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http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/world/asia-pacific/1186401.stm
http://www.culturalsurvival.org/ourpublications/csq/article/violence-indonesian-borneo-spurs-relocation-ethnic-madurese
http://indahnesia.com/indonesia/SAMPEO/people.php
http://books.google.com/books?id=OrdM8X7CBTAC&pg=PA299&lpg=PA299&dq=dayaks+malay+madurese&source=bl&ots=uZeyxBWjTh&sig=HJgReO2XzQEeybz5g8k2mMqTKXk&hl=en&sa=X&ei=e8_vUpXQJqvJsQTvt4GYDA&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=dayaks%20malay%20madurese&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=EUDii8kvQYAC&pg=PA73#v=onepage&q&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=IUet7tl_j90C&pg=PA90&dq=Afu+Chinese+Dayaks+Malays+senasib&hl=en&sa=X&ei=tN0KU_yOF8buyAHTzIHwCw&ved=0CCsQ6wEwAA#v=onepage&q=Afu%20Chinese%20Dayaks%20Malays%20senasib&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=mk-nXY3HQfoC&pg=PA83&dq=sambas+riots&hl=en&sa=X&ei=01YWU6nOMK3I0gHosIDwDg&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=sambas%20riots&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=wJ0pCgm5xS8C&pg=PA186&dq=through+anti-Madurese+violence,+Malay+proves+indigeneity+part+politicized+field+ethnicity&hl=en&sa=X&ei=EVkWU8fHF8qU0QHGt4CoBg&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=through%20anti-Madurese%20violence%2C%20Malay%20proves%20indigeneity%20part%20politicized%20field%20ethnicity&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=wpJGooepEMYC&pg=PA143&dq=Sambas+1999+violence+Malay+claim+indigeneity+Koebillah&hl=en&sa=X&ei=0VgWU-7ABsWf0QGTzYHACg&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Sambas%201999%20violence%20Malay%20claim%20indigeneity%20Koebillah&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=mPLgeU6K6pMC&pg=PA138&dq=through+anti-Madurese+violence,+Malay+proves+indigeneity+part+politicized+field+ethnicity&hl=en&sa=X&ei=EVkWU8fHF8qU0QHGt4CoBg&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=through%20anti-Madurese%20violence%2C%20Malay%20proves%20indigeneity%20part%20politicized%20field%20ethnicity&f=false
http://www.library.ohiou.edu/indopubs/1999/03/24/0128.html
http://www.library.ohiou.edu/indopubs/1999/03/21/0047.html
http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/1999/04/20/the-solution-sambas-riots.html
The 1999 massacres of Malays and Dayaks against Madurese is called the Sambas conflict .
http://books.google.com/books?id=JWQqTQUrHTwC&pg=PT24&dq=chinese+peaceful+dayak&hl=en&sa=X&ei=OtsKU6eFNOeayAGK5oHABg&ved=0CFAQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=chinese%20peaceful%20dayak&f=false
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/1191865.stm
http://books.google.com/books?id=gZU0jbXt5MkC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=Gr3IAVnqmvQC&pg=PA34&dq=Since+1950+in+west+kalimantan+there+have+been+thirteen+conflicts&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Wd0KU7HeAqLCyQGTqoDoDQ&ved=0CDYQ6wEwAg#v=onepage&q=Since%201950%20in%20west%20kalimantan%20there%20have%20been%20thirteen%20conflicts&f=false
22:54, 4 March 2014 (UTC)
http://books.google.com/books?id=EUDii8kvQYAC&pg=PA82&lpg=PA82&dq=sambas+conflict&source=bl&ots=YDwHDFTcps&sig=iyOr1QcH_GvuWp4KA6VJe1bmvgU&hl=en&sa=X&ei=YGJAU-WiLZW_sQT8qoKYDQ&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=sambas%20conflict&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=EUDii8kvQYAC&pg=PA80&dq=Pontianak+incident&hl=en&sa=X&ei=MCBDU6emFsa02AWru4DABA&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=Pontianak%20incident&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=wpJGooepEMYC&pg=PA151&dq=Pontianak+incident&hl=en&sa=X&ei=MCBDU6emFsa02AWru4DABA&ved=0CFsQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Pontianak%20incident&f=false
http://videongeri.mywapblog.com/dayak-vs-madura.xhtml
https://books.google.com/books?id=x6Wf1vjz-PYC&pg=PR1&lpg=PR1&dq=By+adopting+a+contentious+politics+approach+that+examines+the+sociological+processes+of+communal+violence,+the+book+details+six+episodes+including+ethnic+fighting+in+West+and+Central+Kalimantan,+and+Muslim%E2%80%93Christian+violence+in+Central+Sulawesi,+Maluku+%28Ambon%29+and+North+Maluku&source=bl&ots=lw_yUkfsAa&sig=--7gvVOjGb4bptUvU60MyI1UPlY&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CB4Q6AEwAGoVChMIzJmn0fzMyAIVQhw-Ch0VCg7M#v=onepage&q=By%20adopting%20a%20contentious%20politics%20approach%20that%20examines%20the%20sociological%20processes%20of%20communal%20violence%2C%20the%20book%20details%20six%20episodes%20including%20ethnic%20fighting%20in%20West%20and%20Central%20Kalimantan%2C%20and%20Muslim%E2%80%93Christian%20violence%20in%20Central%20Sulawesi%2C%20Maluku%20%28Ambon%29%20and%20North%20Maluku&f=false
https://books.google.com/books?id=x6Wf1vjz-PYC&pg=PR1&dq=By+adopting+a+contentious+politics+approach+that+examines+the+sociological+processes+of+communal+violence,+the+book+details+six+episodes+including+ethnic+fighting+in+West+and+Central+Kalimantan,+and+Muslim%E2%80%93Christian+violence+in+Central+Sulawesi,+Maluku+%28Ambon%29+and+North+Maluku&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAGoVChMI_5e44fzMyAIViMo-Ch1iqgDB#v=onepage&q=By%20adopting%20a%20contentious%20politics%20approach%20that%20examines%20the%20sociological%20processes%20of%20communal%20violence%2C%20the%20book%20details%20six%20episodes%20including%20ethnic%20fighting%20in%20West%20and%20Central%20Kalimantan%2C%20and%20Muslim%E2%80%93Christian%20violence%20in%20Central%20Sulawesi%2C%20Maluku%20%28Ambon%29%20and%20North%20Maluku&f=false
Page i
https://books.google.com/books?id=QbBwAAAAMAAJ&q=By+adopting+a+contentious+politics+approach+that+examines+the+sociological+processes+of+communal+violence,+the+book+details+six+episodes+including+ethnic+fighting+in+West+and+Central+Kalimantan,+and+Muslim%E2%80%93Christian+violence+in+Central+Sulawesi,+Maluku+%28Ambon%29+and+North+Maluku&dq=By+adopting+a+contentious+politics+approach+that+examines+the+sociological+processes+of+communal+violence,+the+book+details+six+episodes+including+ethnic+fighting+in+West+and+Central+Kalimantan,+and+Muslim%E2%80%93Christian+violence+in+Central+Sulawesi,+Maluku+%28Ambon%29+and+North+Maluku&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAWoVChMI_5e44fzMyAIViMo-Ch1iqgDB
https://books.google.com/books?id=x6Wf1vjz-PYC&pg=PA54&dq=West+Kalimantan+experienced+two+major+episodes+of+communal+violence,+one+in+early+1997,+and+one+2+years+later+in+1999.+The+first+left+about+500+dead+and+20,000+internally+displaced+Madurese+migrants+%28Human+Rights+Watch+1997%29.2+The+second+left+fewer+dead+but+an+even+greater+number+of+displaced+Madurese+%E2%80%93+approximately+35,000,+which+swelled+to+60,000+following+another+pogrom+in+2000+%28Norwegian+Refugee+Council+2002%29.+News+reports+made+the+two+episodes+look+similar.+Both+took+place+in+the+same+north-western+district+of+the+province;+both+targeted+the+unpopular+Madurese+immigrant+community+with+house+burning,+wholesale+expulsion+and+murder+by+decapitation+and+both+militant+movements+described+themselves+as+indigenous+cultural+protests+against+immigrants.+But+the+differences+were+great+as+well,+and+we+can+learn+from+them.+The+first+played+out&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CBwQ6AEwAGoVChMItICNjP3MyAIVCGg-Ch0N-A7w#v=onepage&q=West%20Kalimantan%20experienced%20two%20major%20episodes%20of%20communal%20violence%2C%20one%20in%20early%201997%2C%20and%20one%202%20years%20later%20in%201999.%20The%20first%20left%20about%20500%20dead%20and%2020%2C000%20internally%20displaced%20Madurese%20migrants%20%28Human%20Rights%20Watch%201997%29.2%20The%20second%20left%20fewer%20dead%20but%20an%20even%20greater%20number%20of%20displaced%20Madurese%20%E2%80%93%20approximately%2035%2C000%2C%20which%20swelled%20to%2060%2C000%20following%20another%20pogrom%20in%202000%20%28Norwegian%20Refugee%20Council%202002%29.%20News%20reports%20made%20the%20two%20episodes%20look%20similar.%20Both%20took%20place%20in%20the%20same%20north-western%20district%20of%20the%20province%3B%20both%20targeted%20the%20unpopular%20Madurese%20immigrant%20community%20with%20house%20burning%2C%20wholesale%20expulsion%20and%20murder%20by%20decapitation%20and%20both%20militant%20movements%20described%20themselves%20as%20indigenous%20cultural%20protests%20against%20immigrants.%20But%20the%20differences%20were%20great%20as%20well%2C%20and%20we%20can%20learn%20from%20them.%20The%20first%20played%20out&f=false
https://books.google.com/books?id=QbBwAAAAMAAJ&q=West+Kalimantan+experienced+two+major+episodes+of+communal+violence,+one+in+early+1997,+and+one+2+years+later+in+1999.+The+first+left+about+500+dead+and+20,000+internally+displaced+Madurese+migrants+%28Human+Rights+Watch+1997%29.2+The+second+left+fewer+dead+but+an+even+greater+number+of+displaced+Madurese+%E2%80%93+approximately+35,000,+which+swelled+to+60,000+following+another+pogrom+in+2000+%28Norwegian+Refugee+Council+2002%29.+News+reports+made+the+two+episodes+look+similar.+Both+took+place+in+the+same+north-western+district+of+the+province;+both+targeted+the+unpopular+Madurese+immigrant+community+with+house+burning,+wholesale+expulsion+and+murder+by+decapitation+and+both+militant+movements+described+themselves+as+indigenous+cultural+protests+against+immigrants.+But+the+differences+were+great+as+well,+and+we+can+learn+from+them.+The+first+played+out&dq=West+Kalimantan+experienced+two+major+episodes+of+communal+violence,+one+in+early+1997,+and+one+2+years+later+in+1999.+The+first+left+about+500+dead+and+20,000+internally+displaced+Madurese+migrants+%28Human+Rights+Watch+1997%29.2+The+second+left+fewer+dead+but+an+even+greater+number+of+displaced+Madurese+%E2%80%93+approximately+35,000,+which+swelled+to+60,000+following+another+pogrom+in+2000+%28Norwegian+Refugee+Council+2002%29.+News+reports+made+the+two+episodes+look+similar.+Both+took+place+in+the+same+north-western+district+of+the+province;+both+targeted+the+unpopular+Madurese+immigrant+community+with+house+burning,+wholesale+expulsion+and+murder+by+decapitation+and+both+militant+movements+described+themselves+as+indigenous+cultural+protests+against+immigrants.+But+the+differences+were+great+as+well,+and+we+can+learn+from+them.+The+first+played+out&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCIQ6AEwAWoVChMItICNjP3MyAIVCGg-Ch0N-A7w
https://books.google.com/books?id=x6Wf1vjz-PYC&pg=PA55&dq=under+the+banner+of+Dayak+ethnic+identity+and+was+driven+from+a+confusing+multiplicity+of+organizing+centres.+The+second+was+Malay,+centrally+organized,+and+looked+like+a+conscious+imitation+of+the+first.+Dayaks+and+Malays+make+up+about+equal+numbers+in+West+Kalimantan+%E2%80%93+around+40+per+cent+each+%28give+or+take+a+few+percentage+points,+as+the+ethnic+controversy+ensured+the+2000+census+data+was+never+released+for+this+province%29.+Madurese+were+a+small+minority+of+less+than+3+per+cent+even+before+the+troubles.+The+largest+remaining+group+is+ethnic+Chinese,+who+have+a+long+history+in+this+part+of+the+archipelago+but+who+stayed+out+of+trouble+in+this+period+%28Human+Rights+Watch+1997%29.+How+did+the+claims+about+the+identity+of+Dayaks+and+Malays+shape+the+violence+that+occurred+in+both+these+episodes?+This+deceptively+simple+question+conceals+a+number+of+conceptual+problems,+which+must+be+solved+before+it+can+be+answered+satisfactorily.+However,+before+broaching+the+theoretical+discussion+%E2%80%93+and+this+chapter+must+broach+it+more+than+most+others+in+this+book+%E2%80%93+it+is+best+to+begin+with+the+story+of+communal+violence+in+West+Kalimantan&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CBwQ6AEwAGoVChMIhbmLm_3MyAIVQzY-Ch2UyQcn#v=onepage&q=under%20the%20banner%20of%20Dayak%20ethnic%20identity%20and%20was%20driven%20from%20a%20confusing%20multiplicity%20of%20organizing%20centres.%20The%20second%20was%20Malay%2C%20centrally%20organized%2C%20and%20looked%20like%20a%20conscious%20imitation%20of%20the%20first.%20Dayaks%20and%20Malays%20make%20up%20about%20equal%20numbers%20in%20West%20Kalimantan%20%E2%80%93%20around%2040%20per%20cent%20each%20%28give%20or%20take%20a%20few%20percentage%20points%2C%20as%20the%20ethnic%20controversy%20ensured%20the%202000%20census%20data%20was%20never%20released%20for%20this%20province%29.%20Madurese%20were%20a%20small%20minority%20of%20less%20than%203%20per%20cent%20even%20before%20the%20troubles.%20The%20largest%20remaining%20group%20is%20ethnic%20Chinese%2C%20who%20have%20a%20long%20history%20in%20this%20part%20of%20the%20archipelago%20but%20who%20stayed%20out%20of%20trouble%20in%20this%20period%20%28Human%20Rights%20Watch%201997%29.%20How%20did%20the%20claims%20about%20the%20identity%20of%20Dayaks%20and%20Malays%20shape%20the%20violence%20that%20occurred%20in%20both%20these%20episodes%3F%20This%20deceptively%20simple%20question%20conceals%20a%20number%20of%20conceptual%20problems%2C%20which%20must%20be%20solved%20before%20it%20can%20be%20answered%20satisfactorily.%20However%2C%20before%20broaching%20the%20theoretical%20discussion%20%E2%80%93%20and%20this%20chapter%20must%20broach%20it%20more%20than%20most%20others%20in%20this%20book%20%E2%80%93%20it%20is%20best%20to%20begin%20with%20the%20story%20of%20communal%20violence%20in%20West%20Kalimantan&f=false
https://books.google.com/books?id=QbBwAAAAMAAJ&q=under+the+banner+of+Dayak+ethnic+identity+and+was+driven+from+a+confusing+multiplicity+of+organizing+centres.+The+second+was+Malay,+centrally+organized,+and+looked+like+a+conscious+imitation+of+the+first.+Dayaks+and+Malays+make+up+about+equal+numbers+in+West+Kalimantan+%E2%80%93+around+40+per+cent+each+%28give+or+take+a+few+percentage+points,+as+the+ethnic+controversy+ensured+the+2000+census+data+was+never+released+for+this+province%29.+Madurese+were+a+small+minority+of+less+than+3+per+cent+even+before+the+troubles.+The+largest+remaining+group+is+ethnic+Chinese,+who+have+a+long+history+in+this+part+of+the+archipelago+but+who+stayed+out+of+trouble+in+this+period+%28Human+Rights+Watch+1997%29.+How+did+the+claims+about+the+identity+of+Dayaks+and+Malays+shape+the+violence+that+occurred+in+both+these+episodes?+This+deceptively+simple+question+conceals+a+number+of+conceptual+problems,+which+must+be+solved+before+it+can+be+answered+satisfactorily.+However,+before+broaching+the+theoretical+discussion+%E2%80%93+and+this+chapter+must+broach+it+more+than+most+others+in+this+book+%E2%80%93+it+is+best+to+begin+with+the+story+of+communal+violence+in+West+Kalimantan&dq=under+the+banner+of+Dayak+ethnic+identity+and+was+driven+from+a+confusing+multiplicity+of+organizing+centres.+The+second+was+Malay,+centrally+organized,+and+looked+like+a+conscious+imitation+of+the+first.+Dayaks+and+Malays+make+up+about+equal+numbers+in+West+Kalimantan+%E2%80%93+around+40+per+cent+each+%28give+or+take+a+few+percentage+points,+as+the+ethnic+controversy+ensured+the+2000+census+data+was+never+released+for+this+province%29.+Madurese+were+a+small+minority+of+less+than+3+per+cent+even+before+the+troubles.+The+largest+remaining+group+is+ethnic+Chinese,+who+have+a+long+history+in+this+part+of+the+archipelago+but+who+stayed+out+of+trouble+in+this+period+%28Human+Rights+Watch+1997%29.+How+did+the+claims+about+the+identity+of+Dayaks+and+Malays+shape+the+violence+that+occurred+in+both+these+episodes?+This+deceptively+simple+question+conceals+a+number+of+conceptual+problems,+which+must+be+solved+before+it+can+be+answered+satisfactorily.+However,+before+broaching+the+theoretical+discussion+%E2%80%93+and+this+chapter+must+broach+it+more+than+most+others+in+this+book+%E2%80%93+it+is+best+to+begin+with+the+story+of+communal+violence+in+West+Kalimantan&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCIQ6AEwAWoVChMIhbmLm_3MyAIVQzY-Ch2UyQcn
https://books.google.com/books?id=x6Wf1vjz-PYC&pg=PA124&dq=On+the+evening+of+20+February+2001,+Dayak+fighters+attacked+the+riverside+timber+harbour+of+Sampit.+They+sought+out+Madurese+settlers+in+the+town.+Those+whom+they+found,+they+beheaded.+By+the+next+evening+the+fighters+were+driving+around+town+in+trucks,+holding+up+dripping+heads+in+triumph.+Thousands+of+panicked+Madurese+survivors+fled+to+government+offices,+from+whence+they+were+shipped+out+of+Central+Kalimantan+to+the+island+of+Madura+near+Java+where+their+ethnic+roots+lay.+On+25+February+more+Dayak+fighters+burned+down+Madurese+homes+in+the+provincial+capital+of+Palangkaraya+%E2%80%93+their+occupants+having+already+fled+the+province.+One+hundred+and+eighteen+Madurese+were+killed+the+same+day+in+the+small+town+of+Parenggean+north+of+Sampit.+The+men,+women+and+children+in+this+group+had+come+out+of+hiding+in+the+jungle+with+promises+of+safe+passage.+More+Madurese+were+massacred+at+the+port+town+of+Samuda+south+of+Sampit.+Within+a+few+weeks,+Dayak+fighters+had+pushed+their+campaign+of+ethnic+cleansing+to+the+extremities+of+the+main+trans-Kalimantan+road+through+Central+Kalimantan+%E2%80%93+to+Kuala+Kapuas+in+the+south-east,+and+to+Pangkalanbun+in+the+west.+Nearly+90+per+cent+of+the+provincial+Madurese+population+of+120%E2%80%93130,000+had+left+%28International+Crisis+Group+2001a:+1,+5%29.+Only+in+Pangkalanbun,+with+a+substantial+Madurese+population,+did+most+stay.+A+large+proportion+of+those+who+left+never+returned+to+Central+Kalimantan.+Credible+estimates+of+the+number+of+dead+range+from+500+to+nearly+1,300,+most+of+them+Madurese.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAGoVChMI3KTnz_3MyAIVCHs-Ch01hQD7#v=onepage&q=On%20the%20evening%20of%2020%20February%202001%2C%20Dayak%20fighters%20attacked%20the%20riverside%20timber%20harbour%20of%20Sampit.%20They%20sought%20out%20Madurese%20settlers%20in%20the%20town.%20Those%20whom%20they%20found%2C%20they%20beheaded.%20By%20the%20next%20evening%20the%20fighters%20were%20driving%20around%20town%20in%20trucks%2C%20holding%20up%20dripping%20heads%20in%20triumph.%20Thousands%20of%20panicked%20Madurese%20survivors%20fled%20to%20government%20offices%2C%20from%20whence%20they%20were%20shipped%20out%20of%20Central%20Kalimantan%20to%20the%20island%20of%20Madura%20near%20Java%20where%20their%20ethnic%20roots%20lay.%20On%2025%20February%20more%20Dayak%20fighters%20burned%20down%20Madurese%20homes%20in%20the%20provincial%20capital%20of%20Palangkaraya%20%E2%80%93%20their%20occupants%20having%20already%20fled%20the%20province.%20One%20hundred%20and%20eighteen%20Madurese%20were%20killed%20the%20same%20day%20in%20the%20small%20town%20of%20Parenggean%20north%20of%20Sampit.%20The%20men%2C%20women%20and%20children%20in%20this%20group%20had%20come%20out%20of%20hiding%20in%20the%20jungle%20with%20promises%20of%20safe%20passage.%20More%20Madurese%20were%20massacred%20at%20the%20port%20town%20of%20Samuda%20south%20of%20Sampit.%20Within%20a%20few%20weeks%2C%20Dayak%20fighters%20had%20pushed%20their%20campaign%20of%20ethnic%20cleansing%20to%20the%20extremities%20of%20the%20main%20trans-Kalimantan%20road%20through%20Central%20Kalimantan%20%E2%80%93%20to%20Kuala%20Kapuas%20in%20the%20south-east%2C%20and%20to%20Pangkalanbun%20in%20the%20west.%20Nearly%2090%20per%20cent%20of%20the%20provincial%20Madurese%20population%20of%20120%E2%80%93130%2C000%20had%20left%20%28International%20Crisis%20Group%202001a%3A%201%2C%205%29.%20Only%20in%20Pangkalanbun%2C%20with%20a%20substantial%20Madurese%20population%2C%20did%20most%20stay.%20A%20large%20proportion%20of%20those%20who%20left%20never%20returned%20to%20Central%20Kalimantan.%20Credible%20estimates%20of%20the%20number%20of%20dead%20range%20from%20500%20to%20nearly%201%2C300%2C%20most%20of%20them%20Madurese.&f=false
https://books.google.com/books?id=QbBwAAAAMAAJ&q=On+the+evening+of+20+February+2001,+Dayak+fighters+attacked+the+riverside+timber+harbour+of+Sampit.+They+sought+out+Madurese+settlers+in+the+town.+Those+whom+they+found,+they+beheaded.+By+the+next+evening+the+fighters+were+driving+around+town+in+trucks,+holding+up+dripping+heads+in+triumph.+Thousands+of+panicked+Madurese+survivors+fled+to+government+offices,+from+whence+they+were+shipped+out+of+Central+Kalimantan+to+the+island+of+Madura+near+Java+where+their+ethnic+roots+lay.+On+25+February+more+Dayak+fighters+burned+down+Madurese+homes+in+the+provincial+capital+of+Palangkaraya+%E2%80%93+their+occupants+having+already+fled+the+province.+One+hundred+and+eighteen+Madurese+were+killed+the+same+day+in+the+small+town+of+Parenggean+north+of+Sampit.+The+men,+women+and+children+in+this+group+had+come+out+of+hiding+in+the+jungle+with+promises+of+safe+passage.+More+Madurese+were+massacred+at+the+port+town+of+Samuda+south+of+Sampit.+Within+a+few+weeks,+Dayak+fighters+had+pushed+their+campaign+of+ethnic+cleansing+to+the+extremities+of+the+main+trans-Kalimantan+road+through+Central+Kalimantan+%E2%80%93+to+Kuala+Kapuas+in+the+south-east,+and+to+Pangkalanbun+in+the+west.+Nearly+90+per+cent+of+the+provincial+Madurese+population+of+120%E2%80%93130,000+had+left+%28International+Crisis+Group+2001a:+1,+5%29.+Only+in+Pangkalanbun,+with+a+substantial+Madurese+population,+did+most+stay.+A+large+proportion+of+those+who+left+never+returned+to+Central+Kalimantan.+Credible+estimates+of+the+number+of+dead+range+from+500+to+nearly+1,300,+most+of+them+Madurese.&dq=On+the+evening+of+20+February+2001,+Dayak+fighters+attacked+the+riverside+timber+harbour+of+Sampit.+They+sought+out+Madurese+settlers+in+the+town.+Those+whom+they+found,+they+beheaded.+By+the+next+evening+the+fighters+were+driving+around+town+in+trucks,+holding+up+dripping+heads+in+triumph.+Thousands+of+panicked+Madurese+survivors+fled+to+government+offices,+from+whence+they+were+shipped+out+of+Central+Kalimantan+to+the+island+of+Madura+near+Java+where+their+ethnic+roots+lay.+On+25+February+more+Dayak+fighters+burned+down+Madurese+homes+in+the+provincial+capital+of+Palangkaraya+%E2%80%93+their+occupants+having+already+fled+the+province.+One+hundred+and+eighteen+Madurese+were+killed+the+same+day+in+the+small+town+of+Parenggean+north+of+Sampit.+The+men,+women+and+children+in+this+group+had+come+out+of+hiding+in+the+jungle+with+promises+of+safe+passage.+More+Madurese+were+massacred+at+the+port+town+of+Samuda+south+of+Sampit.+Within+a+few+weeks,+Dayak+fighters+had+pushed+their+campaign+of+ethnic+cleansing+to+the+extremities+of+the+main+trans-Kalimantan+road+through+Central+Kalimantan+%E2%80%93+to+Kuala+Kapuas+in+the+south-east,+and+to+Pangkalanbun+in+the+west.+Nearly+90+per+cent+of+the+provincial+Madurese+population+of+120%E2%80%93130,000+had+left+%28International+Crisis+Group+2001a:+1,+5%29.+Only+in+Pangkalanbun,+with+a+substantial+Madurese+population,+did+most+stay.+A+large+proportion+of+those+who+left+never+returned+to+Central+Kalimantan.+Credible+estimates+of+the+number+of+dead+range+from+500+to+nearly+1,300,+most+of+them+Madurese.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCMQ6AEwAWoVChMI3KTnz_3MyAIVCHs-Ch01hQD7
http://samples.sainsburysebooks.co.uk/9781134115334_sample_819507.pdf
http://dare.uva.nl/document/2/92011
http://www.oapen.org/download?type=document&docid=421239
more photos of the riots
http://www.forumbebas.com/thread-878.html
http://topicstock.pantip.com/chalermthai/topicstock/A3050773/A3050773.html
http://www.artsmen.net/content/show.php?Category=mythboard&No=1333
http://topicstock.pantip.com/chalermthai/topicstock/A3050773/A3050773.html
http://www.artsmen.net/content/show.php?Category=mythboard&No=1333
http://www.forumbebas.com/thread-878.html
http://content.time.com/time/covers/asia/0,16641,20010312,00.html
http://www.fica.org/hr/Sanggauledo.html
http://www.fica.org/hr/Sanggauledo.html
http://www.fica.org/hr/Banyuwangi.html
http://www.fica.org/hr
http://www.fica.org ,
http://www.fica.org/hr/Sanggauledo.html
http://www.fica.org/hr/Banyuwangi.html
http://www.fica.org/hr/Sanggauledo.html
http://www.fica.org/hr/Banyuwangi.html
http://dhuwix.tripod.com/adm/interstitial/remote.jpg
http://dhuwix.tripod.com/gallery/tragedi/sampit/index_sampit.htm
Rajmaan (talk ) 22:07, 7 April 2014 (UTC) [ reply ]
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