User:Cereal hhc/Tianyi Ge
Add title:
Historical Background
1/Establishment and Growth of Tianyi Ge
2/Historical Challenges and Losses
3/Restoration and Cultural Heritage Protection
Original:Background
New:Technological and Cultural Contributions
Original:The walls were specially constructed to prevent fire.
Delete(because unclear)
Original:Introduction
[edit]Position and the spatial distribution
[edit]Tianyi Pavilion Historic District is located in the middle and western part of the historical street of Yuehu West Street in the old city of Ningbo. In the cultural undertakings of the feudal Chinese in the Ming dynasty, Wen Yuan's "Tiangong Parterre" has been incorporated into Tianyi Pavilion and transformed into "East Garden" as part of the garden. Tianyi Pavilion is part of the residential area of the Fan Family and the entire area of the traditional structure of the street and the alley has disappeared. It consists of three parts: West Park, South Park and East Park.
Since 1989, the ancestral halls along the roads such as Qinjiatang, Wen's family temple, Chen family museum, and some factory buildings have been incorporated into Tianyi Pavilion and have become a showcase of traditional culture. The area of Tianyi Pavilion has reached the peak including the main body of the museum (library), the garden and the traditional architecture.[1]
Fire prevention
[edit]Non-combustible materials were introduced into some key building components. For instance, using clay to wrap wood structures. Non-combustible masonry could be used to create partitions between two adjacent buildings and set fire doors in certain key locations. In addition, the pool in the library could serve as a fire tank for fire protection.[2]
Baoshulou is the Tianyi Pavilion library. It is a two-story building with double eaves and a gable roof, facing north and south.The design of the surroundings of the Baoshu Building reflects many details of fire prevention. The living area on the west side is separated from the library by a firewall, maintaining a certain position and staggering the doors of the two. There are a large number of emergency exits around the library. A pool was built in front of the library to store water in case of fire. According to legend, the water in this pool is connected to the Yue Lake, so the water is constantly flowing.[3]
Inheritance and development
[edit]
In 1676, Fan Qin's descendants passed out more than one hundred kinds of books to scholars for reading. He approved the famous scholar Huang Zongxi to go upstairs to read the Tianyige library books. Huang Zongxi became the first foreigner to enter Tianyi Pavilion. Huang Zongxi prepared a bibliography for Tianyi Pavilion and writes "Records of the collection in Tianyi Pavilion".[4]
Documented in the book of Huang Zongxi that: Fan Qin divided his family property into two parts prior, the collection of books and other family production. The eldest son volunteered to abandon the inheritance rights of other family property, and inherited more than 70,000 volumes of books collected by his father. While the Fan's descendants maintained and supplemented the Tianyige collection, they also established ethnic rules that maintain the Tianyige collection, which stipulates that the books are shared by children and grandchildren.[4]
Tianyi Pavilion thus increased its visibility among scholars. Since then, Tianyi Pavilion had gradually ended its external closure and is open to famous scholars, although there were not many scholars who had obtained this opportunity.
Update and preservation
[edit]1933–1934: Tianyi Pavilion was restored and refurbished, and the front and back yards of the library were added.
1982: Newly built a room for stacking cargo. Tianyi Pavilion experienced a new period of expansion. It is considered as a cultural heritage site that has been under national protection.[1]
New:
[edit]Preservation and Restoration
[edit]Fire prevention
[edit]Non-combustible materials were introduced into some key building components. For instance, using clay to wrap wood structures. Non-combustible masonry could be used to create partitions between two adjacent buildings and set fire doors in certain key locations. In addition, the pool in the library could serve as a fire tank for fire protection.[2]
Baoshulou is the Tianyi Pavilion library. It is a two-story building with double eaves and a gable roof, facing north and south.The design of the surroundings of the Baoshu Building reflects many details of fire prevention. The living area on the west side is separated from the library by a firewall, maintaining a certain position and staggering the doors of the two. There are a large number of emergency exits around the library. A pool was built in front of the library to store water in case of fire. According to legend, the water in this pool is connected to the Yue Lake, so the water is constantly flowing.[3]
Update and preservation
[edit]1933–1934: Tianyi Pavilion was restored and refurbished, and the front and back yards of the library were added.
1982: Newly built a room for stacking cargo. Tianyi Pavilion experienced a new period of expansion. It is considered as a cultural heritage site that has been under national protection.[1]
Position and the spatial distribution
[edit]Tianyi Pavilion Historic District is located in the middle and western part of the historical street of Yuehu West Street in the old city of Ningbo. In the cultural undertakings of the feudal Chinese in the Ming dynasty, Wen Yuan's "Tiangong Parterre" has been incorporated into Tianyi Pavilion and transformed into "East Garden" as part of the garden. Tianyi Pavilion is part of the residential area of the Fan Family and the entire area of the traditional structure of the street and the alley has disappeared. It consists of three parts: West Park, South Park and East Park.
Since 1989, the ancestral halls along the roads such as Qinjiatang, Wen's family temple, Chen family museum, and some factory buildings have been incorporated into Tianyi Pavilion and have become a showcase of traditional culture. The area of Tianyi Pavilion has reached the peak including the main body of the museum (library), the garden and the traditional architecture.[1]
Inheritance and development
[edit]In 1676, Fan Qin's descendants passed out more than one hundred kinds of books to scholars for reading. He approved the famous scholar Huang Zongxi to go upstairs to read the Tianyige library books. Huang Zongxi became the first foreigner to enter Tianyi Pavilion. Huang Zongxi prepared a bibliography for Tianyi Pavilion and writes "Records of the collection in Tianyi Pavilion".[4]
Documented in the book of Huang Zongxi that: Fan Qin divided his family property into two parts prior, the collection of books and other family production. The eldest son volunteered to abandon the inheritance rights of other family property, and inherited more than 70,000 volumes of books collected by his father. While the Fan's descendants maintained and supplemented the Tianyige collection, they also established ethnic rules that maintain the Tianyige collection, which stipulates that the books are shared by children and grandchildren.[4]
Tianyi Pavilion thus increased its visibility among scholars. Since then, Tianyi Pavilion had gradually ended its external closure and is open to famous scholars, although there were not many scholars who had obtained this opportunity.
Original:
After the People's Republic of China was established, the number of books increased to 300,000 thanks to inspections and donations.
New:
After the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the number of books increased to 300,000, thanks to inspections and donations.
Original:
After the Second Opium War, the British took many books from the libraries collection of geography and history texts[citation needed].
New:
After the Second Opium War (1856–1860), the British took many books from the library's collection of geography and history texts[citation needed]
https://en.antaranews.com/news/137211/taking-a-closer-look-at-chinese-oldest-library-tianyi-ge
Original:
Founded in 1561 by Fan Qin during the Ming dynasty, it is the oldest existing private library in China. At its peak, it boasted a collection of 70,000 volume of antique books.
New:
"Tianyi Ge was built in the 40th year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1561) by Fan Qin, the right servant of the military Ministry at that time. It not only collected a large number of precious books and classics but also had a significant impact on the construction of other library collections in later generations. Tianyi Pavilion once had a collection of more than 70,000 volumes, but in modern times, due to official corruption, theft and natural damage, only 13,000 volumes of books remained. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the number of books reached 300,000 through inspections and donations." [1]
Sentence from the article: The Tianyi Ge (Chinese: 天一閣; pinyin: Tiān Yī Gé; lit. 'One Sky Pavilion'), translated as Tianyi Pavilion or Tianyi Chamber, is a library and garden located in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China.
Link to the source: John Makeham (2008). China: The World's Oldest Living Civilization Revealed. Thames & Hudson. p. 299. ISBN 978-0-500-25142-3.
Source evaluation:
Does the source support the claim? Yes, the source is a book about Chinese history and culture, and the author, John Makeham, is Emeritus Professor of Chinese Studies in the School of Culture, History and Language, College of Asia and the Pacific. The mention of Tianyi Ge as a library and garden in the book aligns with the description in Wikipedia. Therefore, this source supports the description of Tianyi Ge in Wikipedia.
Is the source credible? Yes, the publisher Thames & Hudson is known for publishing books on art and culture, and the author John Makeham has a strong academic reputation in the field of Chinese culture. Additionally, the publication year of the book (2008) indicates that it is a relatively recent reference.
Assessment: The source is credible and supports the claims made in the article; no better source is needed.
Sentence from the article: This technology had further improved in the Ming dynasty. Song Yingxing (1587–1666 AD) documented the work rolled up by the gradual process of this manufacture in his book Tian Gung Kai Wu (The Exploitation of the Works of Nature).[2]
Link to the source: Tang, & Smith. (2014). A note on Chinese Bamboo paper: The impact of modern manufacturing processes on its photostability. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 15(3), 331–335.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1296207413001520
source evaluation:
Does the source support the claim? The article mainly talks about how modern manufacturing affects the light stability of bamboo paper and does not mention Song Yingxing or his book Tian Gung Kai Wu. Therefore, this source does not directly support the claim about Song Yingxing and his work.
Is the source credible? This article is published in the Journal of Cultural Heritage, which is a peer-reviewed academic journal. The authors Tang and Smith have some expertise in this area, which adds to the source's credibility.
Assessment: This source does not directly support the statement about Song Yingxing and his book. It would be better to find a source that specifically discusses Song Yingxing and the bamboo paper manufacturing process to verify this historical information.
Sentence from the article:
In the late Yuan dynasty, Wang Zhen invented wooden printing. Compared with muddy characters, the resistance of wood type to external forces was better.[3]
Link to the source:
Needham, Joseph. The Shorter Science and Civilisation in China 4. Cambridge University Press. 1994: 14. ISBN 978-0-521-32995-8. Bi Sheng... who first devised, about 1045, the art of printing with movable type
https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0007087400016745
Is the source credible? Yes, the source is a well-known academic work published by Cambridge University Press, which is recognized for its scholarly publications. Joseph Needham is a respected historian in the field of Chinese science and technology, adding to the credibility of the source.
Assessment: The source does not directly support the claim about Wang Zhen and his invention of wooden printing. It would be beneficial to find a source that specifically discusses Wang Zhen's contributions to printing technology to verify this historical information.
Sentence from the article:
Chinese printers were able to produce illustrations of various colors, displaying various shades of colors and contrasting colors, imitating the hands of Chinese masters of calligraphy and painting. At the time, the artists' printers discovered and developed this technology, adding a strong color to their books[4]
Link to the source:
Lin, H. (2015). Coloring the Book in Ming-Qing China: Polychrome Woodblock Printing, ca. 1600–1900 1. Quarterly Journal of Chinese Studies, 3(3), 33–49.
Source evaluation:
Does the source support the claim? Yes, the source by Lin discusses polychrome woodblock printing in Ming-Qing China and the techniques used by printers to produce colorful illustrations. It mentions how this technology allowed for the imitation of the styles of calligraphy and painting by Chinese masters, which directly supports the claim about the capabilities of Chinese printers during that time.
Is the source credible? Yes, the article is published in the Quarterly Journal of Chinese Studies, which is an academic journal that typically undergoes a peer-review process. The author, Lin H., appears to be knowledgeable in the field of Chinese studies, enhancing the credibility of the source.
Assessment: The source supports the claim made in the article about the colorful printing techniques used by Chinese printers. It is a credible source, making it suitable for verifying the information presented.
The name Tian Yi refers to the concept of cosmic unity first described in a Han dynasty commentary to the Book of Changes. In Chinese alchemy Tianyi is linked to the element of water, thus it was believed by providing a watery name would protect the library against fire damage.
Luo, Zhaoping. “天一阁藏书文化的历史轨迹和发展前景” Archive.org, 2022, web.archive.org/web/20101231170408/www.tianyige.com.cn/about_detail.asp?ID=1096. Accessed 7 Nov. 2024.
Founded in 1561 by Fan Qin during the Ming dynasty, it is the oldest existing private library in China. At its peak, it boasted a collection of 70,000 volume of antique books.
“百科参考资料.” Baidu.com, 2024, baike.baidu.com/reference/329603/533aYdO6cr3_z3kATPGMyvXxYCjDPouluLfQW7dzzqIP0XOpX5nyFJw74dkm9_BiWgjEvdZhbpkGg_q8XwJatq5TNbJ3C6ohmHb8UmKUnO3n-9k2yIQRo9gXUaUTh_GksRL40iSJ2w. Accessed 7 Nov. 2024. 5.Sentence from the article：The development of urbanization that began gradually in the Song dynasty has begun to take shape in the Ming dynasty, and commercialization and the sprouting of capitalism also appeared in the Ming dynasty. Provide Source Information：Van Zanden, Jan Luiten. (2015). Urbanization in China, ca. 1100–1900. 0063.
https://pure.knaw.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/8633887/Urbanization_in_China_ca._1100_C1900.pdf
Evaluation of the source: Does the source support the claim？The sentence "The development of urbanization that began gradually in the Song dynasty took shape in the Ming dynasty, and commercialization and the sprouting of capitalism also appeared in the Ming dynasty" does not exactly match the content in the document. Assessment:different
6.Sentence from the article:At the same time, the literacy rate and educational development have also been further improved during the Ming dynasty. The increasing availability and low cost of books had promoted the popularity of literacy. The examination exam had been canceled since the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368 AD) and had ushered in a new climax in the Ming dynasty. The examination scale was increasing. https://www.proquest.com/docview/305319734/abstract/F05232015EEB453DPQ/1?accountid=12768&sourcetype=Dissertations%20&%20Theses Evaluation of the source: Does the source support the claim？Yes.The literature mentions the popularity of books, the increase in printing, and the prosperity of publications for the imperial examinations, which directly corresponds to the description of the increasing demand for books among the literati and the general public during the Ming Dynasty.
Is the source reliable? This document is a strong academic material, which comes from professional historical research. It has an in-depth discussion on the popularization of literature and social culture in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, so it is reliable. Evaluation conclusion: The source supports the argument reliably and effectively without excessive and cumbersome explanations.
7.Sentence from the article:Publishers responded to the growing number of examination candidates to print brochures. Successful model exams were popular and widely available. A wide variety of books, ranging from cheap versions of popular novels to expensive reprints of classics have a wealth of content. The novels of the Ming and Qing dynasties represented the pinnacle of Chinese classical novels. Three of the four famous novels in China were completed and widely circulated in the Ming dynasty. From another perspective, it also illustrated the importance and prosperity of culture and books received in the Ming dynasty.https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=mTgmEQAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA27&dq=Andrew+H.+Plaks,+Four+Masterworks+of+the+Ming+Novel+(Princeton,+New+Jersey:+Princeton+University+Press,+1987),+esp.+pp.+497–98.&ots=NXOqd-Z5B9&sig=B_NepI1cdu3y8fMxkt4dq5Pc_Jk#v=onepage&q&f=false Evaluation of the source: Does the source support the claim？There is still room for improvement in the diversity of book categories.
Is the source reliable?This source has a high degree of academic authority.
Evaluation conclusion: It's basically done, but some parts are not as detailed as in the book.
8.The possession of books increasingly tended to define social status. Collection books had also gained a powerful boost from publishing. As the books became cheaper, the number and scale of private libraries grew during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. A collection of several thousand juan (bound chapters or volumes) were considered worthy of respect, and 10,000 juan (equivalent to one thousand titles) were significant. Libraries with about 30,000 juan were not uncommon. On Fan Qin's death (1585 AD), Tianyi Pavilion contained over 70 thousand juan, with several thousand titles.
https://www.google.com/books/edition/Imperial_China_1350_1900/RzwmjgEACAAJ?hl=en
Evaluation of the source: Does the source support the claim？It reflects the social significance of book collections in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, the growth of private book collections, and the development trend of the publishing industry. Details such as the connection between book collections and social status, the standard of a collection of thousands to tens of thousands of volumes, and the scale of Fan Qin's collection in Tianyi Pavilion are basically consistent with the description in historical documents, but there may be some minor differences in individual numbers and expressions that should be corrected.
Is the source reliable?Yes. It is based on historical records and academic research to support the discourse on the collection habits, social status and publishing industry of the Ming and Qing dynasties. Some details about the size of private libraries and specific examples (such as Fan Chin's Tianyi Pavilion) suggest that the content has been thoroughly researched and is therefore accurate.
Evaluation conclusion：In general, there seems to be no problem, and the data is accurate and well-founded. The only problem is that some details are missing.
1933–1934: Tianyi Pavilion was restored and refurbished, and the front and back yards of the library were added.
http://www.tianyige.com.cn/
At its peak, it boasted a collection of 70,000 volume of antique books. Add：Tianyi Ge once had more than 70,000 volumes of books, but in modern times, due to official corruption, theft of books and natural damage, only more than 13,000 volumes of books were left. After the founding of New China, after some searches and donations, the number of books was 300,000. In 1982, Tianyi Pavilion was listed as one of the second batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council. Now, the Ningbo Tianyi Pavilion Museum has been established in the place where Tianyi Pavilion was. Due to its history and fame, Tianyi Pavilion has also become a symbol of Ningbo's city image.
Tianyi Pavilion is part of the residential area of the Fan Family and the entire area of the traditional structure of the street and the alley has disappeared. It consists of three parts: West Park, South Park and East Park.Add：Baoshulou is the Tianyi Pavilion Library. The building is a two-story building with double eaves and a hard roof, facing north and south. Fan Qin took the meaning of "Heaven gives birth to water... Earth bears it" from Zheng Xuan's "Commentary on the Book of Changes" and built the library into two floors. The upper floor is a single room, and the lower floor consists of a standard five-bay room and a staircase, forming a "Heaven One Earth Six" pattern.
The surrounding design of Baoshulou reflects many fire prevention details. The living area on the west side is separated from the library by a firewall, maintaining a certain distance, and staggering the doors of the two. There are a large number of safe exits around the library. A pool was built in front of the library to store water for fire. According to legend, the water in this pool is connected to Yuehu Lake, so the water is endless.
- ^ a b c d Yan, Wei; Dong, Wei (2015) Context"Thinking of Contemporary Urban History Space under the Basis of Enlightenment of Chinese Traditional Cultural Philology: Taking West Expansion Plan of Tianyi Pavilion as An Example». International Journal of Social, Behavioral, Educational, Economic, Business and Industrial Engineering, 9(3): 925–931
- ^ a b Grace Cheng, W.Y., Lo, S.M., Fang, Z. & Cheng, C.X. (2004) A view on the means of fire prevention of ancient Chinese buildings – from religious belief to practice. Structural Survey, Vol. 22 Issue: 4, pp.201–209
- ^ a b "Cangshulou". web.archive.org. 2010-12-30. Retrieved 2024-11-07.
- ^ a b c d "Records of the collection in Tianyi Pavilion".