Politics of resentment

The politics of resentment, sometimes called grievance politics, is a form of politics which is based on resentment of some other group of people.^[17]

Types

Male

Male grievance culture is a common feature in mass shooters, according to a study which examined their motivations in the intersection of white entitlement, middle-class instability, and heterosexual masculinity. The study's author, Leigh Paterson, wrote that such murderers may be highly motivated by "white male grievance culture".^[18]^[19]

Female

White

Columnist Michael Gerson argues that in American politics, the Republican Party has been "swiftly repositioned as an instrument of white grievance."^[20]^{[non-primary source needed]}

Reaction to demographic change

Demographic change in the United States propelled by immigration has led to an increasing proportion of people with diverse backgrounds, and a decreasing proportion of whites. By 1998, places like Hawaii, Houston, and New York City had no majority race. This trend increased in the 21st century, with several more cities where whites were once the majority, but no longer are. Highly visible advances of certain minorities, such as the first Black president and the first Hispanic Supreme Court justice, also took place in this period.

In some states, state legislators moved to restrict immigration by law. In the field of education, some white elected officials have moved to restrict diversity programs, or the availability of courses in ethnic studies or the impact of race in America, while others have worked at tightening election regulations in order to make it more difficult for members of ethnic minorities to vote, leading to opposing protests, sometimes clashing, between mostly white groups favoring restrictions on immigration and minorities, and by minority groups seeking to hold on to their rights.^[21]

This came to a head during Donald Trump's 2016 presidential election campaign.^[21]^: 2

Black

Nationalist

Sociologist Bart Bonikowski argues that ethno-nationalist populism is often based on stirring up resentment against "elites, immigrants, and ethnic, racial and religious minorities".^[22]

Religious

Sexuality and gender

Grievance culture

Jason Manning and Bradley Campbell draw on the work of sociologist Donald Black on conflict and on cross-cultural studies of conflict and morality to argue that the contemporary culture wars resemble tactics described by scholars in which an aggrieved party or group seeks the support of third parties. They argue that grievance-based conflicts have led to large-scale moral change in which an emergent victimhood culture is clashing with and replacing older honor and dignity cultures.^[23] Political commentator E. J. Dionne has written that culture war is an electoral technique to exploit differences and grievances, remarking that the real cultural division is "between those who want to have a culture war and those who don't."^[24]

Alternatively, authors such as Helen Pluckrose, Peter Bhoggoshian and James Lindsay have argued that the politics of resentment largely originate from the political left, with the contemporary conservative response being a reaction to it.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ Betz, Hans-Georg (1990). "Politics of Resentment: Right-Wing Radicalism in West Germany". Comparative Politics. 23 (1): 45–60. doi:10.2307/422304. ISSN 0010-4159. JSTOR 422304.
^ Betz, Hans-Georg (1993). "The New Politics of Resentment: Radical Right-Wing Populist Parties in Western Europe". Comparative Politics. 25 (4): 413–427. doi:10.2307/422034. ISSN 0010-4159. JSTOR 422034.
^ Cohen, Jean L. (2019). "Populism and the Politics of Resentment". Jus Cogens. 1 (1): 5–39. doi:10.1007/s42439-019-00009-7.
^ Cramer, Katherine J. (2016). The Politics of Resentment: Rural Consciousness in Wisconsin and the Rise of Scott Walker. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-34925-1.
^ Dudas, Jeffrey R. (2005). "In the Name of Equal Rights: "Special" Rights and the Politics of Resentment in Post-Civil Rights America". Law & Society Review. 39 (4): 723–758. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5893.2005.00243.x.
^ Engels, Jeremy (2010). "The Politics of Resentment and the Tyranny of the Minority: Rethinking Victimage for Resentful Times". Rhetoric Society Quarterly. 40 (4): 303–325. doi:10.1080/02773941003785652. S2CID 144812968.
^ Engels, Jeremy (2015). The Politics of Resentment: A Genealogy. Penn State Press. ISBN 978-0-271-07198-5.
^ Fukuyama, Francis (2018). Identity: The Demand for Dignity and the Politics of Resentment. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN 978-0-374-71748-3.
^ Göle, Nilüfer (2011). "The public visibility of Islam and European politics of resentment: The minarets-mosques debate" (PDF). Philosophy & Social Criticism. 37 (4): 383–392. doi:10.1177/0191453711398773. S2CID 144860070.
^ Hoggett, Paul; Wilkinson, Hen; Beedell, Pheobe (2013). "Fairness and the Politics of Resentment". Journal of Social Policy. 42 (3): 567–585. doi:10.1017/S0047279413000056. S2CID 144345770.
^ Ivarsflaten, Elisabeth (2008). "What Unites Right-Wing Populists in Western Europe?: Re-Examining Grievance Mobilization Models in Seven Successful Cases". Comparative Political Studies. 41 (1): 3–23. doi:10.1177/0010414006294168. S2CID 154283877.
^ Jacobs, David; Tope, Daniel (2007). "The Politics of Resentment in the Post–Civil Rights Era: Minority Threat, Homicide, and Ideological Voting in Congress". American Journal of Sociology. 112 (5): 1458–1494. doi:10.1086/511804. S2CID 145514488.
^ Koncewicz, Tomasz Tadeusz (28 September 2017). "Understanding the Politics of Resentment". Verfassungsblog. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
^ McCarthy, Cameron; Dimitriadis, Greg (2000). "Governmentality and the Sociology of Education: Media, educational policy and the politics of resentment". British Journal of Sociology of Education. 21 (2): 169–185. doi:10.1080/713655350. S2CID 144853903.
^ Nord, Philip G. (2005). The Politics Of Resentment: Shopkeeper Protest In Nineteenth-century Paris. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4128-3843-6.
^ Wells, Karen; Watson, Sophie (2005). "A politics of resentment: Shopkeepers in a London neighbourhood". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 28 (2): 261–277. doi:10.1080/01419870420000315843. S2CID 144285129.
^ Multiple sources:^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14]^[15]^[16]
^ Paterson, Leigh (9 August 2019). "Many Mass Shooters Share A Common Bond: Male Grievance Culture". Guns & America Project. Washington, D.C.: WAMU | American University Radio. Archived from the original on 2020-02-20. Retrieved 2021-02-17.
^ Madfis, Eric (2014). "Triple Entitlement and Homicidal Anger: An Exploration of the Intersectional Identities of American Mass Murderers". Men and Masculinities. 17 (1): 67–86. doi:10.1177/1097184X14523432. ISSN 1524-9220. OCLC 5574553164. S2CID 145599622.
^ Gerson, Michael (1 March 2021). "Opinion | The GOP is now just the party of white grievance". The Washington Post. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
^ ^a ^b Jardina, Ashley (28 February 2019). White Identity Politics. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–2. ISBN 978-1-108-59013-6.
^ Bonikowski, Bart (2017). "Ethno-nationalist populism and the mobilization of collective resentment". The British Journal of Sociology. 68 (Suppl 1): S181–S213. doi:10.1111/1468-4446.12325. ISSN 1468-4446. PMID 29114869.
^ Campbell, Bradley; Manning, Jason (2014). "Microaggression and Moral Cultures". Comparative Sociology. 13 (6): 692–726. doi:10.1163/15691330-12341332.
^ Dionne, E. J. (January 2006). "Why the Culture War Is the Wrong War". The Atlantic.