Pengiran Mohammed Abdul Rahman Piut
Pengiran Mohammed ڤڠيرن محمد | |
|---|---|
 Pengiran Mohammad in 1971 | |
| Born | 1906 Brunei Town, Brunei |
| Died | 25 May 1976 (aged 71) Brunei General Hospital, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei |
| Burial place | Kubah Makam Di Raja, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei |
| Education | Malay College Kuala Kangsar |
| Occupations |
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| Spouses |
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| Children | 8; including Pengiran Idris |
| Father | Pengiran Abdul Rahman Piut |
| Relatives | Abdullah Hanafi (father-in-law) Pengiran Umar (nephew) Pengiran Ibnu Basit (nephew) A. M. Azahari (nephew) |
Pengiran Mohammad bin Pengiran Abdul Rahman Piut (1906 – 25 May 1971), commonly referred to by his title Pengiran Temenggong and nicknamed National Hero, was a Bruneian nobleman, teacher and politician who formerly held several high-ranking positions which included being a member of the State Council,[1] Privy Council,[2] and the Islamic Religious Council. Notably, he is one of the founding members of the Royal Brunei Yacht Club and the Chairman of the Brunei Boxing Association.[3]
Early life and education
[edit]He was born in 1906, to parents of nobility Pengiran Abdul Rahman Piut and Pengiran Rahima. For his education, he went to Malay College Kuala Kangsar, Perak. He was one of the two teachers sent to Melaka Teachers' College (Maktab Perguruan Melaka) in Malacca, Malaysia.[4]
Career
[edit]He started his career as an assistant, running messages and holding items for the European wireless officer.[5] Determined to learn English to better understand what the Europeans were saying, he dedicated intense efforts to learning and mastering the language. He eventually succeeded to the post of Wireless Officer.[6] In 1924, he accompanied Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin on a tour of Malaya in his capacity as aide-de-camp (ADC) to the sultan.[7] In April 1929, L. R. Watts, the Wireless Engineer, was summoned back to Singapore, and for the rest of the year, Pengiran Mohammad, the Chief Operator or State Wireless Officer,[8] served as the officer in charge of the department.[9] Before the Second World War, he was also promoted to the post of Malay Secretary.[6]
When the Japanese invaded and occupied Brunei during World War II, they drove out all foreigners, leaving just the native labour, including Pengiran Mohammad, who had been working in telecommunications for the British.[10][8] Before Australian soldiers arrived in Borneo in the middle of 1945, the area was heavily bombed by Allied Forces and held by the Japanese military. He had been punished by the Japanese military occupation, and his family had endured hardship.[10]
He later sent a letter from prison, with it discussing both political and personal aspects of the Japanese occupation period. He says that there were two distinct groups of Japanese people: the military and the government. The brutality came from the soldiers. The government employees were identical to everyone else. Children were treated well by them. He also succinctly refutes the Japanese notion that their conquest of Asia during World War I, which included Brunei, freed the people there from European colonialism:[10]
Well as hindsight, the Japanese came here; this is what they're saying later. That they're going to liberate us in Brunei, or all this part of the world in Southeast Asia. To liberate these countries from being a colony of the British. But once they get rid of the British, why stay here for four years? That is one big question mark. If they really said that they want to liberate us, why stay for four years and why keep soldiers here for that period and frightening the inhabitants of the country. That's one big question mark to me.
In 1946, he was subject of a profile written by T.S Monks recounting the hardship he personally faced during World War II, published on the Sydney Morning Herald.[6] Based on this, T.S Monks recounts that he was known to have a progressive outlook and the best English speaker in the state. The article states that in May 1945, he was hiding in a hut in the jungle along with a Chinese Singaporean man called Chiam where both had contracted malaria.
It is May, 1945, and in a hut made of palm leaves set in the jungle in the hills, a frail and tattered figure groans and moves painfully from his bed as a Chinese limps slowly towards the hut.
"Did you get the medicine, Chiam?" he asks.
Chiam answers wearily: "No, the Japs say that unless you come your- self you can't have any."
P.M. says nothing. Nothing seems any use any more. The ingenious tortures of the Kempe Tei have taken heavy toll, and this last bout of malaria seems the end, But then, Chiam, too - Dr. Chiam, the smart young dentist from Singapore - is almost finished. Chiam is but a shadow of his former self, and he cannot walk to the hospital much longer. Soon they would both die. The hope that the Allies would ever return is fading. Chiam, too, staunchly pro-British, is losing heart. He has even descended to eating a dog to keep himself alive, but his eyes are sunken and he looks an old man.
Peering out over the jungle-covered hills he knows so well, P.M. reflects that it is sad to end his days thus. There was so much to do, countries he might have one day seen, perhaps even have gone to London; a hope he had cherished almost throughout his life.
But P.M.'s light kept burning, and happier times were coming, for the Allies Were back three weeks later.
— T.S Monks, P.M. was a Trier, The Sydney Morning Herald, 7 Dec 1946
After the liberation of Brunei, he was among three representatives of Brunei attending of London Victory Celebrations of 1946. Awarded the title of "National Hero" for his perseverance and expertise in radio technology in order to communicate with the British Forces.
He later continued his work as a wireless engineer, and appointed as a member of the State Council in 1949.[1] As of 1957, he became the Controller of Telecommunications,[11] and would go on to retire at that post in 1966.[3]
During the 1960s and 1970s, he was an active member of the nobility and was selected to represent Brunei Darussalam at several important events. Alongside this, he was also a member of the Privy Council throughout the this period.[12] During this time, another profile was written about him by T.S. Monks, recounting his early life.[5]
During this period, he was often a member of a delegation to hold exploratory talks in regards to joining Malaysia.[13] He was a part of a six-person delegation to Malaysia to discuss the terms for Brunei Darussalam's entry into the Malaysian Federation.[14] He was a member of the entourage of Al-Marhum Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III to Calgary in 1964.[15]
He also often acted as a representative of His Majesty the Sultan of Brunei in important events. On 26 October 1963, he arrived in Kuala Kangsar, Perak as a representative of His Majesty the Sultan of Brunei at the Sultan of Perak's coronation.[16] In 1964, he presented medals to individuals on behalf of the Sultan of Brunei to recognise their service to the Government of Brunei.[17] In 1965, he once again represented the Sultan of Brunei in bestowing state honours to 5 Malaysians for their service.[18]
According to the Brunei Annual Report 1971, he succeeded Prince Mohamed Bolkiah to the title of Duli Pengiran Temenggong.[19]
In 1976, he oversaw the passing out parade of the 37th Recruit Intake of the Royal Brunei Malay Regiment at Bolkiah Camp.[20] he also presented Lieutenant stars to Lt Mohammad Yusof who was promoted from Second Lieutenant. He also presented cadet officer insignias to eight recruits.
Death
[edit]On 25 May 1976, Pengiran Mohammad died at the age of 71, and was given a full honorary state funeral. It was attended by several officials which included the British High Commissioner, Wazirs, Cheterias, Manteri-Manteri, and Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah himself. He was buried at Kubah Makam Di Raja.[21][3]
Personal life
[edit]Raden Mas Dino (Siti Maznah), the daughter of Pehin Orang Kaya Udana Laila Dato Setia Inche Awang Abdullah @ Raden Mas Abdullah, married Pengiran Mohammad and had five children: Pengiran Haji Yunus, Pengiran Haji Mohd. Yaakub, Pengiran Haji Yunsi, Pengiran Dato Paduka Haji Idris,[a] and Pengiran Haji Raden Hanafi. After Raden Mas Dino's passing, he married her younger sister, Datin Paduka (Raden Mas) Siti Raudzahtun Nadzrah, with whom he had three children: Pengiran Hajah Rohana, Pengiran Che' Din, and Pengiran Ibrahim.[23] He had also married Pengiran Mariam binti Pengiran Menuddin with whom he had two children: Dk. Mas Miri and Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Anak Haji Mohammad Ali. According to Pelita Brunei, he had seven children at the time of his death; seven sons and one daughter.[3]
His brother, Pengiran Ratna Wijaya Pengiran Haji Metusin, was also a member of the Bruneian nobility with the rank of Cheteria. He has a sister named, Pengiran Siti Hawa, who would go on to give birth to Pengiran Umar and Pengiran Ibnu.[24] Meanwhile, A. M. Azahari is his nephew.[25]
He enjoyed playing all fields of sports, but mostly football.[3]
His house was next to that of the British Resident in Brunei Town, in the 1950s,[26] and later in Kampong Manggis.
Titles, styles and honours
[edit]
Titles and styles
[edit]Upon taking up as one of the Wazirs of Brunei, he was bestowed the title of Yang Teramat Mulia Seri Paduka Pengiran Temenggong Sahibul Bahar at Lapau, on 20 October 1971.[19][27] He had previously held the Cheteria title of Pengiran Kerma Indera.[28][3]
- 1950–1969: Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Kerma Indera[3]
- 1969 – 20 October 1971: Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Shahbandar Sahibul Bandar[29]
- 20 October 1971 – 25 May 1976: Yang Teramat Mulia Seri Paduka Duli Pengiran Temenggong Sahibul Bahar[3]
Honours
[edit]National
Pengiran Mohammad has earned the following honours;[30]
Family Order of Laila Utama (DK) – Dato Laila Utama
Order of Seri Paduka Mahkota Brunei First Class (SPMB) – Dato Seri Paduka
Order of Setia Negara Brunei Second Class (DSNB) – Dato Setia
Order of Perwira Agong Negara Brunei First Class (PANB; 2 October 1963)[31]
Order of Pahlawan Negara Brunei Third Class (PNB)
Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah Medal (PHBS)
Omar Ali Saifuddin Medal First Class (POAS; 23 September 1958)[32]
Meritorious Service Medal (PJK)
Omar Ali Saifuddin Coronation Medal (31 May 1951)[33]
Campaign Medal (22 April 1965)[34]
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Foreign
United Kingdom:
Member of the Order of the British Empire (OBE)
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Notes
[edit]- ^ He would become the first ambassador of Brunei to the United States.[22][10]
References
[edit]- ^ a b Great Britain Colonial Office (1949). The Colonial Office List. H.M. Stationery Office. p. 102.
- ^ A Year Book of the Commonwealth. H.M. Stationery Office. 1971. p. 419.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Kemangakatan YTM Pengiran Temenggong Memeranjatkan Seluroh Negeri" (PDF). Pelita Brunei. 2 June 1976. pp. 1–2, 12. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
- ^ Awang.), Mohd Jamil Al-Sufri (Pehin Orang Kaya Amar Diraja Dato Seri Utama Haji (2008). Satu pemikiran mengenai pendidikan untuk Brunei Darussalam berasaskan Islam: melalui pengalaman dan sejarah (in Malay). Pusat Sejarah Brunei, Kementerian Kebudayaan, Belia dan Sukan, Negara Brunei Darussalam. p. 98. ISBN 978-99917-34-67-5.
- ^ a b Monks, T.S. (24 August 1963). "The Traveller From Brunei". Newspapers.com - The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
- ^ a b c "P.M was a Trier". Trove. 7 December 1946.
- ^ "Sultan of Brunei's Tour".
- ^ a b Bachamiya Abdul Hussainmiya. "Resuscitating Nationalism: Brunei under the Japanese Military Administration (1941-1945)": 279.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Office, Great Britain Colonial (1929). Colonial Reports – Annual. H.M. Stationery Office. p. 16.
- ^ a b c d Marles, Janet E; Jukim, Maslin Bin Haji; Dhont, Frank (20 December 2016). "Tropical War Stories: Preserving Oral Histories from World War II Borneo". ETropic: Electronic Journal of Studies in the Tropics. 15 (2). doi:10.25120/etropic.15.2.2016.3544. ISSN 1448-2940.
- ^ Great Britain Colonial Office (1957). The Colonial Office list. H.M. Stationery Office. p. 78.
- ^ Office, Great Britain Colonial (1962). Brunei. H.M. Stationery Office. p. 204.
- ^ "NewspaperSG". eresources.nlb.gov.sg. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
- ^ The Straits Times (5 February 1963). "Perwakilan Brunai utk membinchang sharat2 palilng baik masok Malaysia". E-Resources Singapore.
- ^ "Polygamy Practised in Brunei But Sultan Prefers One Wife". Newspapers.com - Calgary Herald. 20 May 1964. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
- ^ The Straits Times (26 October 1963). "Brunei's man". E-Resources Singapore. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
- ^ "Sa-puloh orang Malaysia hari ini telah diberi kurniaan oleh Sultan Brunai kerana perkhidmatan2 mereka kapada Kerajaan Brunai dalam satu isti'adat di-Istana Brunai di-sini. Mereka ia-lah: Dato Abdul Wahab bin Mohamed Ariff. Pegawai Perubatan Negeri Brunai, Awang Haji Ibrahim bin Haji Othman penjaga Asrama Brunai di-Singapura. Awang Tan Chew Hoon, sa-orang pelayan Dato Abdul Aziz bin Haji Zain, Peguam Agong di-Brunai, Haji Mohamed bin Mohamed Shah. juruteknik Talikom. Inche Sa ad bin Marzuki. setiausaha Ranchangan Kemajuan Lima tahun di-Brunai, Inche Wan Saiiaiddin bin Wan Istnail, Peiurohjaya Tanah, Inche Ja'afar bin Hassan, Pegawai Hutan Negeri, Inche Ibrahim bin Hamzah. Superintendent Poiis dan Puan Au Ah Chee, pesuroh Istana Pengarah Talikom di-Brunai, Pengiran Kerma Indera Haji Mohamed bin Pengiran Piut telah menyampaikan kurniaan ltu bagi pehak Sultan. Oambar menunjokkan Dr. Abdul Wahab sedang menerima kurniaan-nya". NewspaperSG. 15 September 1964. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
- ^ "Brunei honours for five Malaysians". NewspaperSG. 23 June 1965. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
- ^ a b Marie-Sybille de Vienne (9 March 2015). Brunei: From the Age of Commerce to the 21st Century. NUS Press. p. 252. ISBN 978-9971-69-818-8.
- ^ "First Flotilla Flexes Its Muscles" (PDF). Pelita Brunei. 11 February 1976.
- ^ Brunei (1976). Annual Report – State of Brunei (in Malay). pp. 71, 284.
- ^ "Brunei Embassy Washington, dc". www.bruneiembassy.org. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
- ^ Dayang Hajah Joriah 2023, p. 133–134.
- ^ "Berkenan berangkat ziarah jenazah". Media Permata. 13 May 2023. p. 1. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
- ^ Melayong, Muhammad Hadi bin Muhammad (2010). The Catalyst Towards Victory. Brunei History Centre, Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports. p. 51. ISBN 978-99917-34-71-2.
- ^ al-Sufri, Haji Awang Mohd Jamil (1998). Brunei Darussalam, the Road to Independence. Brunei History Centre, Ministry of Culture, Youth, and Sports. p. 45.
- ^ "Istiadat2 Menganugerahkan Gelaran Y.T.M. Duli Pg. Digadong Dan Y.T.M. Duli Pg. Temanggong". Pelita Brunei. 27 October 1971. pp. 4–5.
- ^ Shimizu, Akitoshi; Bremen, Jan van; Hakubutsukan, Kokuritsu Minzokugaku (2003). Wartime Japanese Anthropology in Asia and the Pacific. National Museum of Ethnology. p. 279. ISBN 978-4-901906-21-0.
- ^ "Istiadat-Istiadat Menjelang Perkahwinan Diraja" (PDF). Pelita Brunei. 5 November 1969. Retrieved 23 December 2023.
- ^ Brunei (1976). Annual Report. H.M. Stationery Office. p. 477.
- ^ "DYMM Mengurniakan Bintang2 Kehormatan Dan Pingat2 Pada Hari Jadi Baginda" (PDF). Pelita Brunei. 2 October 1963. p. 2.
- ^ "Raja-Raja Dan Pembesar2 Tanah Melayu Mendapat Pingat Kehormatan" (PDF). Pelita Brunei. 1 October 1958. p. 4. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
- ^ Brunei Government Gazette (PDF). Brunei History Centre. 1 February 1951. p. 14.
- ^ "Beratus2 Orang Pegawai2 Kerajaan Mendapat Kurniaan Pingat Perjuangan" (PDF). www.pelitabrunei.gov.bn (in Malay). 5 May 1965. p. 1. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
- Dayang Hajah Joriah binti Haji Metali (2023). "Pehin Orang Kaya Udana Laila Dato Setia Awang Abdullah Bin Raden Mas Haji Hanafi". Puak Tutong: Sejarah dan Perkembangan Awal Sosiobudaya (in Malay) (3rd ed.). Bandar Seri Begawan: Brunei History Centre: 127–139. ISBN 978-99917-63-95-8.
