The Republic of Cyprus(Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία / Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti) is a republic with popularly elected excutive president and a parliament, the House of Representatives elected in free multi-party elections. The northern part of Cyprus seceded de facto from Cyprus as Northern Cyprus.
This timeline of Cyprus includes the timeline of the Republic of Cyprus after the secession of Northern Cyprus. The history of Northern Cyprus since 1571 can be found at Northern Cyprus, the history of Akrotiri and Dhekelia since 1870 can be found at Akrotiri and Dhekelia.
1400 BC: With the colonization of present-day Cyprus by the Mycenaeans, the Hellenization of the island starts.
ca 545 BC: The island is conquered by Persia. In the upcoming centuries various city-states exist in Cyprus, sometimes semi-independent and in open resistance to Persia.
499–493 BC: The Greek cities in Cyprus rise up against their Achaemenid (Persian) rulers, as do the Greek cities in [Asia Minor]].
27 BC: Gaius Octavianus becomes sole ruler of Rome and as Augustus the first emperor.
395: After the death of Theodosius I of the Theodosian dynasty, the Roman Empire is partitioned in the (Eastern) Roman Empire, also rendered as Byzantine Empire[1], a Greek dominated empire, and the (Western) Roman Empire. The region becomes part of the Eastern part of the Empire.
1192: Guy de Lusignan from the house House of Lusignan, who was king of Jerusalem from 1198 until 1192, buys after his disposal as king of Jerusalem Cyprus and becomes king of Cyprus.
1213-1221: Cyprus takes part in the Fifth Crusade that is defeated by the Arabs.
1271-1272: Cyprus takes part in the Ninth Crusade, defeated by the Arabs, that foreshadows the collapse of the remaining crusader strongholds.
1343-1351: Cyprus takes part in the Smyrniote crusades against Turkish pirates in the Aegean Sea.
1571: Cyprus is conquered by the Ottoman Empire and becomes the Eyalet of Cyprus. During the Ottoman period, Turks settle in Cyprus. The Ottomans changed the way they administered Cyprus multiple times.
1878: In the Cyprus Convention the Ottoman Empire cedes Cyprus to the United Kingdom in return for military support against Russia. The United Kingdom establishes a protectorate over Cyprus as a tribute of the Ottoman Empire. Cyprus is governed by British high commissioner.
1882: The constitution provides for a parliament, partially elected and partially appointed by the high commissioner.
1914: Cyprus is annexed and governed by a military occupation by the United Kingdom.
1931: After an attempted revolt, Cyprus is governed without democratic institutions.
1948: Cyprus gets an consultative assembly. The colonial authorities and the Greek-Cypriotic community cannot find an agreement on self-government, the latter favouring unification with Greece.
1950: In a unofficial referendum, the Greek community votes in favor of unification with Greece.
1955: The National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters (EOKA) is active as the armed liberation movement of the Greeks against the colonial authorities and later also the Turkish-Cypriotic community.
1960: Cyprus becomes an independent republic. At the independence of Cyprus Akrotiri and Dhekelia remain British. Cyprus gets a popularly elected president who is also head of government and a House of Representatives elected in free multi-party elections on a universal suffrage within the Greek and Turkish communities. Cyprus joins the United Nations. At the same time two communal chambers are elected.
1965: The House of Representatives abolishes the Greek communal chamber.
1967: After the coup d'état in Greece, intercommuncal violences decreases. The members of the Turkish chamber join with the former Turkish members of the House to establish a new Turkish Cypriot Legislative Assembly.
1571: Venetian Cyprus is conquered by the Ottoman Empire and becomes the Eyalet of Cyprus. During the Ottoman period, Turks settle in Cyprus. The Ottomans changed the way they administered Cyprus multiple times.
1955: The National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters (EOKA) is active as the armed liberation movement of the Greeks against the colonial authorities and later also the Turkish-Cypriotic community.
1974: In response to the coup, the Turkish army invades the island and conquers the north of Cyprus. Turkey secedes Northern Cyprus from Cyprus and establishes a federal state.
1975: In a referendum a constitution is approved that provides for a presidential republic with a unicameral parliament.
1983: Turkish Cyprus declares itself a independent republic, internationally not recognized and considered as part of Cyprus.
1985: The constitution, approved in a referendum, stipulates a Assembly of the Republic elected in free multi-party elections on a universal suffrage, and a popularly elected executive president who is also head of government. The government is responsible to the parliament.
2004: In a referendum, the Annan Plan is approved. It is rejected in the south.
^The name Byzantine Empire for the (Eastern) Roman Empire since 395 is used by historicans afterwards, but that was never a contemporary name.
^In 2009 with the Treaty of Lisbon, signed in 2007, the European Community is dissolved into the European Union, becoming an overall legal unit.
