User:Amir Ghandi/Fath-Ali Shah Qajar
| Fath-Ali Shah Qajar | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| King of Kings[1] Khan of Khans[1] | |||||
 Portrait by Mihr 'Ali, between 1809 and 1810 (Hermitage Museum) | |||||
| Shah of Iran | |||||
| Reign | 17 June 1797 – 23 October 1834 | ||||
| Predecessor | Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar | ||||
| Successor | Mohammad Shah Qajar | ||||
| Grand viziers | |||||
| Born | May 1769 Damghan, Zand Iran | ||||
| Died | 24 October 1834 (aged 65) Isfahan, Qajar Iran | ||||
| Burial | |||||
| Spouse | Numerous wives, including Taj ol-Dowleh, Kheyr-ol-Nessa Khanom, Sanbal Baji, Badralensa Khanum and Maryam Khanom | ||||
| Issue Detail | Mohammad Ali Mirza Abbas Mirza Ziaʾ al-Saltaneh Hossein Ali Mirza | ||||
| |||||
| Dynasty | Qajar | ||||
| Father | Hossein Qoli Khan | ||||
| Mother | Agha Baji | ||||
| Religion | Shia Islam | ||||
| Tughra |  | ||||
Fath-Ali Shah Qajar (Persian: فتحعلىشاه قاجار, romanized: Fatḥ-ʻAli Šâh Qâjâr; May 1769 – 24 October 1834) was the second Shah (king) of Qajar Iran. He reigned from 17 June 1797 until his death on 24 October 1834. His reign saw the irrevocable ceding of Iran's northern territories in the Caucasus, comprising what is nowadays Georgia, Dagestan, Azerbaijan, and Armenia, to the Russian Empire following the Russo-Persian Wars of 1804–1813 and 1826–1828 and the resulting treaties of Gulistan and Turkmenchay.[2] These two treaties are closely tied to Fath-Ali Shah's legacy amongst Iranians, who often view him as a weak ruler.[3]
At the end of his reign, his difficult economic problems and military and technological liabilities took Iran to the verge of governmental disintegration, which was quickened by a consequent struggle for the throne after his death.[4]
Under Fath-Ali Shah, many visual portrayals of himself and his court were created in an effort to commend the crown. The notable ones include rock reliefs next to the ones erected under the pre-Islamic Sasanian Empire (224–651) in Ray, Fars and Kermanshah. This was done so that he could represent himself as heir to the ancient Persian empire to his countryfolk and the generations that followed.[4]
References
[edit]- ^ a b Amanat 1997, p. 10.
- ^ Dowling, Timothy C. (2014). Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond [2 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-59884-948-6., page 728
- ^ Mousavi 2018.
- ^ a b Amanat 1999, pp. 407–421.
Sources
[edit]- Amanat, Abbas (1997). Pivot of the Universe: Nasir Al-Din Shah Qajar and the Iranian Monarchy, 1831–1896. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-1845118280.
- Amanat, Abbas (1999). "Fatḥ-ʿAlī Shah Qājār". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume IX/4: Fārs II–Fauna III. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 407–421. ISBN 978-0-933273-32-0.
- Amanat, Abbas; Vejdani, Farzin (2008). "Jalāl-al-Din Mirzā". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. XIV, Fasc. 4. pp. 405–410.
- Bournoutian, George (2020). From the Kur to the Aras: A Military History of Russia's Move into the South Caucasus and the First Russo-Iranian War, 1801–1813. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-44515-4.
- Mousavi, M. (2018). "Fatḥ-ʿAlī Shah". Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History. Volume 12 Asia, Africa and the Americas (1700-1800). Brill.
- Tapper, Richard (1997). Frontier Nomads of Iran: A Political and Social History of the Shahsevan. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-52158-336-7.