Superfest
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Superfest, also called CV-Glas[1] or Ceverit[2] until 1980, was a brand of drinking glasses in the GDR. Due to being made of chemically strengthened glass, they were notably strong. The Superfest glasses were produced between 1980 and 1990 in what was then state-owned Sachsenglas Schwepnitz.[2]
The GDR regarded the product as a key potential export and gave it priority for development. However, foreign sales were not secured, as potential buyers regarded the idea of long-life glassware as detrimental to their ability to sell replacements. As state employees in a state owned industry, the inventors did not receive significant financial rewards or royalties, but were honoured for their achievements.
Around 120 million glasses were sold by the end of production in 1990, mostly to food and drink establishments within the GDR. Designs included many glass sizes and ice cream cups. The business was wound up by the Treuhand privatisation industry in 1991, and the patent was abandoned by its inventors in 1992.[citation needed]
History
[edit] | This section needs additional citations for verification. (November 2024) |
In the mid-1970s, attempts began in the GDR to make conventional thin-walled commercial glass stronger and more heat-resistant. The Glass Structure Research Department,[1] founded in 1973 by the Central Institute for Organic Chemistry, investigated chemical strengthening by ion exchange. The technology was invented by Steven Kistler ca. 1962,[3] further developed[4][5] and soon commercialized by Corning.[6] In an additional processing step, smaller sodium ions in the surface layer of the glass are replaced by larger potassium ions, which increases the tension in the glass surface, making it stronger.[7] This technique is also used to make Gorilla Glass.[6]
On 8 August 1977, a four-person team led by the scientist Dieter Patzig registered patent number 157966 Method and device for solidifying glass products by ion exchange for solidified drinking glass.[8] In November 1978, a Council of Ministers decision secured the financing of this “project of particular urgency”.[1] The glass brand resulting from the invention was called CEVERIT, composed of CE (chemical) + VER (solidified) + IT (usual ending for mineral substances).[citation needed] The aim was to have five times the lifespan of an ordinary drinking glass, but fifteen times lifespan was achieved. Other advantages included heat resistance, stackability, and lower weight.
The scientists had a small team of assistants who helped perfect the material. One of them, Elfriede Hilma Matzko, measured and reported cracks in the experimental glass.[citation needed] The scientists and their team of assistants from the GDR Academy of Sciences (AdW) received an honor and a cash reward for their innovation.[9]
Production began in spring 1980 at Sachsenglas Schwepnitz and was initially limited to beer glasses. At the suggestion of the West German sales representative Eberhard Pook, the name of the brand was changed to Superfest. The total daily energy consumption of the system, which was designed for a throughput of up to 48,000 250 ml jars per day, was between 250 and 350 kWh. By the end of production on 1 July 1990, 110 to 120 million super-strength drinking glasses in all sizes were manufactured. The main customer was the hospitality sector in the GDR. The intended sale in the Federal Republic did not take place.
With Coca Cola, for example, they said: Why should we use a glass that doesn't break? We make money with our glasses. […] The dealers said understandably: Who would saw off the branch he was sitting on?[1]
— Eberhard Pook
Shot glasses, vases, ice cream cups, and other shapes were later added to the range.
With the political change, the GDR glass industry and its scientific institutions began to be wound down. In July 1990, the Schwepnitz glassworks became SAXONIA-Glas GmbH Schwepnitz, which was liquidated by the Treuhand in 1991. In April 1992, the patent was abandoned by the inventors.[7]
Examples
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Superfest glasses in five sizes -
Superfest vase -
Superfest ice cream cup -
Superfest tea cup -
Superfest stamp with imprint
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See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d Krenz, David (2020-11-10). "Superfest-Glas: Zu gut für diese Welt". Die Zeit (in German). ISSN 0044-2070. Retrieved 2024-05-01.
- ^ a b Schlesinger, Ron (2020-11-08). ""Superfest"-Trinkgläser aus der DDR: Warum das Glas unkaputtbar ist". www.t-online.de (in German). Retrieved 2024-05-01.
- ^ Kistler, S. S. (February 1962). "Stresses in Glass Produced by Nonuniform Exchange of Monovalent Ions". Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 45 (2): 59–68. doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1962.tb11081.x. ISSN 0002-7820.
- ^ Nordberg, Martin E.; Mochel, Ellen L.; Garfinkel, Harmon M.; Olcott, Joseph S. (May 1964). "Strengthening by Ion Exchange". Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 47 (5): 215–219. doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1964.tb14399.x. ISSN 0002-7820.
- ^ Madsen, Lynnette D.; Svedberg, Erik B. (2016-01-14). Materials Research for Manufacturing: An Industrial Perspective of Turning Materials into New Products. Springer. p. 8. ISBN 978-3-319-23419-9.
- ^ a b Pogue, David (December 9, 2010). "Gorilla Glass, the Smartphone's Unsung Hero". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 15, 2013.
- ^ a b Mauerhoff, Dietrich (2011-12-01). "Superfeste Gläser – Geschichte einer vernichteten Technologie zur Herstellung von Trinkgläsern für Bier, Wein, Spirituosen und alkoholfreie Getränke" (PDF). Neueste Nachrichten des Glasmuseum Weißwasser. Vol. 23. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2024-05-25.
- ^ "Espacenet – search results". worldwide.espacenet.com. Retrieved 2024-05-01.
- ^ "Super strong glasses - history of a destroyed technology for the production of drinking glasses for beer, wine, spirits and non-alcoholic drinks" (PDF). Weißwasser Glass Museum.
External links
[edit]- Malling, Jens (2024-08-06). "Smashing idea: how East Germany invented 'unbreakable' drinking glasses". the Guardian. Retrieved 2024-08-18.