheiromyidae, Palaeanodonta) Tubulodon (†Epoicotheriidae, Palaeanodonta) Simpsonotus (Henricosborniidae, Notoungulata; found in various positions in different analyses by Halliday-2017)) Pholidota Eomanis Eurotamandua sensu stricto (Pholidota sensu lato) group 3 Arctocyonidae Oxyclaenus (Oxyclaenidae or Oxyclaeninae within Arctocyonidae) Chriacus (Arctocyonidae) Thryptacodon (Arctocyonidae) Claenodon (Arctocyonidae) Anacodon (Arctocyonidae) (part) Didelphodus (Didelphodontidae =?palaeoryctid, see wiki:list of prehistoric mammals) Acmeodon (Didelphodontidae or palaeoryctida in Halliday-2017) Gelastops (Didelphodontidae or cimolestid in Halliday-2017) Palaeoryctidae Aaptoryctes Palaeoryctes Pararyctes (Cimolesta) Creodonta Hyaenodontidae Prolimnocyon Pyrocyon Oxyaenidae Dipsalidictis Tytthaena

HALLIDAY-GOSWAMI (2016)

Halliday TJD, Goswami A. 2016 The impact of phylogenetic dating method on interpreting trait evolution: a case study of Cretaceous–Palaeogene eutherian body-size evolution. Biol. Lett. 12: 20160051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0051

HALLIDAY-GOSWAMI (2016) classification

Placentia Peramus Deltatherium Sheikhdzheilia Avitotherium ZHELESTIDAE Paranyctoides Batodon Maelestes Bobolestes Daulestes Bulaklestes Uchkudukodon KENNALESTIDAE Kuibeckia Zhangolestes ZALAMBDALESTIDAE Cimolestes Eoryctes Puercolestes Betonnia Chacopterygus Procerberus Purgatorius Protungulatum Placentia Atlantogenata XENARTHRA AFROTHERIA Boreoeutheria LEPTICTIDA Prodiacodon Euarchontoglires ARCTOSTYLOPIDAE RODENTIA SCANDENTIA DERMOPTERA PRIMATES Laurasiatheria EULIPTYPHLA SCROTIFERA Scrotifera Laurasiatheria EULIPOTYPHLA Scrotifera Macrocranion APHELISCIDAE Scrotifera PLEURASPIDOTHERIDAE Desmatoclaenus Mimatuta Protoselene Todralestes PHENACODONTIDAE/PERISSODACTYLA Hyopsodus Meniscotherium Phenacodus Diacodexis Bunophorus Protolipterna Homacodon ARTIODACTYLA TRIISODONTIDAE CARNIVORA MESONYCHIA CHIROPTERA Bisonalveus PANTODONTA Molinodus Loxolophus Arctocyon Aphronorus Pentacodon PERIPTYCHIDAE Escavadodon Onychodectes Wyolestes Leptacodon Palaesinopa Tubulodon Simpsonotus Lambertocyon Palaenodon Eomanis Eurotamandua ARCTOCYONIDS Didelphodus PALAEORYCTIDAE Gelastops Acmeodon CREODONTA (???) (???)