The Republic of Finland(Suomen tasavalta / Republiken Finland) is a republic with a popularly elected president and a Parliament, which is elected by in free multi-party elections and government responsible to the parliament. Finland is member of the European Union. Finland has as territory governed according to an act and international treaties Åland.
1809: The Treaty of Fredrikshamn confirms the Russian victory in 1808 over Sweden. Sweden cedes Finland (including Åland) to Russia. Tsar Aleksandr I of Russia becomes grand prince of the Grand Principality of Finland. The estates assembly remains de jure intact with certain legislative powers, but until 1863 the assembly doesn’t convene.
1863: For the first time the Diet of Finland convenes. The Diet exists out of four estates, indirectly elected.
1906: Finland gets a Parliament (Eduskunta) elected in multi-party elections on a universal suffrage.
1917: After the revolutions commence in Russia, several entities are established on the territory of Russia. The Finnish parliament declares the independence from Russia.
1918: The same year the Kingdom of Finland is proclaimed, more or less a German puppet state. The Finnish Civil War starts between nationalist and socialist forces. Socialists establish as contra-government, the Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic. Finnish volunteers take part in conflicts until 1922 in territories inhabited by other Baltic Finnic peoples in Russia.
1919: After the civil war in which the FSWR is defeated, Finland becomes a republic. Finland gets a president elected by a popularly elected electoral college and a government responsible to the parliament, which is elected by in free multi-party elections on a universal suffrage. The citizens of Åland vote in a plebiscite for cession to Sweden.
1920: The Treaty of Tartu establishes the border between Russia and Finland, Russia finally recognizes the independence of Finland.
1922: After a decision of the League of Nations in 1921, Finland establishes the autonomous province of Åland under international treaty.
1940: Finland is defeated by the Soviet Union and cedes in the Moscow Peace Treaty some of its territory. The Finnish Democratic Republic is disbanded.
1944: The Finnish government start negotiations with the Soviet Union. With the Moscow Armistice Finland is forced to end the war and has to cede Petsamo to the Soviet Union.
1952: Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden establish the Nordic Council.
1955: Finland joins the United Nations, being an observer since 1952.
The Region of the Åland Islands(Landskapet Åland / Ahvenanmaan maakunta) are an autonomous region of Finland, with a parliament, the Law Assembly, elected in free multi-party elections, and a government responsible to the parliament led by the Lantråd.
1809: The Treaty of Fredrikshamn confirms the Russian victory in 1808 over Sweden. Sweden cedes Finland (including Åland) to Russia. Russia makes tsar Aleksandr I of Russia grand prince of the Grand Principality of Finland. The estates assembly remains de jure intact with certain legislative powers, but until 1863 the assembly doesn’t convene.
1917: A broad revolution commences. After parts of the army joins the revolution, tsar Nikolaj II abdicates in favor of a provisional government of liberals and socialists led by prince Georgij L'vov. The monarchy is abolished and Russia becomes a republic. Following the revolution in Russia, the Finnish parliaments declares the independence from Russia.
1922: After a decision of the League of Nations in 1921, Finland establishes the autonomous province of Åland under international treaty with its own government and parliament elected by universal suffrage.
