Swyer–James syndrome
| Swyer–James syndrome | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Swyer–James–Macleod's syndrome[1] |
 | |
| Swyer–James syndrome of the left (smaller) lung, virtual CT-bronchography | |
| Specialty | Pulmonology |
| Symptoms | Often no symptoms, sometimes shortness of breath on exertion, wheeze, reduced ability to exercise, cough, chest pain[2] |
| Causes | Childhood bronchiolitis obliterans[2] |
| Diagnostic method | medical imaging[2] |
| Treatment | Bronchodilators[1] |
| Frequency | Rare[2] |
Swyer–James syndrome (SJS), also called Swyer–James–MacLeod syndrome, is a rare disease of the lungs, characterized by a small lung or part of lung.[1] Typical symptoms are of recurrent respiratory tract infections, but some have no symptoms.[2]
As a result of childhood bronchiolitis obliterans, typically following adenovirus infection, there is a reduction in blood vessels and overextended alveoli, resulting in air trapping in one or part of one lung.[1]
Signs and symptoms
[edit]Often, there are no symptoms and the disease is detected when investigating another problem. Sometimes there is shortness of breath on exertion, wheeze, reduced ability to exercise, cough and chest pain.[2]
Cause and mechanism
[edit]Swyer–James syndrome is a manifestation of postinfectious obliterative bronchiolitis.[2] In SJS, the involved lung or portion of the lung does not grow normally and is slightly smaller than the opposite lung.[3] The characteristic radiographic appearance is that of pulmonary hyperlucency, caused by overdistention of the alveoli in conjunction with diminished arterial flow.[4][5] and has been linked to adenovirus type 21, a type of adenovirus infection.[6]
Diagnosis
[edit]In appearance Swyer–James normally leaves shadowing in a CT scan in the upper lobar regions of one or (rarely) both lungs. People with the illness operate in much the same way as patients with mild bronchiectasis. As a result, the illness can go undiagnosed for some time. With current pharmaceutical developments, the prognosis is good for sufferers of the illness to lead normal and healthy lives.[citation needed]
History
[edit]It was found by English chest physician William Mathiseon MacLeod,[7] and (simultaneously) by physician Paul Robert Swyer and radiologist George James in the 1950s in Canada.[8][2]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d Dalpiaz, Giorgia; Cancellieri, Alessandra (2017). Atlas of Diffuse Lung Diseases: A Multidisciplinary Approach. Springer. p. 248. ISBN 978-3-319-42750-8.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Behrendt, Anna; Lee, Yi (2022). "Swyer-James-MacLeod Syndrome". StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. PMID 32119329. Archived from the original on 2022-05-03. Retrieved 2022-05-03.
- ^ Wood, Beverly P (5 March 2019). "Swyer-James Syndrome Imaging: Practice Essentials, Radiography, Computed Tomography". www.emedicine.medscape.com. Archived from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 3 May 2022.
- ^ Khalil KF, Saeed W (March 2008). "Swyer-James-MacLeod Syndrome". Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan. 18 (3): 190–2. PMID 18460255.
- ^ Gopinath A, Strigun D, Banyopadhyay T (2005). "Swyer-James syndrome". Connecticut Medicine. 69 (6): 325–7. PMID 16184857.
- ^ Kliegman, Robert; Richard M Kliegman (2006). Nelson essentials of pediatrics. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Saunders. ISBN 978-0-8089-2325-1.
- ^ Macleod, W. M. (1954). "Abnormal transradiancy of one lung". Thorax. 9 (2): 147–153. doi:10.1136/thx.9.2.147. PMC 1019360. PMID 13179127.
- ^ Swyer, P. R.; James, G. C. W. (1953). "A Case of Unilateral Pulmonary Emphysema". Thorax. 8 (2): 133–136. doi:10.1136/thx.8.2.133. PMC 1019253. PMID 13077508.