User:Ashleigh813/sandbox

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Biak (wós Vyak or "Biak language"; wós kovedi or "our language"; Indonesian: bahasa Biak), also known as Biak-Numfor, Noefoor, Mafoor, Mefoor, Nufoor, Mafoorsch, Myfoorsch and Noefoorsch, is an Austronesian language of the South Halmahera-West New Guinea subgroup of the Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages.

Hän
Häł gołan
Native to	Canada, United States
Region	Yukon, Alaska
Ethnicity	Hän people
Native speakers	(20 cited 1997–2007)
Language family	Dené–Yeniseian? Na-Dené Athabaskan Northern Athabaskan Hän
Writing system	Latin (Dené alphabet)
Official status
Official language in	Alaska
Language codes
ISO 639-3	haa
Glottolog	hann1241

Hän (Dawson, Han-Kutchin, Moosehide) is an Athabaskan language spoken primarily in Eagle, Alaska (United States) and Dawson City, Yukon (Canada), though there are also speakers in Fairbanks, Alaska. There are only a few fluent speakers remaining (perhaps about 10), all elderly.

Hän is a member of the Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit language family and is most closely related to Gwich'in and Upper Tanana. The name of the language is derived from the name of the people, "Hän Hwëch'in", which in the language means "people who live along the river", the river being the Yukon.

Classification

Iʻm going to add information here.

Notable Linguists

Edward Roberts

Storybooks, Language listening exercises (TH)

Isaac Juneby

Language listening exercises, language learning book (Eagle)

Percy Henry

Language listening exercises

Phonology

Consonants

The consonants of Hän in the standard orthography are listed below (with IPA notation in brackets):

	Labial		Inter- dental		Alveolar				Post- alveolar		Retroflex		Velar		Glottal
					central		lateral
Nasal					[n̥]	nh
	[m]	m			[n]	n
Stop	[pʰ]	(p)			[tʰ]	t							[kʰ]	k
	[p]	b			[t]	d							[k]	g	[ʔ]	ʼ
					[tʼ]	t’							[kʼ]	k’
	[ᵐb]	mb			[ⁿd]	nd
Affricate			[tθʰ]	tth	[tsʰ]	ts	[tɬʰ]	tl	[tʃʰ]	ch	[ʈʂʰ]	tr
			[tθ]	ddh	[ts]	dz	[tɬ]	dl	[tʃ]	j	[ʈʂ]	dr
			[tθʼ]	tth’	[tsʼ]	ts’	[tɬʼ]	tl’	[tʃʼ]	ch’	[ʈʂʼ]	tr’
									[ⁿdʒ]	nj
Fricative			[θ]	th	[s]	s	[ɬ]	ł	[ʃ]	sh	[ʂ]	sr	[x]	kh	[h]	h
			[ð]	dh	[z]	z	[ɮ]	l	[ʒ]	zh	[ʐ]	zr	[ɣ]	gh
Approximant									[j̊]	yh	[ɻ̥]	rh	[w̥]	wh
							[l]	l	[j]	y	[ɻ]	r	[w]	w

Vowels

• short
  • a [a]
  • ä [ɑ] chäghänn 'old woman' (Ridley 1979)
  • e [e]
  • ë [ə] jëjuu 'moose' (Ridley 1979)
  • i [i] tr'inkee 'child' (Ridley 1979)
  • ö [?] tthök 'caribou fence' (Ritter 1977)
  • o [o]
  • u [u] chugaa 'bird' (Ridley 1979)
• long
  • aa [aː] sraa 'sun' (Ritter 1977)
  • ää [ɑː]
  • ee [eː] tthee 'stone' (Ritter 1977)
  • ëë [əː]
  • ii [iː]
  • oo [oː] srèjoo 'grayling' (Ridley 1979)
  • uu [uː] łuu 'fish' (Ridley 1979)
• diphthongs
  • aw [au]
  • ay [ai]
  • äw [ɑu]
  • ew [eu]
  • ey [ei] ts'eyy 'porcupine' (Ridley 1979)
  • iw [iu]
  • oy [oi]
• nasal vowels are marked by an ogonek accent, e.g., [ą]
• low tone is marked with a grave accent, e.g., [è] lèzraa 'money' (Ritter 1977)
• rising tone is marked with a circumflex accent, e.g., [â]
• falling tone is marked with a caron (or háček), e.g., [ǎ]
• high tone is never marked, e.g., [a]
• [ą̀] tätrą̀' 'raven' (Ridley 1979)

Grammar

Morphology

template structure, agreement, nominal vs verbal morphology

Syntax

Word order, holophrasis

Education

YNLC Literacy Sessions

Children's books in Hän (w/links)

Revitalization

Tr'ondëk Hwëch'in First Nation

The Tr'ondëk Hwëch'in (formerly known as the Dawson First Nation) in Yukon support the revitalization of Hän, and there are current efforts to revive the language locally. Since 1991, the Robert Service School in Dawson City has hosted the Hän Language program, and the Tr'ondëk Hwëch'in supports adult language classes and bi-annual cultural gatherings.

Legislation regarding language use?

Danoja Zho Cultural Center

General Language Documentation

Linguists known for their work on Hän -- John T. Ritter, Willem deReuse

Hän at CoLang

Yukon Native Language Centre

Language learning links and resources

Further reading

• Manker, Jonathan, and Tsuu T’ina Nation (2013). The Syntax of Sluicing in Hän. Dene Languages Conference, Calgary Alberta.
• Manker, Jonathan (2014). Tone Specification and the Tone-Bearing Unit (TBU) in Hän Athabascan. WSLCA 19 St. John's, Newfoundland.

External links

• Hän alphabet
• Alaska Native Language Center: Han
• Yukon Native Language Centre: Hän
• The Endangered Languages Project: Han

References

• Alaska Native Language Center. Alaska Native Language Center (accessed July 24, 2005).
• Mithun, Marianne. (1999). The Languages of Native North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23228-7 (hbk); ISBN 0-521-29875-X.
• Ridley, Ruth. (1979). Eagle Han Gwich’in Hòdök – Stories in Eagle Han Gwich’in. Fairbanks: Alaska Native Language Center.
• Ritter, John T. (1977). Han Gwitchin Language (Eagle Dialect). Preliminary Noun Dictionary. Alaska Native Language Archive. https://uafanlc.alaska.edu/Online/HN976R1977b/HN976R1977b-Han_dictionary.pdf.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Han Language}} [[Category:Northern Athabaskan languages]] [[Category:Indigenous languages of the North American Subarctic]] [[Category:Indigenous languages of Alaska]] [[Category:First Nations languages in Canada]] [[Category:Languages of the United States]] [[Category:Endangered Dené–Yeniseian languages]]