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List of Taoisigh

Air Force Ranks

Rank group	General / flag officers										Senior officers						Junior officers
Irish Air Corps^[1] v t e
Irish Air Corps^[1] v t e	Lieutenant-General Lefteanant-Ghinearál				Major-General Maor-Ghinearál			Brigadier-General Briogáidire-Ghinearál			Colonel Cornal		Lieutenant-Colonel Lefteanant-Chornal		Commandant Ceannfort		Captain Captaen		Lieutenant Lefteanant			Second-Lieutenant Dara-Lefteanant			Officer Cadet Dalta Oifigeach

Other


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abc	def	ghi	jkl

Changes since election
Departed member	Group	State	Date	Reason	Replacement	Elected	Group	State
Ildikó Pelczné Gáll	EPP	Hungary	1 September 2017	Resigned due to joining the European Court of Auditors	Lívia Járóka	15 November 2017^[2]	EPP	Hungary
Ulrike Lunacek	Greens/EFA	Austria	23 October 2017	Resigned from politics after a defeat in national elections	Heidi Hautala	26 October 2017^[3]	Greens/EFA	Finland
Alexander Graf Lambsdorff	ALDE	Germany	23 October 2017	Resigned due to becoming member of the Bundestag	Fabio Massimo Castaldo	15 November 2017^[2]	EFDD	Italy
Ryszard Czarnecki	ECR	Poland	7 February 2018	Removed from office due to serious misconduct^[4]	Zdzisław Krasnodębski	1 March 2018^[5]	ECR	Poland

Taoisigh

Fianna Fáil (17) Fine Gael (11) Cumann na nGaedheal (17)
Portrait	Name^[a] (Birth–Death)	Term of office & Mandate Duration of premiership			Ministerial portfolios held as Prime Minister	Party^[b]	Ministry	Head of State (Reign)	^Ref.
	President of the Executive Council W.T. Cosgrave TD for Carlow-Kilkenny (1921-1928), Cork Borough (1927-1944) (1880–1965)	6 December 1922	9 March 1932	1722	First Lord of the Treasury Chancellor of the Exchequer Leader of the House of Commons^[c]	Whig	Walpole–Townshend	George I (1714–1727)	^[6]
				1727			Walpole–Townshend	George II (1727–1760)
				1734			Walpole
				1741
		20 years and 314 days
	The Right Honourable Spencer Compton 1st Earl of Wilmington KGKBPC (1673–1743)	16 February 1742	2 July 1743	—	First Lord of the Treasury	Whig	Carteret		^[7]
		1 year and 137 days^[†]			First Lord of the Treasury	Whig			^[7]
	The Right Honourable Henry Pelham FRS MP for Sussex (1694–1754)	27 August 1743	6 March 1754	1747	First Lord of the Treasury Chancellor of the Exchequer Leader of the House of Commons	Whig			^[8]
							Broad Bottom I
							Broad Bottom II
		10 years and 192 days^[†]					Broad Bottom II
	The Right Honourable Theresa May MP for Maidenhead (born 1956)	See also § Premierships:7			First Lord of the Treasury Minister for the Civil Service	Conservative	May I		^[9]
		13 July 2016	Incumbent	^{[ad. 7]}			May I
		13 July 2016	Incumbent	2017			May II
		8 years and 157 days					May II

Anglo Irish Relations

Leaders of the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation since 1991.

Academic Grading

Academic grading in Ireland varies with the level of education. There are different scales employed both within second level education and between second level and third level.

Second Level

Second level (or post-primary) education in Ireland is divided into Junior Cycle and Senior Cycle. Junior Cycle consists of the first three years at secondary school with students sitting the Junior Certificate at the end of third year. After third year, schools may offer an additional year known as Transition Year, which is outside of the state examinations framework. The final two years of second level make up the Senior Cycle with students sitting the Leaving Certificate at the end of their final year. The results of the Leaving Certificate determine, for the most part, entrance to third level education.^[10]

The State Examinations Commission (SEC) is responsible for both the Junior Certificate and Leaving Certificate examinations. This includes the setting of exam papers, setting grading systems and guidelines, overseeing the correction of the exams and the publishing of results.^[11]

Junior Cycle

The table below shows the current grading system used for the Junior Certificate examinations as set by the SEC:

Junior Certificate ^[12]
Percentage	Grade Descriptor
85 - 100	A
70 - 84	B
55 - 69	C
40 - 54	D
25 - 39	E
10 - 24	F
0 - 9	NG (Not Graded)

From 2017, a new Junior Cycle framework is being phased in with full implementation due by 2021. This includes a new system of grading as shown below:

Junior Cycle^[12]
Percentage	Grade Descriptor
90 - 100	Distinction
75 - 89	Higher Merit
55 - 74	Merit
40 - 54	Achieved
20 - 39	Partially Achieved
0 - 20	Not Graded

Senior Cycle

^ Including the Dáil Éireann constituencies of the Taoisigh.
^ Including political factions and electoral alliances where applicable.
^ Served as Commons Leader until 6 February 1742.

References

^ "Air Corps Rank Markings". military.ie. Defence Forces (Ireland). Archived from the original on 25 April 2016. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
^ ^a ^b "Livia Járóka and Fabio Massimo Castaldo elected Vice-Presidents of the EP – News – European Parliament". europa.eu. 15 November 2017.
^ "Heidi Hautala elected Vice-President of the European Parliament – News – European Parliament". europa.eu. 26 October 2017.
^ "Ryszard Czarnecki no longer Vice-President of Parliament – News – European Parliament". europa.eu. 2 July 2018.
^ "Zdzisław Krasnodębski elected Vice-President of the European Parliament – News – European Parliament". europa.eu. 3 January 2018.
^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 1; Parker 2013, p. 13.
^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 14; Parker 2013, p. 15.
^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 17; Parker 2013, p. 17.
^ BBC News 2016.
^ "Post Primary Education". Department of Education and Skills. Retrieved 2018-02-05.
^ "State Examination Commission - About Us". www.examinations.ie. Retrieved 2018-02-05.
^ ^a ^b "State Examination Commission - Candidates". www.examinations.ie. Retrieved 2018-02-05.

[6] Including the Dáil Éireann constituencies of the Taoisigh.

[7] Including political factions and electoral alliances where applicable.

[8] Served as Commons Leader until 6 February 1742.

[Ireland_AirForce-1] "Air Corps Rank Markings". military.ie. Defence Forces (Ireland). Archived from the original on 25 April 2016. Retrieved 26 May 2021.

[JarokaCastaldo-2] "Livia Járóka and Fabio Massimo Castaldo elected Vice-Presidents of the EP – News – European Parliament". europa.eu. 15 November 2017.

[3] "Heidi Hautala elected Vice-President of the European Parliament – News – European Parliament". europa.eu. 26 October 2017.

[4] "Ryszard Czarnecki no longer Vice-President of Parliament – News – European Parliament". europa.eu. 2 July 2018.

[Zdzisław_Krasnodębski-5] "Zdzisław Krasnodębski elected Vice-President of the European Parliament – News – European Parliament". europa.eu. 3 January 2018.

[FOOTNOTEEccleshallWalker20021Parker201313-9] Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 1; Parker 2013, p. 13.

[FOOTNOTEEccleshallWalker200214Parker201315-10] Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 14; Parker 2013, p. 15.

[FOOTNOTEEccleshallWalker200217Parker201317-11] Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 17; Parker 2013, p. 17.

[FOOTNOTEBBC_News2016-12] BBC News 2016.

[13] "Post Primary Education". Department of Education and Skills. Retrieved 2018-02-05.

[14] "State Examination Commission - About Us". www.examinations.ie. Retrieved 2018-02-05.

[:0-15] "State Examination Commission - Candidates". www.examinations.ie. Retrieved 2018-02-05.

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