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On July 13, 2017, House Amendment 183, an amendment which prohibits the United States Department of Defense from covering funding for medical treatments related to gender transition, except for mental health care, for individuals eligible for medical benefits under Chapter 55 of Title 10 of the U.S. Code., failed a House vote. Supporters of House Amendment 183 considered a procedural maneuver to include the proposal in a Pentagon spending bill without another direct vote. The strategy involved adding it through a rules package, bypassing a potentially contentious debate on the House floor. However, Speaker Paul Ryan and his leadership team, under pressure from moderate Republicans in the Tuesday Group, decided against the move, fearing it would appear hypocritical and undermine regular legislative processes.

With their legislative path blocked, some lawmakers turned to the White House for intervention. Conservatives lobbied the administration to quickly address the issue, urging them to prevent military funds from being used for transgender healthcare. Their plea resonated with key figures in the White House, including chief strategist Steve Bannon, who encouraged President Trump to act swiftly. On July 26, 2017, Trump announced on Twitter that transgender people would not be allowed to serve in the military "in any capacity", saying American forces could not afford the "tremendous medical costs and disruption" of transgender service members. The tweet had no legal effect as it does not constitute formal legal or policy action. It only a statement of intent to ban transgender individuals from serving in the U.S. military. Trump's unexpected decision to announce a complete ban on transgender individuals serving in the military, catching some Republicans off guard. Many had only anticipated a narrower policy targeting healthcare costs and were surprised by the broader scope of the ban, leading to regrets among some lawmakers.

On August 25, 2017, Trump signed the Presidential Memorandum for the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Homeland Security, which would prohibit open military service of transgender individuals, until there is adequate evidence to support the conclusion that ending this policy and practice will "not hinder military effectiveness and lethality, disrupt unit cohesion, or tax military resources".


, and there remain meaningful concerns that further study is needed to ensure that continued implementation of last year's policy change would not have those negative effects.

On January 1, 2018, transgender individuals were allowed to join the U.S. military for the first time under a court order.


They didn’t realize Trump was going to ban transgender people from serving in the military altogether.

But an internal House Republican fight over transgender troops was threatening to blow up the bill. And House GOP insiders feared they might not have the votes to pass the legislation because defense hawks wanted a ban on Pentagon-funded sex reassignment operations — something GOP leaders wouldn’t give them.

They turned to Trump, who didn’t hesitate. In the flash of a tweet, he announced that transgender troops would be banned altogether. 


On April 12, 2019, Directive-type Memorandum-19-004 took effect. The memorandum effectively prohibited, excluding openly transgender individuals who were enlisted prior to April 12, 2019, most transgender individuals from enlisting or serving openly in the U.S. military, unless they had not undergone gender transition and were willing to serve in their birth-assigned sex. It included a clause granting waivers to a transgender individuals which permits them serve in their preferred gender.[1][2]


According to GLAAD's Trump Accountability Tracker, the first presidency of Donald Trump executed 192 "executive orders, legislative support, speeches and nominations that affect LGBTQ people and rights."

2017

[edit]
  • January 20, 2017: Minutes after President Trump’s inauguration, the White House, Department of Labor, and Department of State websites removed references to LGBTQ rights, including the previous administration’s pages on LGBTQ equality.[3]
  • February 22, 2017: The Department of Education and Department of Justice rescinded Title IX guidance that protected transgender students’ rights to use bathrooms and locker rooms aligning with their gender identity.[4]
  • March 28, 2017: The Trump administration canceled plans to add questions about LGBTQ identity in the 2020 Census and the American Community Survey, excluding information that could have helped identify LGBTQ community needs.[5]
  • July 26, 2017: President Trump announced via Twitter that transgender individuals would be banned from serving in the military “in any capacity.”[6]
  • October 5, 2017: The Department of Justice issued a memo stating that Title VII of the Civil Rights Act does not protect transgender people from discrimination in the workplace, reversing the Obama administration’s interpretation.[7]
  • October 6, 2017: The Department of Health and Human Services rolled back the Affordable Care Act’s birth control benefit, allowing religious exemptions that could impact transgender men and nonbinary people who rely on contraceptive access.[8]

2018

[edit]
  • January 18, 2018: The Department of Health and Human Services created a Conscience and Religious Freedom Division, allowing healthcare providers to deny services to LGBTQ individuals, including transgender patients, based on religious or moral beliefs.[9]
  • March 23, 2018: The Pentagon implemented President Trump’s ban on transgender individuals serving openly in the military, impacting thousands of active-duty transgender service members.[10]
  • May 11, 2018: The Bureau of Prisons announced a policy to use “biological sex” as the determining factor for housing assignments for incarcerated individuals, affecting the placement and safety of transgender inmates.[11]
  • October 1, 2018: The State Department enforced a new policy that denied visas to same-sex partners of United Nations diplomats unless they were legally married, impacting diplomats from countries where same-sex marriage was illegal.[12]

2019

[edit]
  • April 12, 2019: The administration implemented its transgender military ban after a series of legal challenges, officially barring transgender individuals from serving openly.[13]
  • May 24, 2019: The Department of Health and Human Services announced it would revise Section 1557 of the Affordable Care Act, proposing to remove protections based on gender identity and sexual orientation. This rule change took effect in 2020.[14]
  • April 17, 2019: The Department of Health and Human Services ended data collection on sexual orientation and gender identity of youth and parents in the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS), reducing visibility of LGBTQ youth issues in foster care.[15]

2020

[edit]
  • January 16, 2020: Multiple government agencies issued a directive strengthening access to federal dollars for religious organizations, even if they discriminate based on sexual orientation or gender identity.[16]
  • June 12, 2020: The Department of Health and Human Services finalized a rule under Section 1557 of the ACA, removing gender identity protections, allowing discrimination against transgender individuals in healthcare settings.[17]
  • August 2020: The Department of Education reaffirmed its stance to withhold federal funding from schools allowing transgender athletes to compete in sports based on their gender identity, specifically targeting Connecticut schools.[18]
  • December 7, 2020: The Department of Labor announced a rule allowing federal contractors to claim religious exemptions to avoid nondiscrimination protections for LGBTQ employees, including transgender individuals. This rule took effect on January 8, 2021.[19]


During the First presidency of Donald Trump, the Trump Administration rescinded three guidances and one regulation that directly dealt with transgender rights, along with pressuring Franklin Pierce University to change its policy permitting transgender athletes to compete consistent with their gender identity to avoid an investigation by the DOE’s Office of Civil Rights.

one rule one regulation two guidance


GLAAD These actions encompassed areas such as healthcare, military service, education, and housing, significantly impacting the rights and protections of LGBTQ individuals during that period.


On April 21, 2016, Donald Trump participated in a live town hall on NBC's TODAY Show, engaging with voters and addressing various topics. During this event, he discussed his views on North Carolina's "bathroom bill," expressing that such decisions should be left to states and local communities rather than the federal government. This appearance provided insight into his policy positions during the 2016 presidential campaign.[20]

In an interview with Sean Hannity on Fox News on April 21, 2016, Donald Trump discussed North Carolina’s controversial “bathroom bill,” stating that while he understood the state’s perspective, he believed decisions about transgender bathroom access should be left to local communities and states rather than the federal government. Trump’s position emphasized federal non-involvement, likening it to his stance on other issues he feels should be state-governed, like education.[21]

On July 5, 2016, interview with The News & Observer before a rally in Raleigh, Trump expressed support for North Carolina’s stance on its controversial LGBT law, House Bill 2 (HB2). He remarked, “The state, they know what’s going on, they see what’s happening, and generally speaking I’m with the state on things like this.” He added that he had discussed the issue with North Carolina’s governor and other officials, reaffirming his support for the state's authority in the matter.[22]

On February 22, 2017, the U.S. Departments of Justice and Education rescinded Dear Colleague Letter on Transgender Student, the Obama-era guidance on transgender students’ bathroom access under Title IX, citing the need for state and local control in education policy, ongoing litigation, and reaffirming protections for LGBT students against discrimination and harassment.[23]

On April 14, 2017, following the repeal of House Bill 2 (HB2) and its replacement with House Bill 142 (HB142), the United States Department of Justice (DOJ) filed a motion to withdraw its lawsuit against the state of North Carolina. The motion stated that, in light of the passage of HB142, the DOJ would no longer pursue its legal action challenging HB2.[24]


Table of protected classes

[edit]

| | | | | | | | | | | |

State Age Ancestry Color Creed / religion Disability Ethnicity Gender expression / gender identity National origin Race Sex Sexual orientation Other categories
Alabama No
Alaska No No Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes No No
Arkansas No
Arizona
California No No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No
Colorado No No No No No No No No No Yes No No
Connecticut No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No
Delaware No No Yes No No No No Yes Yes Yes No No
Florida No No No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No No No
Georgia No
Hawaii No No No No No No No No Yes Yes No No
Illinois No No No No No No No No No Yes No No
Indiana No
Iowa
Louisiana Yes No No Yes No No No No Yes Yes No Yes
Maryland No No No No No No No No No Yes No No
Massachusetts No No Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes No No
Montana No No Yes Yes No No No No Yes Yes No Yes
Nebraska Yes Yes Yes Yes
Nevada Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes "sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, age, disability, ancestry" Ratified by the voters in 2022. [25][26]
New Hampshire Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
New Jersey Yes
New Mexico Yes
New York Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes "ethnicity, national origin, age, disability, creed [or], religion, or sex, including their sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, pregnancy, pregnancy outcomes, and reproductive healthcare and autonomy" "Nothing in this section shall invalidate or prevent the adoption of any law, regulation, program, or practice that is designed to prevent or dismantle discrimination on the basis of a characteristic listed in this section, nor shall any characteristic listed in this section be interpreted to interfere with, limit, or deny the civil rights of any person based upon any other characteristic identified in this section." Passed by the New York State Legislature on July 1, 2022, passed again on January 24, 2023.[27][28][29] Ratified by ballot measure November 5, 2024.[30]
Oregon Yes
Pennsylvania Yes Yes
Rhode Island Yes "gender, handicap"
Texas Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Utah Yes
Virginia Yes Yes Yes Yes
Washington Yes
Wisconsin
Wyoming Yes Yes Yes


  • 2019 IFBB Tampa Pro - 4th
  • 2021 IFBB Rising Phoenix World Championships - 4th
  • 2021 Ms. Olympia - 6th
  • 2022 IFBB Atlanta Pro - 1st
  • 2022 IFBB Rising Phoenix World Championships - 3rd
  • 2022 Ms. Olympia - 6th
  • 2023 IFBB Professional League Atlanta Pro - 2nd
  • 2023 IFBB Tampa Pro - 1st
  • 2023 IFBB Rising Phoenix World Championships - 3rd
  • 2023 Ms. Olympia - 6th
  • 2024 IFBB Lenda Murray Atlanta Pro - 1st
  • 2024 IFBB Tampa Pro - 2nd
  • 2024 IFBB Rising Phoenix World Championships - 5th


Results

[edit]

Derek Lunsford won the 59th edition of Mr. Olympia Men's Open competition in 2023, with a prize of $400,000. Hadi Choopan came in second with a prize of $150,000.[31] Ten other winners from multiple divisions were crowned during the two days of division finals, including Chris Bumstead, who won the Classic Physique title for the fifth consecutive time.[32]

Table key

  Winner
  Runner-Up
  Third place
  Last place
  No score
Place[33] Prize Name Country Judging Finals Total
1 $50,000 Angela Yeo United States United States 4 4
2 $25,000 Andrea Shaw United States United States 5 5
3 $12,500 Ashley Lynnette Jones United States United States 9 9
4 $7,500 Sherry Priami United States United States 13 13
5 $5,000 Michaela Aycock United States United States 14 14
6 Selyka Givan United States United States 18 18
7 Leyvina Rodrigues Barros Brazil Brazil 21 21
8 Sheena Ohlig United States United States 28 28
9 Julia Whitesel United States United States 29 29
10 Reshanna Boswell United States United States 33 33
11 Irene Andersen Sweden Sweden 36 36
12 Julia Foery Switzerland Switzerland 39 39
NS Desunka Dawson United StatesUnited States — —


Legislative history

[edit]

From July 18, 1975 onward, Arizona statutorily banned same-sex marriage. On July 22, 2003, Standhardt v. Superior Court of Arizona was filed by two same-sex couples who sought to overturn the state's ban on same-sex marriage. On October 8, 2003, the Arizona Court of Appeals ruled against the plaintiffs in the case of Standhardt v. Superior Court of Arizona, upholding the state's same-sex marriage ban. On December 9, 2003, the Arizona Supreme Court declined to review the case of Standhardt v. Superior Court of Arizona, which effectively allowed the Arizona Court of Appeals' decision to stand, which had upheld the state's ban on same-sex marriage.

On May 12, 2008, the AZ House passed as amended, by a vote of 33 in favor, 25 against and 2 not voting, SCR 1042, which had the Vietnam Veterans' Memorial Day part of it stricken out of the bill for a legislatively referred constitutional amendment banning same-sex marriage. On June 25, 2008, the AZ Senate passed, by a vote of 16 in favor, 4 against and 10 not voting, SCR 1042. On June 27, 2008, the AZ House passed, by a vote of 39 in favor and 21 against, SCR 1042, which put it on the November 2008 general ballot.

Chronologically

[edit]
Year 202 Bodybuilding Champion Bikini Champion Classic Physique Champion Figure Champion Fitness Champion Men's Bodybuilding Champion Men's Physique Champion Wellness Champion Women's Bodybuilding Champion Women's Physique Champion Prize purse Venue
2008 United States David Henry United States Toney Freeman Canada Nicole Ball
2009 United States Dennis James United States Marcus Haley (Best Poser Award) United States Betty Pariso United States Beverly DiRenzo (Best Poser Award)
2010 United States Jose Raymond United States Nicole Nagrani United States Ben White Slovenia Brigita Brezovac
2011 United States Al Auguste United States Diana Graham South Africa Marius Dohne Canada Catherine LeFrançois
2012 United States Nicole Nagrani United States Ann Titone Jamaica Shawn Rhoden United States Sarah Hayes United States Nola Trimble
2013 United States Courtney King United States Mallory Haldeman United States Michelle Blank United States Evan Centopani United States Tory Woodward United States Tammy Jones United States Valerie Gangi
Year 212 Bodybuilding Champion Bikini Champion Classic Physique Champion Figure Champion Fitness Champion Men's Bodybuilding Champion Men's Physique Champion Wellness Champion Women's Bodybuilding Champion Women's Physique Champion Prize purse Venue
2014 Japan Hidetada Yamagishi United States India Paulino United States Latorya Watts United States Bethany Wagner Dominican Republic Víctor Martínez Bosnia and Herzegovina Sadik Hadzovic United States Sheila Bleck United States Heather Grace
2015 United States Al Auguste United States Michelle Sylvia United States Ann Titone United States Whitney Jones United States Max Charles United States Brandon Hendrickson United States Margaret Martin Canada Mindi O'Brien
2016 Kuwait Ahmad Ashkanani United States Karene Gonzalez United States Terrence Ruffin United States Jennifer Taylor Brazil Marta Aguiar United States Akeim Williams United States Andre Ferguson United States Sheila Bleck United States Gloria Faulls
2017 United States Derek Lunsford Brazil Elise Pecini United States George Peterson Chile Maria Diaz Canada Myriam Capes Australia Joshua Lenartowicz United States Antoine Weatherspoon United States Jennifer Taylor
2018 Switzerland Nicolas Vullioud Canada Lauralie Chapados Canada Henri-Pierre Ano Canada Melissa Bumstead United States Jennifer Worth Puerto Rico Alexis Rivera United States Logan Franklin Romania Alina Popa United States Autumn Swansen
2019 United States John Jewett Philippines Maureen Blanquisco United States Abner Logan United States Nicole Graham United States Jennifer Worth United States Dexter Jackson United States Carl Presendieu Denmark Helle Trevino United States Sheila Bleck
2020 United States George Peterson Canada Jennifer Dorie United States Deontrai Campbell United States Latoya Farley Canada Ariel Khadr United States Hunter Labrada United States Andre Ferguson United States Renee Harshey United States LaDawn McDay United States Ivie Rhein
2021 United States Kerrith Bajjo Brazil Elisa Pecini Germany Urs Kalecinski United States Larhannah Robinson Russia Aurika Tyrgale Canada Iain Valliere United States Renee Jewett Canada Mona Poursaleh Czech Republic Lenka Ferencukova
2022 United States Keone Pearson United States Aimee Delgado United States Courage Opara Puerto Rico Jessica Padilla Russia Aurika Tyrgale United States Akim Williams United States Daniel Ammons Mexico Diana Carreno United States Chelsea Dion United States Jeannie Feldman
2023 Brazil Fabricio Moreira United States Ashlynn Little United States Matthew Greggo Mexico Queren Pacheco United States Allison Kramer United States Hunter Labrada United States Arya Saffaie Brazil Rayane Fogal United States Michaela Aycock
2024 United States Jordan Janowitz Brazil Elisa Pecini United States Justin Badurina Germany Lena Ramsteiner United States Amber Steffen United States Jon Delarosa Morocco Mehdi Kabbadj Germany Lisa Meiswinkel United States Kristina Mendoza South Africa Zama Benta


Sex-Based Designations for Privacy, Anti-Bullying, and Women's Opportunities Act
Utah State Legislature
  • This bill establishes a standard regarding distinctions on the basis of sex and applies the standard in certain facilities and opportunities where designations on the basis of sex address individual privacy, bullying, and women's opportunities.
Passed byUtah State Legislature
PassedJanuary 26, 2024
EnactedJanuary 30, 2024
Signed byGovernor Spencer Cox
SignedJanuary 30, 2024
EffectiveMay 1, 2024
Legislative history
Bill titleHouse Bill 257
Introduced byRepresentative Kera Birkeland
IntroducedJanuary 11, 2024
First readingJanuary 16, 2024 (Utah House of Representatives (UT House)), January 19, 2024 (Utah Senate (UT Senate)
Second readingJanuary 18, 2024 (UT House), January 24, 2024 (UT Senate)
Third readingJanuary 19, 2024 (UT House), January 25, 2024 (UT Senate)
Summary
Establishes sex-based privacy rules for public facilities and enforces anti-bullying protections in Utah schools.
Status: In force

Champions

[edit]
Year Arnold Classic champions Edward "Ed" Corney Best Poser Award champions Francesco "Franco" Columbu Most Muscular Award champions Posedown music Prize purse Venue
1989 United States Richard Gaspari Not available $55,000 + Trophies (1st, 2nd, 3rd place) Greater Columbus Convention Center, (Columbus (Cols.), Ohio (OH), United States of America (USA) (prejudging)
Franklin County Veterans Memorial, Cols., OH, USA (finals)
1990 United States Shawn Ray Michael Ashley Not available $60,000 + Trophies (1st, 2nd, 3rd place + Best Poser) + Car (1990 Cadillac)
1991 United States Shawn Ray Not available $65,000 + Trophies (1st, 2nd, 3rd place + Best Poser) + Car (1991 Hummer)
1992 United States Vince Taylor Not available $70,000 + Trophies (1st, 2nd, 3rd place + Best Poser)
1993 United States Kenneth Wheeler Not available $75,000 + Trophies (1st, 2nd, 3rd place + Best Poser) + Car (1993 Hummer)
1994 United States Kevin Levrone Not available $100,000 + Trophies (1st, 2nd, 3rd place + Best Poser) + Car (1994 Hummer)
1995 United States Michael Francois Not available $100,000 + Trophies (1st, 2nd, 3rd place + Best Poser) + Car (1995 Hummer)
1996 United States Kevin Levrone Not available $100,000 + Trophies (1st, 2nd, 3rd place + Best Poser)
1997 United States Kenneth Wheeler Not available $100,000 + Trophies (1st, 2nd, 3rd place + Best Poser)
1998 Not available $100,000 + Trophies (1st, 2nd, 3rd place + Best Poser) + Car (1998 Hummer)
1999 Serbia and Montenegro Nasser Sonbaty Not available $100,000 + Trophies (1st, 2nd, 3rd place + Best Poser)
2000 United States Kenneth Wheeler Not available $110,000 + Trophies (1st, 2nd, 3rd place + Best Poser) + Car (2000 Hummer)
2001 United States Ronald Coleman Not available $100,000 + Trophies (1st, 2nd, 3rd place + Best Poser) + Car (2001 Hummer)
2002 United States Jason Cutler Not available $100,000 + Trophies (1st, 2nd, 3rd place + Best Poser)
2003 Not available $110,000 + Trophies (1st, 2nd, 3rd place + Best Poser)
2004 Not available $110,000 + Trophies (1st, 2nd, 3rd place + Best Poser)
2005 United States Dexter Jackson Not available $100,000 + Trophies (1st, 2nd, 3rd place + Best Poser) + Car (2005 Dodge Viper)
2006 United States Melvin Anthony Not available $130,000 + Trophies (1st, 2nd, 3rd place + Best Poser) + Car (2006 Dodge Viper)
2007 Dominican Republic Víctor Martínez United States Marcus Haley Not available $130,000 + Trophies (1st, 2nd, 3rd place + Best Poser + Most Muscular) + Car (2007 Dodge Viper)
2008 United States Dexter Jackson United States Melvin Anthony United States Branch Warren Not available $130,000 + Trophies (1st, 2nd, 3rd place + Best Poser + Most Muscular)
2009 United States Leslie Greene United States Branch Warren Not available $130,000 + Trophies (1st, 2nd, 3rd place + Best Poser)
2010 Not available $130,000 + Trophies (1st, 2nd, 3rd place + Best Poser)
2011 United States Branch Warren Germany Dennis Wolf United States Branch Warren (Fan's Choice Award & Franco Columbu Most Muscular Award champion) Not available $130,000 + Trophies (1st, 2nd, 3rd place + Best Poser + Most Muscular + Fan's Choice)
2012 Not held United States Branch Warren (Most Entertaining Routine Award & Franco Columbu Most Muscular Award champion) Not available $130,000 + Trophies (1st, 2nd, 3rd place + Best Poser + Most Muscular)
2013 United States Dexter Jackson Not held Not available $130,000 + Trophies (1st, 2nd, 3rd place + Best Poser)
2014 Germany Dennis Wolf Not available $130,000 + Trophies (1st, 2nd, 3rd place + Best Poser)
2015 United States Dexter Jackson Not available $130,000 + Trophies (1st, 2nd, 3rd place + Best Poser) Greater Columbus Convention Center, Cols., OH, USA
2016 United States Leslie Greene Not available $130,000 + Trophies (1st, 2nd, 3rd place + Best Poser)
2017 United States Cedric McMillan Not available $130,000 + Trophies (1st, 2nd, 3rd place + Best Poser) + Car (2017 Dodge Challenger)
2018 Netherlands William Bonac United States Fred Smalls Curaçao Egberton Etienne-Winklaar Not available $130,000 + Trophies (1st, 2nd, 3rd place + Best Poser + Most Muscular)
2019 United States Brandon Curry Australia Joshua Lenartowicz Netherlands William Bonac Not available $130,000 + Trophies (1st, 2nd, 3rd place + Best Poser + Most Muscular) + Car (2019 Dodge Ram)
2020 Netherlands William Bonac United States Dexter Jackson Egypt Mamdouh Elssbiay Not available $130,000 + Trophies (1st, 2nd, 3rd place + Best Poser + Most Muscular)
2021 United States Nicholas Walker United States Sergio Oliva Jr. United States Nicholas Walker Not available $130,000 + Trophies (1st, 2nd, 3rd place + Best Poser + Most Muscular) + Car (2021 Dodge Ram)
2022 United States Brandon Curry Netherlands William Bonac Not available $130,000 + Trophies (1st, 2nd, 3rd place + Best Poser + Most Muscular)
2023 United Kingdom Samson Dauda Nigeria Chinedu Obiekea United States Nicholas Walker Not available $130,000 + Trophies (1st, 2nd, 3rd place + Best Poser + Most Muscular) + Car (2023 Dodge Ram)
2024 Iran Hadi Choopan United Kingdom Samson Dauda Iran Hadi Choopan Not available $150,000 + Trophies (1st, 2nd, 3rd place + Best Poser + Most Muscular) + Car (2024 Dodge Ram)

Top three

[edit]
Year Arnold Classic champions Runner−up 3rd place
1989 United States Richard Gaspari United States Robby Robinson United States Gary Strydom
1990 United States Shawn Ray Michael Ashley United States Mike Christian Austria Andreas Munzer
1991 United States Shawn Ray United States Renel Janvier United States Vince Taylor
1992 United States Vince Taylor France Mohammed Benaziza New Zealand Sonny Schmidt
1993 United States Kenneth Wheeler United States Lee Labrada United States Vince Taylor
1994 United States Kevin Levrone United States Vince Taylor United States Porter Cottrell
1995 United States Michael Francois United States Kenneth Wheeler United Kingdom Charles Clairmonte
1996 United States Kevin Levrone Canada Paul Dillett
1997 United States Kenneth Wheeler Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Nasser Sonbaty United States Michael Francois
1998 United States Vince Taylor
1999 Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Nasser Sonbaty United States Kevin Levrone United States Broderick Cormier
2000 United States Kenneth Wheeler United States Broderick Cormier United States Kevin Levrone
2001 United States Ronald Coleman United States Dennis James
2002 United States Jason Cutler United States Dexter Jackson
2003 Germany Markus Rühl
2004 United States Dexter Jackson
2005 United States Dexter Jackson Puerto Rico Gustavo Badell
2006 United States Branch Warren United States Víctor Martínez
2007 Dominican Republic Víctor Martínez United States Dexter Jackson United States Toney Freeman
2008 United States Dexter Jackson United States Phillip Heath United States Leslie Greene
2009 United States Leslie Greene Dominican Republic Víctor Martínez United States Branch Warren
2010 United States Phillip Heath
2011 United States Branch Warren Germany Dennis Wolf Dominican Republic Víctor Martínez
2012 United States Evan Centopani
2013 United States Dexter Jackson Canada Benjamin Pakulski United States Toney Freeman
2014 Germany Dennis Wolf United States Shawn Rhoden United States Cedric McMillan
2015 United States Dexter Jackson Germany Dennis Wolf United States Justin Compton
2016 United States Leslie Greene United States Cedric McMillan Australia Joshua Lenartowicz
2017 United States Cedric McMillan United States Dallas McCarver United States Maxx Charles
2018 Netherlands William Bonac United States Dexter Jackson United States Cedric McMillan
2019 United States Brandon Curry Netherlands William Bonac United Kingdom Luke Sandoe
2020 Netherlands William Bonac United States Dexter Jackson Egypt Mamdouh Elssbiay
2021 United States Nicholas Walker Canada Iain Valliere United States Steve Kuclo
2022 United States Brandon Curry Netherlands William Bonac
2023 United Kingdom Samson Dauda Nigeria Chinedu Obiekea United States Nicholas Walker
2024 Iran Hadi Choopan United Kingdom Samson Dauda

Exceptions

[edit]

The law includes several exceptions to the restrictions on entering sex-designated changing rooms:

  • Minor children: A minor child may enter a sex-designated changing room if they require assistance and are accompanied by a parent, guardian, or relative whose sex corresponds to the changing room's designation.
  • Dependent minors or adults: Dependent minors or adults who need assistance can enter a sex-designated changing room accompanied by a caretaker whose sex corresponds to the changing room's designation.
  • Public safety services: Law enforcement, emergency medical services, or fire protection personnel may access a sex-designated changing room while performing public safety services.
  • Health care providers: Employees of health care facilities may access sex-designated changing rooms to provide health care services to patients.
  • Maintenance staff: Individuals whose job duties include the maintenance or cleaning of the changing room are allowed to access the area.
  • Unisex or single-occupant facilities.
  • Sex-designated changing rooms not open to the general public.
  • Transgender individuals who has undergone sexual reassignment surgery and legally changed their sex on their birth certificate.
  • Intersex individuals.


The Sex-Based Designations For Privacy, Anti-Bullying, And Women's Opportunities Act is a law passed in Utah in 2023. It establishes regulations for the use of restrooms and other public facilities based on an individual’s biological sex at birth, mandates anti-bullying initiatives, and promotes measures to ensure women's participation in public and educational spaces. The law is part of a broader national trend involving legislation that affects transgender individuals, as it restricts access to facilities based on sex assigned at birth and aims to address privacy, safety, and fairness in public and educational institutions. The law was passed despite opposition from civil rights groups, and it has faced legal challenges since its implementation.

Provisions

[edit]

The Sex-Based Designations For Privacy, Anti-Bullying, And Women's Opportunities Act has the following key provisions:

  • **Facility Usage**: Individuals are required to use restrooms, locker rooms, and changing facilities that align with the sex they were assigned at birth. This applies to public schools, government buildings, and state-run institutions. Unisex options must be provided where necessary.[34]
  • **Anti-Bullying Measures**: The law includes provisions for anti-bullying programs that focus on protecting students from harassment, particularly in educational settings. It aims to promote a safe and supportive environment for all students, with a focus on protecting privacy.[35]
  • **Women's Opportunities**: The law includes specific language to promote and protect women's participation in sports and educational programs. It sets guidelines for ensuring that spaces and opportunities traditionally reserved for women remain accessible to them based on their biological sex.[36]

Facilities Covered

[edit]

The following public facilities and private facilities that receive public funding, operates in a publicly owned or controlled building or has shared and communal privacy spaces are covered by the Sex-Based Designations For Privacy, Anti-Bullying, And Women's Opportunities Act:

Approximately 23.5% of private facilities and 52.9% of public facilities covered:

  • Assisted living facilities
  • Colleges
  • Correctional institutions
  • Domestic violence centers
  • Healthcare facilities
  • K-12 schools
  • Massage establishments
  • Shelters
  • State government buildings with restrooms or changing facilities
  • Pain management clinics
  • Substance abuse treatment centers
  • Universities

Penalties

[edit]

Violations of the facility use provisions can result in penalties, including fines or misdemeanor charges. Institutions that fail to comply with the law may face civil penalties or legal action by the state's attorney general. Additionally, public schools are required to establish internal disciplinary procedures for violations of the act by staff or students.[37]

[edit]

Following the enactment of the law, several civil rights organizations, including the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), filed lawsuits arguing that the act violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, as well as Title IX protections for transgender students. A preliminary injunction has been sought to pause enforcement of the law while litigation is ongoing.[38]

Exceptions

[edit]

The law provides for a few exceptions to the facility use requirement, including:

  • Providing assistance to individuals due to age, disability, or medical needs.
  • Emergency situations that require immediate access to facilities.
  • Individuals undergoing medical treatment for intersex conditions under a doctor's supervision.[39]

Reactions

[edit]

Supporters of the law argue that it ensures privacy and safety in gender-segregated spaces and protects women's opportunities in sports and other areas. They also highlight the importance of reinforcing traditional values regarding sex and gender. However, critics, including LGBTQ+ advocacy groups, argue that the law discriminates against transgender individuals and compromises their dignity and access to public spaces.[40]

See Also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Military Service by Transgender Persons and Persons with Gender Dysphoria". Health.mil. U.S. Department of Defense. March 17, 2020. Retrieved November 14, 2024.
  2. ^ "In-Service Transition for Transgender Service Members" (PDF). Defense.gov. U.S. Department of Defense. September 4, 2020. Retrieved November 14, 2024.
  3. ^ "After Trump Inauguration, LGBTQ References Removed From White House Website". NPR. January 20, 2017. Retrieved November 14, 2024.
  4. ^ "Trump Administration Rescinds Obama-Era Protections for Transgender Students". The New York Times. February 22, 2017. Retrieved November 14, 2024.
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  6. ^ "Trump Says Transgender People Will Not Be Allowed in the Military". The New York Times. July 26, 2017. Retrieved November 14, 2024.
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Gengeros/sandbox
StarringHelle Trevino
Distributed byVice Sports
Release date
2016
Running time
Unknown
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish

The Last of the Iron Sisters is a 2017 episode of VICE Sports' SWOLE documentary series that focuses on Danish professional female bodybuilder Helle Trevino and her preparing and competing at the 2016 Rising Phoenix World Championships.

Plot

[edit]

The documentary starts backstage at the 2016 Rising Phoenix World Championships with Helle Trevino praying to God.


The Rising Phoenix is one of the last places for women to compete in bodybuilding. The event was created in 2015 after a series of women’s competitions cut out the bodybuilding division. Jake and Krystal Wood explain why they, as fans, were concerned about the possibility of canceling female bodybuilding division and shows and founded the Rising Phoenix.

We saw kind of a problem happening. They were canceling female bodybuilders division and the shows. Both of us, being fans, were really concerned. And we didn’t even know what to do. We just stepped in. 01:37 There's still a lot of people out there that can't accept the idea that a women has muscles, that a women is physically strong. And that's one of the things that I would really love to see change. In this industry we call each other “iron sisters.” And so many times we’ll see people be mean to us because we’re different. 02:00 And to put them up on a stage and celebrate that they’re different, I have the utmost respect for them. People are looking at their body and they’re looking at them, but they’re not seeing what’s inside. And what's inside is someone who was brave enough to just say, “This is what I want, no matter what the world tells me. 02:30 ” This is not a sport where you can just go to the gym and go out and drink a beer with your buddies. It’s like, you have a schedule with your food; you’ve got to time it. You have to eat on time, you train on time, you do cardio on time. Everything is very detailed. There's no such thing as just being lucky. 02:48 Anything in life, you got to work hard at it, especially on ourselves.


Helle Trevino is a professional Danish bodybuilder who now lives in Venice, Los Angeles California. She is preparing for the 2016 Rising Phoenix women’s bodybuilding competition. She says anywhere she goes she's recognized as a bodybuilder, so she feels even stronger representing her sport with her appearance. She adds that if she acts crazy or yells that it reflects badly on not just her, but also for her sport.

She starts cooking chicken and explains she cooks big and for the week.

I just love chicken. I think I know how to make chicken a hundred different ways. No joke. Cook big, cook for the week, then it’s just easier. Come on in. -Hey, Austin. -How are you? -Sorry, I was just eating. -No, it's all good. 03:45 Nice! Pretty big case. How are you? Good. Are you excited? Yeah, I'm super excited. Two days. I know, man. I’m nervous for you. I mean, the shape’s there. I know. I think whenever something is different, like a woman is super muscular, it’s like, “Oh, she wants to be a guy,” or, “She wants to be a transsexual. 04:09 " It's like people are trying to find some kind of weird explanation or overthinking. Maybe that’s just my ideal of beauty. Maybe I like to be strong mentally and physically. It makes you be better, do better. It builds character, it builds discipline. I always had it in me that I wanted to be the best. I like to be different. I like the extreme. 04:38 And also be a role model, inspire people like I was inspired. I'm an online trainer and coach. So I draw up diet plans, training plans, stuff like that. So I’ll work a little and then I’ll go back to the gym in the evening and do another hour of cardio, another session. Sometimes I'll also do some posing. 05:01 I like the feeling when people look at me. Even if I go power walking here, I get a lot of comments. People are like, “Wow!” With bodybuilding, it’s like you can decide what kind of size you want. And that's why we also have so many categories today. It’s not just bodybuilding anymore. It’s bikini, figure, fitness, physique, bodybuilding. 05:31 So it’s all about muscle shape, but it’s small, bigger, a little bigger, and biggest. And I'm in the biggest category. You think of bodybuilding, you think of men. And the women had to fight to be on the stage. They thought and said that that was too muscular. Even as an amateur, my goal was to go to Ms. 06:07 Olympia, to be the best in the world. And so now you’re telling me there’s no place for me. Like, now what? [For 34 years, Ms. Olympia was] the biggest event in women’s bodybuilding.] [It ended its event in 2015,] [the same year Rising Phoenix was started.] When I talk to the competitors, most of us, we all have that same conversation that we have this place to go, this place to compete, and that’s exciting. 06:37 There will be off days when you doubt yourself. “Have I made the improvements? Will I be good enough? Am I working hard enough? Am I doing the right things?” People are always on your side when it's going well and you're winning. And then when you’re down and it’s going bad, they’re like, “Oh, maybe you should give up. 06:55 ” My motto is, “It’s hard to beat someone who doesn’t give up.” But I’m definitely getting excited. This sport is all about preparation, so I started 2nd of November last year to prepare for this competition. The prize money for this show is pretty high. It’s $50,000 cash and a $65,000 Jeep. Last year I was second. 07:22 I’m one of the favorites to win this year, so I hope that I have the package that the judges will like. It’s really nice. -Very pretty. -Good? -Yeah, -OK. Are you happy with the color and stuff? The face, body? Yes, I was going to ask. I can deepen it a little bit, but I know we like it lighter. 08:00 But if you want I can-- Just deepen it a little bit. OK, let me get this. I have to be at rehearsal in five minutes. OK. So we got to make it quick. I have the opportunity to win this competition, so I don't want to compromise. This is crazy. My phone has been beeping all day like crazy. It’s just really emotional for me that my friends and my family, they’re all behind me, and I just get so many messages from everybody. 08:49 This is my sister, she's pretty buff too. Yeah, it's in the family. This is the 18 best female bodybuilders in the world. 18 best. They came from all over the world, flew in to compete here. Better go in and see what’s going on.

The IFBB Pro League 2016 Rising Phoenix World Championships, held at the Talking Stick Resort in Scottsdale, Arizona, showcases the best in all professional women bodybuilding from around the globe. It is held in conjunction with the IFBB Pro League Wings of Strength Arizona Pro, which features every IFBB Pro League division for women on the stage.

Helle says some women don't want to look that muscular, but empathized that this is 2016 and that it's not a time to tell women what they can and cannot be.

Helle comes in fourth place. She said the judges must be looking for a look that they're going for and she didn't have, so she's going to improve by getting some feedback from the judges and work on it. She says she will come back next year and take the title next year (which she does do at the 2017 Rising Phoenix World Championships).

[edit]


Europe
Country Date criminalized Penalty for first-time non-violent bestiality offense
 France 10 March 2004 Misdemeanor, up to 2 years imprisonment and a fine up to €30,000[1]
 Belgium 11 May 2007 Misdemeanor, up to 1 month to 3 years imprisonment and a fine between €52 to €2,000[2]
 Norway 1 January 2010 Misdemeanor, up to 1 year imprisonment and a fine up to 75,000 NOK[3]
 Netherlands 1 July 2010 Misdemeanor, up to 1 year imprisonment and a fine up to €19,500[4]
 Finland 1 September 2011 Misdemeanor, up to 2 years imprisonment and a fine using the day-fine system[5]
 Germany 13 December 2012 Administrative offense, a fine up to €25,000[6]
 Iceland 1 January 2014 Misdemeanor, a fine using the day-fine system[7]
 Sweden 1 April 2014 Misdemeanor, up to 2 year imprisonment and a fine using the day-fine system[8]
 Spain 30 March 2015 Administrative offense, between 1 to 30 days of community service, a fine between 1 to 2 months using the day-fine system and a special disqualification between 3 months to 1 year imposed for the exercise of a profession, trade or trade that is related to animals and for the possession of animals[9]
 Denmark 1 July 2015 Misdemeanor, a fine determined by a case-by-case basis[10]

Outside the United States of America:

France (illegal since March 10, 2004),[11] Belgium (illegal since May 11, 2007),[12][13][14] Netherlands (illegal since 2010),[15] Norway (illegal since January 1, 2010),[16] Australian Capital Territory (illegal since 2011),[17] Germany (illegal since 2013),[18] Sweden (illegal since January 1, 2014),[19] Denmark (illegal since April 2015),[20]


Gengeros/sandbox
The 2008 Ms. Olympia stage.
Date establishedAugust 30, 1980 (44 years old)
VenueLas Vegas Convention Center (South Hall 1 & 3; pre-judging) and Resorts World Theatre (finals)
Coordinates36°07′47″N 115°09′04″W / 36.1297°N 115.1511°W / 36.1297; -115.1511 (Las Vegas Convention Center) and 36.1317°N 115.1614°W (Resorts World Theatre)
Part ofJoe Weider's Olympia Fitness & Performance Weekend (2000 – 2014 & 2020 – present)
FoundersJoe Weider and George Snyder
Previous ownersJoe Weider (Weider Publications; 1980 – 2003) and David Pecker (American Media, Inc.; 2004 – 2014)
Previous promotersGeorge Snyder (1980 – 1983), Wally Boyko (1984 – 1987), Ben Weider (1998 – 1997), Jarka Kastnerova (1999), Bob Bonham and Kenny Kassel (1999), Wayne DeMilia (2000 – 2003) and Robin Chang (2004 – 2014)
Sports governing bodyInternational Federation of Bodybuilding & Fitness Professional (IFBB Pro) League (2006 – 2014 & 2020 – present) ← IFBB Pro Division (2004 – 2005) ← International Federation of Bodybuilders (IFBB) Pro Division (2000 – 2003) ← IFBB Pro Committee (1980 – 1999)
Current championAndrea Shaw
Previous championsRachel McLish, Ritva Elomaa, Carla Dunlap, Corinna Everson, Lenda Murray, Kim Chizevsky, Valentina Chepiga, Andrulla Blanchette, Juliette Bergmann, Iris Kyle, Dayana Cadeau and Yaxeni Oriquen-Garcia
SponsorsDigital Muscle, Flex, Muscle & Fitness, Muscle & Fitness Hers and Wings of Strength (2023)
Websitemrolympia.com/ms-olympia


Election Date County, Municipality, or State Referendum Name Goal Gender identity included? Yes Votes % Yes Votes No Votes % No Votes % Voter Turnout Outcome
May 7, 1974 Boulder, Colorado Gay Rights Ordinance Repeal gay rights ordinance No 12,755 63% 7,562 37% Passed
June 7, 1977 Miami-Dade County, Florida Gay Rights Ordinance Repeal gay rights ordinance No 202,319 69.3% 89,242 30.7% Passed
November 7, 1978 California Proposition 6 Ban gay and lesbian teachers No 1,949,380 41.5% 2,750,807 58.5% 70.41% Defeated
April 25, 1978 St. Paul, Minnesota Gay Rights Ordinance Repeal gay rights ordinance No 55,265 63.1% 32,503 36.9% Passed
May 9, 1978 Wichita, Kansas Gay Rights Ordinance Repeal gay rights ordinance No 47,731 80% 11,978 20% Passed
May 23, 1978 Eugene, Oregon Gay Rights Ordinance Repeal gay rights ordinance No 21,381 64.3% 11,868 35.7% Passed
November 7, 1978 Seattle, Washington Initiative 13 Repeal employment and housing ordinance protecting gay rights No 94,546 37.1% 160,822 62.9% Defeated
June 3, 1980 Santa Clara County, California Gay Rights Ordinance Repeal gay rights ordinance No 130,377 70.2% 55,301 29.8% Passed
June 3, 1980 San Jose, California Gay Rights Ordinance Repeal gay rights ordinance No 50,914 75.2% 16,763 24.8% Passed
January 16, 1982 Austin, Texas Housing Ordinance Repeal housing ordinance protecting gay rights No 27,928 47% 31,093 53% Defeated
November 6, 1984 Duluth, Minnesota Gay Rights Ordinance Repeal gay rights ordinance No 22,763 76% 7,198 24% Passed
January 19, 1985 Houston, Texas Gay Rights Ordinance Repeal city hiring, promotion, and contracting ordinance protecting gay rights No 58,819 82% 12,913 18% Passed
March 4, 1986 Davis, California Gay Rights Ordinance Repeal gay rights ordinance No 1,892 42% 2,614 58% Defeated
November 8, 1988 Oregon Measure 8 Revoke Executive Order 83-06, which prohibited discrimination based on sexual orientation in state employment and in state contracting No 626,751 52.75% 561,355 47.25% 77.73% Passed
November 7, 1989 Athens, Ohio Ordinance 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 3,642 53% 3,211 47% Passed
November 7, 1989 Irvine, California Ordinance 7 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 10,798 53% 9,539 47% Passed
November 7, 1989 Concord, California Ordinance 4 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 8,387 50.2% 8,317 49.8% Passed
November 7, 1989 Tacoma, Washington Proposition 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 20,483 51.2% 19,548 48.8% Passed
November 6, 1990 Wooster, Ohio Housing Law Repeal housing law protecting gay rights No 2,795 63% 1,642 37% Passed
November 5, 1991 St. Paul, Minnesota Gay Rights Ordinance Repeal gay rights ordinance No 56,686 46% 66,616 54% Defeated
May 19, 1992 Corvallis, Oregon Gay Rights Ordinance Repeal gay rights ordinance No 2,478 37% 4,217 63% Defeated
May 19, 1992 Springfield, Oregon Gay Rights Ordinance Repeal gay rights ordinance No 8,828 55.4% 7,101 44.6% Passed
November 3, 1992 Colorado Amendment 2 Prevent any state or local government from enacting laws or policies that provided legal protections or benefits based on sexual orientation No 710,151 46.6% 813,966 53.4% 76.19% Passed
November 3, 1992 Oregon Measure 9 Prohibit legal protections based on sexual orientation No 638,527 43.5% 828,290 56.5% 82.62% Defeated
May 18, 1993 Cornelius, Oregon Measure 34-5 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 981 61.74% 608 38.26% Passed
June 29, 1993 Canby, Oregon Gay Rights Ordinance Repeal gay rights ordinance No 1,097 57% 829 43% Passed
June 29, 1993 Junction City, Oregon Gay Rights Ordinance Repeal gay rights ordinance No 763 55% 616 45% Passed
June 29, 1993 Douglas County, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 3,283 60% 2,192 40% Passed
June 29, 1993 Josephine County, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 3,641 62% 2,232 38% Passed
June 29, 1993 Klamath County, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 2,289 64% 1,285 36% Passed
June 29, 1993 Linn County, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 4,135 61% 2,672 39% Passed
September 21, 1993 Creswell, Oregon Gay Rights Ordinance Repeal gay rights ordinance No 428 56% 333 44% Passed
September 21, 1993 Estacada, Oregon Gay Rights Ordinance Repeal gay rights ordinance No 688 61% 438 39% Passed
September 21, 1993 Grants Pass, Oregon Gay Rights Ordinance Repeal gay rights ordinance No 2,582 52% 2,363 48% Passed
September 21, 1993 Gresham, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 10,191 64.4% 5,616 35.6% Passed
September 21, 1993 Lebanon, Oregon Gay Rights Ordinance Repeal gay rights ordinance No 818 65% 431 35% Passed
September 21, 1993 Medford, Oregon Gay Rights Ordinance Repeal gay rights ordinance No 2,835 59% 1,969 41% Passed
September 21, 1993 Sweet Home, Oregon Gay Rights Ordinance Repeal gay rights ordinance No 1,024 60% 674 40% Passed
September 21, 1993 Jackson County, Oregon Gay Rights Ordinance Repeal gay rights ordinance No 4,027 64% 2,264 36% Passed
November 2, 1993 Portsmouth, New Hampshire Gay Rights Law Repeal gay rights law No 1,893 53% 1,679 47% Passed
November 2, 1993 Portland, Maine Gay Rights Law Repeal gay rights law No 20,939 43% 27,585 57% Defeated
November 2, 1993 Tampa, Florida Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 18,945 58.5% 13,469 41.5% Passed (Later voided)
November 2, 1993 Cincinnati, Ohio Ballot Issue 3 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 92,532 67% 45,935 33% Passed
November 2, 1993 Lewiston, Maine Anti-discrimination Ordinance Repeal anti-discrimination ordinance No 5,605 68% 2,627 32% Passed
November 2, 1993 Keizer, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 2,539 59% 1,758 41% Passed
November 2, 1993 Oregon City, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 4,032 56% 3,203 44% Passed
March 22, 1994 Albany, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 1,782 57% 1,345 43% Passed
March 22, 1994 Junction City, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 763 55% 616 45% Passed
March 22, 1994 Turner, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 238 61% 151 39% Passed
March 22, 1994 Marion County, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 3,621 61% 2,280 39% Passed
March 22, 1994 Douglas County, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 3,382 60% 2,274 40% Passed
March 22, 1994 Josephine County, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 3,707 63% 2,181 37% Passed
March 22, 1994 Jackson County, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 3,545 60% 2,319 40% Passed
November 8, 1994 Oregon Measure 13 Prohibit anti-discrimination protections based on sexual orientation No 592,746 34.41% 630,628 65.59% 66.75% Defeated
November 8, 1994 Idaho Proposition 1 Prohibit anti-discrimination protections based on sexual orientation No 202,681 50.4% 205,754 49.6% 58.31% Defeated
November 8, 1994 Portland, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 37,872 56% 29,499 44% Passed
November 8, 1994 Eugene, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 12,707 54% 10,831 46% Passed
November 8, 1994 Springfield, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 6,098 62% 3,708 38% Passed
November 8, 1994 Corvallis, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 2,782 55% 2,309 45% Passed
November 8, 1994 Ashland, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 2,334 65% 1,260 35% Passed
November 8, 1994 Lincoln County, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 4,381 59% 3,085 41% Passed
November 8, 1994 Albany, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 1,782 57% 1,345 43% Passed
November 8, 1994 Dallas, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 1,299 61% 833 39% Passed
November 8, 1994 Canby, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 1,097 57% 829 43% Passed
November 8, 1994 Sweet Home, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 1,024 60% 674 40% Passed
November 8, 1994 Lebanon, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 818 65% 431 35% Passed
November 8, 1994 Gresham, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 12,224 52.8% 10,930 47.2% Defeated
November 8, 1994 Medford, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 2,835 59% 1,969 41% Passed
November 8, 1994 Grants Pass, Oregon Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 2,582 52% 2,363 48% Passed
November 8, 1994 Portland, Maine Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 20,939 43% 27,585 57% Defeated
November 8, 1994 Portsmouth, New Hampshire Measure 9 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 1,893 53% 1,679 47% Passed
November 8, 1994 Tampa, Florida Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 18,945 58.5% 13,469 41.5% Passed (Later voided)
November 8, 1994 Cincinnati, Ohio Measure 3 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 92,532 67% 45,935 33% Passed
November 8, 1994 Cleveland, Ohio Measure 3 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 43,102 70% 18,427 30% Passed
November 7, 1995 Maine Question 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 193,938 46.68% 221,562 53.32% Defeated
November 7, 1995 San Francisco, California Proposition K Repeal gay rights ordinance No 111,455 67% 55,252 33% Defeated
November 7, 1995 Berkeley, California Measure D Repeal gay rights ordinance No 29,504 61% 18,759 39% Defeated
November 5, 1996 Colorado Springs, Colorado Measure 2 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 39,204 54% 33,558 46% Passed
November 5, 1996 Denver, Colorado Measure 1A Repeal gay rights ordinance No 131,839 60% 87,759 40% Passed
November 5, 1996 Fort Collins, Colorado Measure 2B Repeal gay rights ordinance No 14,898 57% 11,192 43% Passed
November 5, 1996 Boulder, Colorado Measure 2D Repeal gay rights ordinance No 19,442 64% 10,979 36% Passed
November 5, 1996 St. Paul, Minnesota Measure 3 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 51,390 49% 52,880 51% Defeated
November 5, 1996 Minneapolis, Minnesota Measure 3 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 56,128 53% 49,650 47% Passed
November 5, 1996 Portland, Oregon Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 98,467 65% 52,473 35% Passed
November 5, 1996 Eugene, Oregon Measure 2 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 25,102 60% 16,496 40% Passed
November 5, 1996 Springfield, Oregon Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 12,898 56% 10,217 44% Passed
November 5, 1996 Corvallis, Oregon Measure 2 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 5,582 62% 3,397 38% Passed
November 5, 1996 Ashland, Oregon Measure 3 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 2,110 68% 981 32% Passed
November 5, 1996 Medford, Oregon Measure 2 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 15,907 60% 10,586 40% Passed
November 5, 1996 Albany, Oregon Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 1,654 58% 1,174 42% Passed
November 5, 1996 Dallas, Oregon Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 1,206 63% 696 37% Passed
November 5, 1996 Canby, Oregon Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 987 56% 779 44% Passed
November 5, 1996 Sweet Home, Oregon Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 1,069 58% 767 42% Passed
November 5, 1996 Lebanon, Oregon Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 750 63% 445 37% Passed
November 5, 1996 Grants Pass, Oregon Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 2,582 58% 1,882 42% Passed
November 5, 1996 Portland, Maine Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 18,789 45% 22,987 55% Defeated
November 5, 1996 Portsmouth, New Hampshire Measure 2 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 2,470 58% 1,785 42% Passed
November 5, 1996 Tampa, Florida Measure 2 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 22,983 60% 15,231 40% Passed
November 5, 1996 Cleveland, Ohio Measure 2 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 24,129 61% 15,368 39% Passed
February 10, 1998 Maine Question 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance Yes 145,452 51.29% 138,153 48.71% Passed
November 3, 1998 Colorado Springs, Colorado Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 35,972 55% 29,139 45% Passed
November 3, 1998 Denver, Colorado Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 115,832 58% 85,942 42% Passed
November 3, 1998 Fort Collins, Colorado Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 17,934 63% 10,435 37% Passed
November 3, 1998 Boulder, Colorado Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 22,813 68% 10,522 32% Passed
November 3, 1998 St. Paul, Minnesota Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 58,432 50% 58,229 50% Defeated
November 3, 1998 Minneapolis, Minnesota Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 62,308 55% 50,384 45% Passed
November 3, 1998 Portland, Oregon Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 104,872 67% 51,441 33% Passed
November 3, 1998 Eugene, Oregon Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 28,015 63% 16,614 37% Passed
November 3, 1998 Springfield, Oregon Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 14,688 58% 10,548 42% Passed
November 3, 1998 Corvallis, Oregon Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 6,912 66% 3,568 34% Passed
November 3, 1998 Ashland, Oregon Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 2,215 70% 952 30% Passed
November 3, 1998 Medford, Oregon Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 17,415 62% 10,451 38% Passed
November 3, 1998 Albany, Oregon Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 1,882 60% 1,273 40% Passed
November 3, 1998 Dallas, Oregon Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 1,420 65% 760 35% Passed
November 3, 1998 Canby, Oregon Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 1,119 58% 797 42% Passed
November 3, 1998 Sweet Home, Oregon Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 1,193 61% 757 39% Passed
November 3, 1998 Lebanon, Oregon Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 867 66% 447 34% Passed
November 3, 1998 Grants Pass, Oregon Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 2,905 59% 2,017 41% Passed
November 3, 1998 Portland, Maine Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 22,084 47% 25,052 53% Defeated
November 3, 1998 Portsmouth, New Hampshire Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 2,865 55% 2,352 45% Passed
November 3, 1998 Tampa, Florida Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 24,283 63% 14,367 37% Passed
November 7, 2000 Maine Question 6 Repeal statewide gay rights law Yes 314,012 49.62% 318,846 50.38% Passed
November 7, 2000 Portland, Oregon Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance No 109,538 68% 51,597 32% Passed
November 7, 2000 Eugene, Oregon Measure 2 Repeal gay rights ordinance Yes 28,948 64% 16,086 36% Passed
November 7, 2000 Portland, Maine Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance Yes 22,456 46% 26,167 54% Defeated
November 7, 2000 Ferndale, Michigan Measure 1 Repeal gay rights ordinance Yes 3,357 61% 2,138 39% Passed
November 6, 2001 Huntington Woods, Michigan Proposals or Ordinance Measures Repeal Ordinance No. 493 that prohibited discrimination based on sexual orientation in employment, housing and public accommodations No 1,437 47.5% 1,587 52.5% 40% Defeated
November 6, 2001 Kalamazoo, Michigan Proposal 1 Repeal Ordinance 474 that prohibited discrimination based on sexual orientation in employment, housing and public accommodations No 3,319 42% 4,541 58% 40.5% Defeated
September 10, 2002 Miami-Dade County, Florida Miami-Dade County Ordinance 02-89 Repeal Ordinance 02-89 that prohibited discrimination based on sexual orientation in employment, housing and public accommodations No 137,776 45% 169,941 55% 35% Defeated
November 5, 2002 Westbrook, Maine Westbrook Human Rights Ordinance Repeal Repeal Westbrook Human Rights Ordinance that prohibited discrimination based on sexual orientation in employment, housing and public accommodations No 3,050 49.63% 3,095 50.37% Defeated
November 5, 2002 Ypsilanti, Michigan Proposal B Repeal Ordinance 865 that prohibited discrimination based on sexual orientation in employment, housing and public accommodations No 3,045 37.57% 5,062 62.43% 30.79% Defeated
November 5, 2002 Tacoma, Washington Referendum 1 Repeal Ordinance No. 25966 that prohibited discrimination based on sexual orientation in credit, employment, housing and public accommodations No 19,463 42.64% 26,173 57.36% 46.93% Defeated
March 1, 2005 Topeka, Kansas Proposition 1 To bar Topeka from recognizing sexual orientation as a protected class for ten years No 12,795 48% 13,285 52% Defeated
November 8, 2005 Maine Question 1 Repeal Title 5, Part 12, Chapter 337, Subchapter 4, Section 4553(9-C), Section 4552, Section 4553, Section 4571-4572, Section 4581-4582, Section 4591-4592, Section 4601 and Section 4602 of the Maine Revised Statutes that prohibited discrimination based on sexual orientation in credit, education, employment, housing and public accommodations No 181,926 45% 223,274 55.1% 55% Defeated
March 24, 2009 Gainesville, Florida Charter Amendment 1 Repeal Ordinance 0-05-92 that prohibited discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity in employment, housing, and public accommodations Yes 11,717 42.8% 15,611 57.2% 21.2% Defeated
November 8, 2011 Traverse City, Michigan City Proposal Repeal Ordinance 660 that prohibited discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity in employment, housing, and public accommodations Yes 2,947 62.9% 1,734 37.1% 30.6% Defeated
November 6, 2012 Salina, Kansas Ordinance No. 12-10747 Repeal Ordinance No. 12-10614 that prohibited discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity in employment, housing, and public accommodations Yes 10,472 54.15% 8,867 45.85% 56.8% Passed
November 6, 2012 Hutchinson, Kansas Ordinance No. 2012-24 Repeal Ordinance No. 2012-24 that prohibited discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity in employment, housing, and public accommodations Yes 5,214 58% 3,786 42% 50.6% Passed
May 20, 2014 Pocatello, Idaho Proposition 1 Repeal Ordinance 2921 that prohibited discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity in employment, housing, and public accommodations Yes 4,863 50.41% 4,943 49.59% 27.4% Defeated
August 7, 2014 Chattanooga, Tennessee Referendum on Ordinance No. 12781 Uphold Ordinance No. 12781 that prohibited discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity in public employment and public accommodations Yes 8,184 37.42% 13,685 62.58% 17.7% Defeated
December 9, 2014 Fayetteville, Arkansas Repeal of Ordinance No. 5703 Repeal Ordinance 5703 that prohibited discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity in employment, housing, and public accommodations Yes 7,527 51.65% 7,047 48.35% 29.42% Passed[21]
April 7, 2015 Springfield, Missouri Question 1 Repeal ordinance that prohibited discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity in employment, housing, and public accommodations Yes 15,364 51.43% 14,510 48.57% 23.86% Passed[22]
September 8, 2015 Fayetteville, Arkansas Ordinance 5781 Special Election Uphold Ordinance 5781 that prohibited discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity in employment, housing, and public accommodations Yes 7,698 52.79% 6,884 47.21% 29.51% Passed[23]
November 3, 2015 Houston, Texas Proposition 1 Uphold Ordinance No. 2014-530 that prohibited discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity in employment, housing, and public accommodations Yes 157,110 39.03% 100,582 60.97% 27.45% Defeated[24]
June 28, 2016 Texarkana, Arkansas Ordinance No. M-130 Repeal Ordinance No. M-130 that prohibited discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity in employment, housing, and public accommodations Yes 2,465 79.9% 620 20.1% 11.1% Passed[25]
April 3, 2018 Anchorage, Alaska Proposition 1 Restrict access to public bathrooms and locker rooms based on an individual's sex assigned at birth Yes 36,993 47.36% 41,115 52.64% 35.06% Defeated[26]
November 6, 2018 Massachusetts Question 3 Uphold Chapter 272, Section 98, as amended by Chapter 134 of the Acts of 2016, that prohibited discrimination based on gender identity in public accommodations Yes 1,806,742 67.82% 857,401 32.18% 60.17% Passed[27][28]

[29]

  1. ^ "Code pénal – Article 521-1". Legifrance (in French). Retrieved 6 September 2024.
  2. ^ "Loi relative à la protection et au bien-être des animaux". ejustice.just.fgov.be (in French). May 11, 2007. Retrieved 6 September 2024.
  3. ^ "Norwegian Animal Welfare Act (2009)". Lovdata. Norwegian Government. Retrieved 9 September 2024. Violations of the Animal Welfare Act, including bestiality, can result in fines or imprisonment for up to 1 year, depending on the severity of the offense.
  4. ^ "Animal Welfare Law Bans Bestiality in the Netherlands". Officiële bekendmakingen (in Dutch). July 1, 2010. Retrieved 6 September 2024.
  5. ^ "Finland Criminalizes Bestiality Under Animal Welfare Act". Finlex. Retrieved 9 September 2024.
  6. ^ "Germany Bans Bestiality Under Animal Welfare Law". Deutsche Welle. 13 December 2012. Retrieved 9 September 2024. Germany's amendment to the animal welfare law bans bestiality and imposes fines of up to €25,000 for violations.
  7. ^ "Iceland Bans Bestiality with Animal Welfare Law Update". The Local. 19 December 2013. Retrieved 9 September 2024. Iceland introduced a ban on bestiality as part of its updated animal welfare laws, which took effect on January 1, 2014. Penalties for violations include fines or imprisonment of up to 2 years.
  8. ^ "Sweden Strengthens Animal Welfare Laws, Bans Bestiality". The Local. 4 October 2013. Retrieved 9 September 2024. The Swedish government passed legislation that bans bestiality, which took effect on April 1, 2014. Penalties include fines or imprisonment for up to 2 years.
  9. ^ "Ley Orgánica 10/1995, de 23 de noviembre, del Código Penal". BOE.es. Boletín Oficial del Estado. Retrieved August 4, 2024.
  10. ^ "Denmark Bans Bestiality, Introduces Fines as Penalty". The Local. 21 April 2015. Retrieved 9 September 2024. Denmark's ban on bestiality took effect on July 1, 2015, under animal welfare reforms. Penalties for violations include fines, with amounts determined based on the severity of the offense and the offender's financial situation.
  11. ^ [French Penal Code - Chapter one: Serious abuse or acts of cruelty animals. - Article 521-1]
  12. ^ La zoophilie interdite
  13. ^ Violent and extreme pornography Archived 2013-03-09 at the Wayback Machine
  14. ^ "Lois, Decrets, Ordonnances Et Reglements / Wetten, Decreten, Ordonnanties En Verordeningen". Moniteur Belge / Belgisch Staatsblad: 38259–38260. 13 July 2007. Archived from the original on 16 June 2018. Retrieved 13 July 2014. (in French and Dutch)
  15. ^ "wetten.nl - Wet- en regelgeving - Wetboek van Strafrecht - BWBR0001854" (in Dutch). Wetten.overheid.nl. 2012-12-24. Retrieved 2013-10-13.
  16. ^ "New Animal Welfare Act". regjeringen.no. 15 May 2009. Retrieved 13 July 2014.
  17. ^ "Crimes Legislation Amendment Bill 2010" (PDF). Australian Capital Territory Legislation Register. 2010. Retrieved July 13, 2014.
  18. ^ Cottrell, Chris (February 1, 2013). "German Legislators Vote to Outlaw Bestiality". The New York Times. New York. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 13, 2014.
  19. ^ Sweden set to ban bestiality in 2014
  20. ^ Cite error: The named reference bbcdenmark was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  21. ^ Washington County, Arkansas. (n.d.). *Election results: November 8, 2016*. Retrieved from https://www.washingtoncountyar.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/10659/636174853937700000
  22. ^ Greene County, Missouri. (2015). *April 7, 2015, election summary report*. Retrieved from [1](https://greenecountymo.gov/election/Apr_2015/summary.html) and [2](https://web.archive.org/web/20150504190023/https://greenecountymo.gov/election/Apr_2015/summary.html)
  23. ^ Washington County, Arkansas. (n.d.). *Election results: November 8, 2016*. Retrieved from https://www.washingtoncountyar.gov/Home/ShowDocument?id=8519
  24. ^ Harris County Clerk. (2015). *November 3, 2015, cumulative report*. Retrieved from [3](https://www.harrisvotes.com/HISTORY/20151103/cumulative/cumulative.pdf) and [4](https://web.archive.org/web/20151104013533/https://www.harrisvotes.com/HISTORY/20151103/cumulative/cumulative.pdf)
  25. ^ Arkansas Online. (2016, July 7). *Recount upholds Texarkana repeal*. Retrieved from https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2016/jul/07/recount-upholds-texarkana-repeal-201607/
  26. ^ Municipality of Anchorage. (2018). *April 3, 2018, election summary report: Official results*. Retrieved from https://www.muni.org/Departments/Assembly/Clerk/Elections/Election%20Results/04032018%20MOA_ElectionSummaryReport_OfficialResults_04172018.pdf
  27. ^ Massachusetts Elections Division. (n.d.). *Ballot questions search results (1972–2018)*. Retrieved from https://electionstats.state.ma.us/ballot_questions/search/year_from:1972/year_to:2018
  28. ^ Massachusetts Secretary of the Commonwealth. (n.d.). *Voter turnout statistics*. Retrieved from https://www.sec.state.ma.us/divisions/elections/research-and-statistics/voter-turnout-statistics.htm
  29. ^ City of Houston. (2001). *Election results for November 6, 2001*. Retrieved from https://www.houstontx.gov/citysec/elections/110601.pdf
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