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Rachel Green (scientist)

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Rachel Green
BornOct 24, 1964
Alma mater
SpouseBrendan Cormack
Children3
Scientific career
Institutions
ThesisAn in vitro genetic analysis of the group I self-splicing intron (1992)

Rachel Green is an American biologist. She currently serves as a Bloomberg Distinguished Professor of molecular biology and genetics at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Her research focuses on ribosomes and their function in translation. Green has also been a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator since 2000.

Early life and education

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Rachel Green was born on October 24, 1964. Green grew up in Rocky River, Ohio, where her mother was a chemistry teacher.[1] Green intended to study engineering in college, but changed her major to chemistry, earning a B.S. from the University of Michigan in 1986. She then earned a PhD in biochemistry from Harvard University in 1992, in the lab of Jack Szostak, where she studied RNA.[2]

She did postdoctoral research at University of California Santa Cruz in the lab of Harry Noller, researching the function of the ribosome in E. coli.[1][3]

Career

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Green joined the faculty at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in 1998.[1] In 2007 she became a full professor at Johns Hopkins.[4]

Green has been a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator since 2000.[5]

She was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2012,[6] to the National Academy of Medicine[7] in 2017, and to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2019.[8]

Research

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The focus of Green's laboratory is defining the molecular mechanisms that affect that accuracy of translation in bacteria, yeast, and higher eukaryotic systems.[9] After joining Johns Hopkins as a tenure-track assistant professor in 1998, Green began investigations into factors that control the translocation step of translation, where the ribosome moves forward over the messenger RNA (mRNA), prior to adding the next amino acid to the growing protein.[10][11] Later, Green's research segued into studies on molecular factors and global mechanisms that affect translation accuracy.[12] In particular, Green and her colleagues found that certain nucleotides in transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules affect the ability of the ribosome to determine and select the correct tRNA in each step of translation.[13] Green's investigations into other aspects of translation quality control have included research into the mechanisms and effects of mRNA surveillance, in which mis-coded or nonfunctional mRNAs are subjected to degradation.[14][15][16]

Awards

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Publications

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Green has more than 16,000 citations in Google Scholar and an h-index of 69.[17]

Selected Publications

  • 2012 with S Djuranovic, A Nahvi, miRNA-mediated gene silencing by translational repression followed by mRNA deadenylation and decay, in: Science. Vol. 336, nº 6078; 237-240.
  • 2010 with T Schneider-Poetsch, J Ju, DE Eyler, Y Dang, S Bhat, WC Merrick, B Shen, JO Liu, Inhibition of eukaryotic translation elongation by cycloheximide and lactimidomycin, in: Nature Chemical Biology. Vol. 6, nº 3; 209-217.
  • 1997 with HF Noller, Ribosomes and translation, in: Annual Review of Biochemistry. Vol. 66, nº 1; 679-716.
  • 2011 with S Djuranovic, A Nahvi, A parsimonious model for gene regulation by miRNAs, in: Science. Vol. 331, nº 6017; 550-553.
  • 1989 with F Michel, M Hanna, DP Bartel, JW Szostak, The guanosine binding site of the Tetrahymena ribozyme, in: Nature. Vol. 342, nº 6248; 391-395.

Personal life

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Green's husband, Brendan Cormack, is also a geneticist at Johns Hopkins University. The couple has 3 children.[1]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d April 17, Katie Pearce / Published (17 April 2017). "Johns Hopkins biologist, geneticist Rachel Green named Bloomberg Distinguished Professor". The Hub. Retrieved 25 April 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ "Rachel Green, Ph.D." www.hopkinsmedicine.org. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  3. ^ "Rachel Green Inside Look". HHMI.org. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  4. ^ "Rachel Green". Department of Biology. Retrieved 2020-04-22.
  5. ^ "Rachel Green". HHMI.org. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  6. ^ "Rachel Green". www.nasonline.org. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  7. ^ "National Academy of Medicine Elects 80 New Members". National Academy of Medicine. 2017-10-16. Retrieved 2020-05-25.
  8. ^ "Three Johns Hopkins Scientists Elected to American Academy of Arts and Sciences". Johns Hopkins Medicine Newsroom. 18 April 2019. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  9. ^ Schuller, Anthony P.; Green, Rachel (2018). "Roadblocks and resolutions in eukaryotic translation". Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 19 (8): 526–541. doi:10.1038/s41580-018-0011-4. ISSN 1471-0080. PMC 6054806. PMID 29760421.
  10. ^ Green, Rachel (2000-05-15). "Ribosomal translocation: EF-G turns the crank". Current Biology. 10 (10): R369 – R373. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(00)00481-4. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 10837219.
  11. ^ Cukras, Anthony R.; Southworth, Daniel R.; Brunelle, Julie L.; Culver, Gloria M.; Green, Rachel (2003-08-01). "Ribosomal Proteins S12 and S13 Function as Control Elements for Translocation of the mRNA:tRNA Complex". Molecular Cell. 12 (2): 321–328. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(03)00275-2. ISSN 1097-2765. PMID 14536072.
  12. ^ Cochella, Luisa; Green, Rachel (July 2005). "Fidelity in protein synthesis". Current Biology. 15 (14): R536 – R540. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2005.07.018.
  13. ^ Cochella, L. (2005-05-20). "An Active Role for tRNA in Decoding Beyond Codon:Anticodon Pairing". Science. 308 (5725): 1178–1180. doi:10.1126/science.1111408. ISSN 0036-8075. PMC 1687177. PMID 15905403.
  14. ^ Djuranovic, S.; Nahvi, A.; Green, R. (2011-02-04). "A Parsimonious Model for Gene Regulation by miRNAs". Science. 331 (6017): 550–553. doi:10.1126/science.1191138. ISSN 0036-8075. PMC 3955125. PMID 21292970.
  15. ^ Shoemaker, Christopher J; Green, Rachel (June 2012). "Translation drives mRNA quality control". Nature Structural & Molecular Biology. 19 (6): 594–601. doi:10.1038/nsmb.2301. ISSN 1545-9993. PMC 4299859. PMID 22664987.
  16. ^ Simms, Carrie L.; Thomas, Erica N.; Zaher, Hani S. (2017). "Ribosome-based quality control of mRNA and nascent peptides". WIREs RNA. 8 (1): e1366. doi:10.1002/wrna.1366. ISSN 1757-7012. PMC 5116004. PMID 27193249.
  17. ^ "Rachel Green". scholar.google.com. Retrieved 2021-05-11.
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