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Tanauan, Batangas

Coordinates: 14°05′N 121°09′E / 14.08°N 121.15°E / 14.08; 121.15
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Tanauan
Tanawan
Component city
City of Tanauan
Flag of Tanauan
Flag
Official seal of Tanauan
Seal
Nickname(s): 
Cradle of Noble Heroes
The City of Colors
Premiere City of CALABARZON
Anthem: Himno ng Tanauan, Tanauan Bayan Ko
[1][2]
English: Tanauan Hymn, Tanauan My Town
Map of Batangas with Tanauan highlighted
Map of Batangas with Tanauan highlighted
OpenStreetMap
Map
Coordinates: 14°05′N 121°09′E / 14.08°N 121.15°E / 14.08; 121.15
CountryPhilippines
RegionCalabarzon
ProvinceBatangas
District 3rd district
Founded1584; 440 years ago (1584)
CityhoodMarch 10, 2001
Founded byAugustinians
Barangays48 (see Barangays)
Government
 [3]
 • TypeSangguniang Panlungsod
 • MayorNelson P. Collantes
 • Vice MayorHerminigildo G. Trinidad, Jr.
 • RepresentativeMa. Theresa V. Collantes
 • City Council
Members
 • Electorate134,905 voters (2022)
Area
[4]
 • Total
107.16 km2 (41.37 sq mi)
Elevation
168 m (551 ft)
Highest elevation
1,094 m (3,589 ft)
Lowest elevation
5 m (16 ft)
Population
 (2020 census)[5]
 • Total
193,936
 • Density1,800/km2 (4,700/sq mi)
 • Households
46,680
Demonym(s)Tanaueño (masculine)
Tanaueña (feminine)
Economy
 • Income class1st city income class
 • Poverty incidence
8.19
% (2021)[6]
 • Revenue₱ 2,648 million (2022)
 • Assets₱ 7,275 million (2022)
 • Expenditure₱ 1,468 million (2022)
 • Liabilities₱ 903.5 million (2022)
Service provider
 • ElectricityBatangas 2 Electric Cooperative (BATELEC 2)
 • WaterMWPV South Luzon Water Corporation[7]
Time zoneUTC+8 (PST)
ZIP code
4232
PSGC
041031000
IDD : area code +63 (0)43
Native languagesTagalog
Numbered highways
Websitewww.tanauancity.gov.ph

Tanauan, officially the City of Tanauan (Filipino: Lungsod ng Tanauan), is a component city in the province of Batangas, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 193,936 people.[5]

It is incorporated as a city under Republic Act No. 9005, signed on February 2, 2001, and ratified on March 10, 2001.

Among those born in Tanauan are revolutionary former Prime Minister Apolinario Mabini and former President José P. Laurel.

Etymology

[edit]

The name "Tanauan" may have come from:

Like most Batangueños,Tanauan residents also pronounce the city's name as Tan-awan, in Batangas Tagalog dialect, despite the spelling. It is also spelled as Tanawan.

History

[edit]
Aerial view of Tanauan, 1941

Tanauan was founded by the Augustinians in 1584 on the northwestern bay of Taal Lake (formerly Bombon Lake), called Tanauan Bay. Lookout towers were associated with 16th and 17th century churches to forewarn of Moro raids. "Old Tanauan" (Tagalog: Lumang Tanauan) included such lookout tower and associated sapao (built-up structures in the water). The 1754 eruption of Taal Volcano forced the town inhabitants to initially move to Sala. Subsequently, both towns moved again later that year to Tanauan's current location, in which Sala is now a barrio.[9]

Tanaueños have displayed characteristics of personal independence and nationalism since early history. The town is called the cradle of noble heroes due to its contribution to the revolutionary movement of its sons Apolinario Mabini, the brains of Katipunan, and later by the statesman José P. Laurel. Also, three Tanaueños served as governors of Batangas, namely: José P. Laurel V, Modesto Castillo and Nicolas Gonzales.[8]

From 1903 to 1906, during the American occupation, it was consolidated with the municipality of Talisay and became the seat of the municipal government.[10][11] In 1904, the barrios of Balaquilong (Balakilong), Bayuyungan, Binirayan (Berinayan), Bugaan, and San Gabriel were ceded to Taal by virtue of Act No. 1244;[12] these barrios would eventually be returned to Talisay and later form the present-day Laurel.[13]

Recent events include the assassination of its former mayor, Cesar V. Platon, by NPA rebels on May 7, 2001, as he was running for the governorship of Batangas. This happened in Tuy a few days before the election.[14][15] On July 2, 2018, then-mayor Antonio Halili, noted for public humiliation campaigns against criminals and drug pushers, was shot and killed during the flag raising ceremony at the city hall at age 72.[16][17]

Cityhood

[edit]
Main article: Cities of the Philippines

The Congress approved Batangas 3rd District Representative Jose Macario Laurel IV's bill and a Senate counterpart measure to convert the municipality of Tanauan into a city on December 19, 2000. Republic Act No. 9005, known as "The Charter of the City of Tanauan," was signed into law on February 2, 2001 by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo.

On March 10, 2001, a Saturday, the charter was approved by a referendum in Tanauan that drew 8,890 or 16% of the 55,453 registered voters. Two ballots were either spoiled or blank. The "yes" had it over the "no" by a landslide, 7,026 to 1,961.

According to cityhood advocates, quoted in reports reaching Batangas on Sunday, the turnout, despite being two times better than previous conversion-to-city exercises, was still only 16%.[18]

Geography

[edit]

Tanauan is situated 64 kilometers (40 mi) south of Manila and 41 kilometers (25 mi) north of Batangas City. The city is part of Mega Manila resulting from the continuous expansion of Metro Manila. It shares its borders with Calamba, Laguna, to the north, Tagaytay City, Cavite, to the northwest, Talisay to the west, Santo Tomas City to the east, and the towns of Balete and Malvar to the south. It borders on Taal Lake to the west. The town is known for the Old Tanauan Church Ruins, the most important archaeological site in the municipality where human remains from the colonial era have been unearthed.

Climate

[edit]
Climate data for Tanauan
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 28
(82) 		29
(84) 		31
(88) 		32
(90) 		31
(88) 		29
(84) 		28
(82) 		28
(82) 		28
(82) 		28
(82) 		28
(82) 		28
(82) 		29
(84)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 19
(66) 		19
(66) 		20
(68) 		21
(70) 		23
(73) 		24
(75) 		23
(73) 		23
(73) 		23
(73) 		22
(72) 		21
(70) 		20
(68) 		22
(71)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 11
(0.4) 		13
(0.5) 		14
(0.6) 		32
(1.3) 		101
(4.0) 		142
(5.6) 		208
(8.2) 		187
(7.4) 		175
(6.9) 		131
(5.2) 		68
(2.7) 		39
(1.5) 		1,121
(44.3)
Average rainy days 5.2 5.0 7.4 11.5 19.8 23.5 27.0 25.9 25.2 23.2 15.5 8.3 197.5
Source: Meteoblue[19]

Demographics

[edit]
Population census of Tanauan
YearPop.±% p.a.
1903 18,263—    
1918 22,473+1.39%
1939 26,186+0.73%
1948 30,203+1.60%
1960 44,975+3.37%
1970 61,910+3.24%
1975 66,703+1.51%
1980 74,020+2.10%
1990 92,754+2.28%
1995 103,868+2.14%
2000 117,539+2.69%
2007 142,537+2.70%
2010 152,393+2.46%
2015 173,366+2.49%
2020 193,936+2.23%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[20][21][22][23]

Barangays

[edit]

Tanauan City is politically subdivided into 48 barangays.[24] Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

Barangays of Tanauan, Batangas
Barangay Land Area (hectares) Population (2020 census) District
Altura Bata 164.64 1,455 None
Altura Matanda 100.97 604 None
Altura South 102.18 781 None
Ambulong 218.38 7,241 La Playa de Tanauan
Bañadero 189.28 5,078 La Playa de Tanauan
Bagbag 569.67 3,655 None
Bagumbayan 239.00 7,657 None
Balele 620.43 9,995 None
Banjo East 145.92 3,482 None
Banjo Laurel (Banjo West) 308.45 2,158 None
Bilogbilog 406.44 5,469 None
Boot 385.43 6,505 La Playa de Tanauan
Cale 366.04 3,951 None
Darasa 327.28 23,987 None
Gonzales 188.29 2,047 La Playa de Tanauan
Hidalgo 97.31 1,156 None
Janopol Occidental 245.10 2,838 None
Janopol Oriental 289.91 3,403 None
Laurel 269.19 1,514 None
Luyos 183.23 1,795 None
Mabini 183.13 2,688 None
Malaking Pulo 543.60 4,237 None
Maria Paz 295.56 2,993 La Playa de Tanauan
Maugat 222.69 2,334 None
Montaña (Ik-ik) 94.20 1,718 None
Natatas 374.79 5,790 None
Pagaspas 311.71 5,861 None
Pantay Matanda 257.56 5,557 None
Pantay Bata 310.66 2,895 None
Poblacion Barangay 1 19.98 1,975 Poblacion
Poblacion Barangay 2 17.04 1,034 Poblacion
Poblacion Barangay 3 41.38 5,132 Poblacion
Poblacion Barangay 4 32.87 5,234 Poblacion
Poblacion Barangay 5 8.71 1,443 Poblacion
Poblacion Barangay 6 20.36 3,549 Poblacion
Poblacion Barangay 7 36.53 5,222 Poblacion
Sala 216.89 2,540 None
Sambat 88.82 4,446 None
San Jose 127.29 1,218 None
Santol (Doña Jacoba Garcia) 104.03 608 None
Santor 318.85 5,088 None
Sulpoc 400.18 2,052 None
Suplang 229.57 1,452 None
Talaga 442.62 5,600 None
Tinurik 229.82 6,071 None
Trapiche 241.21 7,842 None
Ulango 290.00 2,839 None
Wawa 112.93 1,747 La Playa de Tanauan

Religion

[edit]
St. John the Evangelist Parish Church (Tanauan Church)

Roman Catholicism is the most dominant and visible religion in Tanauan. St. John the Evangelist is its patron, and its main church is the St. John the Evangelist Parish, also known as the Tanauan Church. La Consolacion College Tanauan (formerly Our Lady of Fatima Academy, 1948), run by the Augustinian Sisters of Our Lady of Consolation, is the first Catholic school in the city. Other Catholic schools include Our Lady of Assumption Montessori School and Daughters of Mary Immaculate School (lay-operated). First Asia Institute is converting from a non-sectarian school to a Catholic (Christian) school.

Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehovah's Witnesses, Mormons (The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints), Islam and other religious groups are also present in the city.

Economy

[edit]

Poverty incidence of Tanauan

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
2006
7.50
2009
4.04
2012
5.86
2015
4.55
2018
8.74
2021
8.19

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]

Tanauan is known as an agricultural trading center of Calabarzon. Agricultural products from Calabarzon and as far as the Mimaropa and Bicol regions are delivered here before it reaches public markets in Metro Manila. Aside from being an important agricultural center, Tanauan is also one of the Philippines' major industrial centers nowadays hosting industrial parks, which are home to various multinational companies and tourism facilities.

Economic Zones and Business Districts
Name Description
First Philippine Industrial Park An industrial park owned by Lopez Group and Sumitomo Corporation located in Tanauan and Santo Tomas, Batangas. The Tanauan part hosts various multinational companies such as Nestlé (materials management center), Honda, Brother Printers, Canon Philippines, Shimano, B/E Aerospace, Philip Morris-Fortune Tobacco Corporation and many more.
First Industrial Township Incorporated Formerly PhilTown Technology Center located in Barangay Pagaspas which is now owned by First Philippine Holdings of the Lopez Group of Companies. This is home to Uni-President Philippines, the manufacturer of Homi instant noodles and Nooda Crunch.
Mira City The first fully integrated mixed use township development in the city by Daiichi Properties.
Dolores Industrial Park An industrial park in the Tanauan-Malvar area. It is the location of Metro Manila Turf Club.
Data Land Industrial Park An industrial park owned by Data Land Corporation. This hosts the precast manufacturing facility of the said company.
Tanauan City Zentrum A multi-sectoral development by the Torres Group of Companies located at the center of the new Tanauan Central Business District. It is now the location of the new Tanauan City Hall, which was inaugurated last July 23, 2017. In front of the new city hall is the new Tanauan People's Park. Aside from government centers, TCZ will also hosts office towers, condominiums and commercial centers by 2019.
Tagaytay Highlands Tourism Economic Zone A proposed expansion of Tagaytay Highlands by Belle Corporation.

Panaderia Pantoja

[edit]

The original 68-year old Pantoja Bakery started in 1950. Celinda Laurel Dimayuga (Tanauan) and Aurelio Maningat Pantoja (Balayan) used a "pugon" (clay brick oven). Spouses Arturo Dimayuga Pantoia and Marilyn Gonzales managed the bakery and mechanized it in 1970. Located in Sixto Castillo Street, Barangay Poblacion 2, Tanauan City, the iconic bakery is famous for traditional Filipino breads and biscuits, like pandesal, paborita biscuits and square, crisp jacobina crafted from paper-thin sheets of dough.[33][34]

Tourism

[edit]
Gat. Apolinario Mabini Shrine and Museum

JCastles Theme Park

[edit]

The first-biggest immersive theme park in the Philippines located in Brgy. Gonzales.[35]

Transportation

[edit]
Jose P. Laurel Highway through Tanauan poblacion

Public transport

[edit]

Jeepneys serve the city and the nearby municipalities and barangays. Tricycles provide transportation on the barangays. Buses connect the city with Metro Manila and Batangas City.

Roads

[edit]

The Southern Tagalog Arterial Road passes at the central part of the city. The expressway connects the city with the rest of Batangas. Jose P. Laurel Highway connects the city to Santo Tomas and to the Pan-Philippine Highway on the north and with Malvar, Lipa, San Jose, and Batangas City to the south. Another highway links Tanauan with Talisay and Tagaytay. A 7.8-kilometer (4.8 mi) service road on both sides of STAR Tollway will connect the northeastern barangays of Tanauan to the southeastern barangays of the city [36]

Aside from the STAR Tollway, national roads like the Jose P. Laurel Highway (Route 4) and Tanauan–Talisay Road (Route 421) serves also the city. The city also maintains roads that connects the rural barangays of the city.

Education

[edit]
Tanauan Campus of Our Lady of Assumption College

Among the tertiary educational establishments in Tanauan is the First Asia Institute of Technology and Humanities, La Consolacion College, Christian College of Tanauan, Nova Schola, the STI Academic Center, the DMMC Institute of Health Sciences, and the Tanauan Institute. The Tanauan Institute is the oldest private education institution in the city having been established in 1924. The Sapphire International Aviation Academy which caters to aspiring aircraft pilots is also located within the city at the Barradas Airstrip.

There are 9 private and 16 public high schools, and 27 private and 44 public elementary schools. Those schools are overseen by the City Schools Division of Tanauan.[37]

Government

[edit]

Local government

[edit]
Main article: Sangguniang Panglungsod
The Old Tanauan Municipal Hall served as the seat of local government from 1930s to 2000s.

The current seat of government of the city is the New Tanauan City Hall located at Laurel Hill in Barangay Natatas. Inaugurated in 2017, it succeeded the old municipal hall in Barangay 2 in the city proper.

Elected Officials

[edit]
City Officials (2022-2025)
Position Name Party
City Mayor Nelson 'Sonny' Collantes NPC
City Council Presiding Officer
City Vice Mayor Herminigildo Trinidad Jr. PDDS
Elected City Council Members
Councilors Sam Aquino Bengzon Liberal
Eugene Yson PDDS
Glen Win Gonzales PDDS
Dra. Marissa Tabing PDDS
Herman de Sagun PDDS
Czylene Marqueses PDDS
Benedicto Corona NPC
Angel Burgos PDDS
Kristel Guelos-Ramilo NPC
Eric Manglo NPC
Ex-Officio City Council Member
ABC President Precious Germaine Agojo Nonpartisan
SKFed President Ephraigme Bilog Nonpartisan

Heads of government

[edit]
  • Estanislao Gonzales (1870–1884)
  • Jose B. Gonzales (1885–1886)
  • Ruperto Laurel (1887–1888)
  • Sixto Gonzales Castillo (1892–1898)
  • Pedro M. Carandang (1899–1900)
  • Juan Gonzales Suizo (1900–1902)
  • Florentino Laurena (1902)
  • Valentin Dimayuga (1902–1903)
  • Florentino Collantes (1903–1904)
  • Prospero Dimayuga (1904–1905)
  • Pantaleon Gonzales (1905–1906)
  • Francisco Oñate (1906–1907)
  • Fulgencio Platon (1907–1908)
  • Nicolas Gonzales Sr. (1908–1912)
  • Crispin Garcia (1912–1916)
  • George Collantes (1916–1922)
  • Fulgencio Platon (1922–1925)
  • Florentino Laurena (1925–1928)
  • Antonio Dimayuga (1928–1937)
  • Felix Ebron (1937)
  • Alfredo Magpantay (1937–1942)
  • Nicolas Gonzales (1942–1943)
  • Jose M. Corona (1943–1945)
  • George Collantes (1946–1951)
  • Pedro B. Gonzales (1951–1967)
  • Jaime Banjo Laurel (1968–1970)
  • Sebastian Carandang (1970–1971)
  • Francisco E. Lirio (1971–1980)
  • Sotero Olfato (1980–1987)
  • Pedro Tipa (1987–1988)
  • Sotero Olfato (1988–1992)
  • Antonio C. Halili (1992)
  • Cesar V. Platon (1992–2001)
  • Alfredo C. Corona (2001–2006)
  • Sonia L. Torres-Aquino (2006–2013)
  • Antonio C. Halili (2013–2018)
  • Jhoanna Corona-Villamor (2018–2019)
  • Mary Angeline Halili (2019–2022)
  • Nelson "Sonny" Collantes (2022–present)

Notable personalities

[edit]
[edit]
  • Apolinario Mabini Shrine
    Apolinario Mabini Shrine
  • Pres. Jose P. Laurel Memorial Shrine
    Pres. Jose P. Laurel Memorial Shrine
  • Plaza Mabini
    Plaza Mabini
  • La Consolacion College, Tanauan
    La Consolacion College, Tanauan
  • STAR Tollway
    STAR Tollway
  • Nuestra Señora dela Soledad Parish Church, Darasa
    Nuestra Señora dela Soledad Parish Church, Darasa
  • Atty. Claro T. Almeda House
    Atty. Claro T. Almeda House

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Post-Activity Compliance Report". City of Tanauan. 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2023.
  2. ^ Tanauan Bayan Ko (Himno ng Tanauan/Tanauan Hymn)/Official Hymn of Tanauan City Batangas, retrieved April 19, 2023
  3. ^  City of Tanauan | (DILG)
  4. ^ "2015 Census of Population, Report No. 3 – Population, Land Area, and Population Density" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. Quezon City, Philippines. August 2016. ISSN 0117-1453. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved July 16, 2021.
  5. ^ a b Census of Population (2020). "Region IV-A (Calabarzon)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved July 8, 2021.
  6. ^ "PSA Releases the 2021 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. April 2, 2024. Retrieved April 28, 2024.
  7. ^ "Manila Water consortium signs Php 1.5 billion deal for Tanauan project". Retrieved February 6, 2019.
  8. ^ a b "A Brief History of our City". Tanauan City Government. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
  9. ^ Hargrove, Thomas (1991). The Mysteries of Taal: A Philippine volcano and lake, her sea life and lost towns. Manila: Bookmark Publishing. pp. 13, 33–55. ISBN 9715690467.
  10. ^ Act No. 708 (March 28, 1903), An Act Reducing Thirteen of the Municipalities in the Province of Batangas to Five, Senate of the Philippines Legislative Digital Resources, retrieved July 5, 2023
  11. ^ Act No. 1514 (July 23, 1906), An Act Increasing the Number of Municipalities in the Province of Batangas From Fifteen to Sixteen, by Separating From Tanauan the Former Municipality of Talisay, Reconstituting the Latter as a Municipality, and Giving to Each the Territory Which It Comprised Prior to the Passage of Act Numbered Seven Hundred and Eight, Senate of the Philippines Legislative Digital Resources, retrieved July 5, 2023
  12. ^ Act No. 1244 (October 7, 1904), An Act Annexing the Barrios of Bayuyungan, Bugaan, Balaquilong, San Gabriel, and Binirayan, Now a Part of the Municipality of Tanauan, Province of Batangas, to the Municipality of Taal, in the Same Province, Senate of the Philippines Legislative Digital Resources, retrieved July 5, 2023
  13. ^ Republic Act No. 5689 (June 21, 1969), An Act Creating the Municipality of Laurel in the Province of Batangas, The Corpus Juris, retrieved July 3, 2023
  14. ^ Ozaeta, Arnell; Alviar, Rene (January 14, 2002). "Cops zeroing in on 4 more Platon 'killers'". The Philippine Star. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
  15. ^ Ozaeta, Arnell; Leuterio, Joe; Alviar, Rene (May 8, 2001). "Lakas governor candidate in Batangas gunned down". The Philippine Star. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
  16. ^ Maricar Cinco (July 2, 2018). "Tanauan mayor dead after flag ceremony shooting". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved July 2, 2018.
  17. ^ "'Walk of shame' mayor shot dead". ABS-CBN News. July 2, 2018. Retrieved July 2, 2018.
  18. ^ "Batangan: Tanauan backs into cityhood; House panel okays "jueteng" bill; Laurel drops plan for Santo Tomas cityhood". www.geocities.ws. Retrieved July 2, 2018.
  19. ^ "Tanauan: Average Temperatures and Rainfall". Meteoblue. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
  20. ^ Census of Population (2015). "Region IV-A (Calabarzon)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
  21. ^ Census of Population and Housing (2010). "Region IV-A (Calabarzon)" (PDF). Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. National Statistics Office. Retrieved June 29, 2016.
  22. ^ Censuses of Population (1903–2007). "Region IV-A (Calabarzon)". Table 1. Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by Province/Highly Urbanized City: 1903 to 2007. National Statistics Office.
  23. ^ "Province of Batangas". Municipality Population Data. Local Water Utilities Administration Research Division. Retrieved December 17, 2016.
  24. ^ "Barangays of Tanauan City, Tanauan City Website, Retrieved: 15 October 2011". tanauancity.gov.ph. Retrieved April 11, 2018.
  25. ^ "Poverty incidence (PI):". Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
  26. ^ "Estimation of Local Poverty in the Philippines" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. November 29, 2005.
  27. ^ "2003 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. March 23, 2009.
  28. ^ "City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates; 2006 and 2009" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. August 3, 2012.
  29. ^ "2012 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. May 31, 2016.
  30. ^ "Municipal and City Level Small Area Poverty Estimates; 2009, 2012 and 2015". Philippine Statistics Authority. July 10, 2019.
  31. ^ "PSA Releases the 2018 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. December 15, 2021. Retrieved January 22, 2022.
  32. ^ "PSA Releases the 2021 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. April 2, 2024. Retrieved April 28, 2024.
  33. ^ Alabastro, Anthony (September 18, 2022). "Taking an old another town panaderia to next leverl". Retrieved May 13, 2024 – via PressReader.
  34. ^ Cruz, Chino (May 7, 2018). "This 68-Year Old Bakery In Batangas Is Famous For Traditional Filipino Breads And Biscuits". yummy.ph. Retrieved May 13, 2024.
  35. ^ "JCastles". Retrieved September 8, 2024.
  36. ^ Admin. "Service road sa STAR Tollway, bubuksan". www.tanauancity.gov.ph. Retrieved April 11, 2018.
  37. ^ "DepEd Tanauan City". Retrieved October 21, 2023.
  38. ^ "Christian C. Javier - FIDE Profile". International Chess Federation.
  39. ^ "Christian C. Javier - ICCF Profile". International Correspondece Chess Federation.
  40. ^ Davao, Edge (March 18, 2016). "21 gentlemen and one lady served as Davao city mayors". Edge Davao. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
[edit]
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Tanauan.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tanauan, Batangas.
Wikisource has the text of a 1920 Encyclopedia Americana article about Tanauan, Batangas.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tanauan,_Batangas&oldid=1263945704"