Myriopteris intertexta
| Myriopteris intertexta | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Division: | Polypodiophyta |
| Class: | Polypodiopsida |
| Order: | Polypodiales |
| Family: | Pteridaceae |
| Subfamily: | Cheilanthoideae |
| Genus: | Myriopteris |
| Species: | M. intertexta
|
| Binomial name | |
| Myriopteris intertexta | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Myriopteris intertexta, formerly Cheilanthes intertexta,[2][3] is a species of lip fern known by the common name coastal lip fern. It is native to montane California and western Nevada, Oregon east of the Cascades, and with a disjunct population in central Utah. It grows in dry rocky habitats in sun, typically in rock cracks with little or no soil.
Description
[edit]This fern produces clusters of dark green leaves up to about 25 centimeters long. Each leaf is divided into bumpy segments which are subdivided into pairs of rounded beadlike ultimate segments with their edges curled under to make them concave underneath. Each ultimate segment is less than 3 millimeters wide, sparsely hairy on top and scaly on the underside. Its sori are mostly hidden under the scales and curled leaflet margin (false indusium). The long-lanceolate scales on the underside of the leaflets are approximately 1 mm wide at their base, intermediate between those of its two parents (M. gracillima scales are very narrow (hair like) and those of M. covillei are 2–3 mm wide). The leaves arise from a short creeping rhizome, such that plants often have an elongated base, for example creeping along a rock crevice.[3]
Range
[edit]M. intertexta is found in Oregon, California, and eastern Nevada. In addition, there is an apparently disjunct population in north-central Utah on Mount Olympus in the Wasatch Range. The range of M. intertexta is intermediate between that of its two parents M. gracillima (with a range that extends further north) and M. covillei (with a range that extends further south and east into southern California, Arizona, and the Baja California peninsula and central Mexico).[3][4][5]
Taxonomy
[edit]Myriopteris intertexta was first described by William Ralph Maxon in 1918, as Cheilanthes covillei subsp. intertexta, based on material collected on Black Mountain by William Russel Dudley. [6] In 1923, Maxon elevated it to the level of a full species as Cheilanthes intertexta in his treatment of ferns for LeRoy Abrams' Illustrated Flora of the Pacific States.[7]
The development of molecular phylogenetic methods showed that the traditional circumscription of Cheilanthes, including that used by Maxon, is polyphyletic. Convergent evolution in arid environments is thought to be responsible for widespread homoplasy in the morphological characters traditionally used to classify it and the segregate genera that have sometimes been recognized. On the basis of molecular evidence, Amanda Grusz and Michael D. Windham revived the genus Myriopteris in 2013 for a group of species formerly placed in Cheilanthes. One of these was C. intertexta, which thus became Myriopteris intertexta.[2]
In 2018, Maarten J. M. Christenhusz transferred the species to Hemionitis as H. intertexta, as part of a program to consolidate the cheilanthoid ferns into that genus.[8]
This fern is thought to be an allotetraploid fertile hybrid of Myriopteris gracillima (maternal) and Myriopteris covillei (paternal).[3][9][10][2][11]
References
[edit]- ^ NatureServe (November 1, 2024). "Cheilanthes intertexta". NatureServe Explorer. Arlington, Virginia. Retrieved November 17, 2024.
- ^ a b c Grusz & Windham 2013.
- ^ a b c d Jepson: Myriopteris intertexta
- ^ Jepson: Myriopteris gracillima
- ^ Jepson: Myriopteris covillei
- ^ Maxon 1918, pp. 149–150.
- ^ Abrams 1923, p. 28.
- ^ Christenhusz, Fay & Byng 2018, p. 16.
- ^ Windham & Rabe 1993.
- ^ Grusz, A. L., M. D. Windham, and K. M. Pryer. 2009. Deciphering the origins of apomictic polyploids in the Cheilanthes yavapensis complex (Pteridaceae). American Journal of Botany 96: 1636–1645
- ^ Grusz et al. 2014.
Works cited
[edit]- Abrams, LeRoy (1923). An Illustrated Flora of the Pacific States. Vol. I. California: Stanford University Press.
- Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.; Fay, Michael F.; Byng, James W. (2018). Plant Gateway's the Global Flora: A practical flora to vascular plant species of the world. Vol. 4. ISBN 978-0-9929993-9-1.
- Grusz, Amanda L.; Windham, Michael D. (2013). "Toward a monophyletic Cheilanthes: The resurrection and recircumscription of Myriopteris (Pteridaceae)". PhytoKeys (32): 49–64. doi:10.3897/phytokeys.32.6733. PMC 3881352. PMID 24399906.
- Grusz, Amanda L.; Windham, Michael D.; Yatskievych, George; Huiet, Lane; Gastony, Gerald J.; Pryer, Kathleen M. (2014). "Patterns of Diversification in the Xeric-adapted Fern Genus Myriopteris (Pteridaceae)" (PDF). Systematic Botany. 39 (3): 698–714. doi:10.1600/036364414X681518. JSTOR 24546228.
- Kirkpatrick, Ruth E.B.; Smith, Alan R.; Lemieux, Thomas; Alverson, Edward, eds. (2014). "Myriopteris intertexta". Jepson eFlora, Revision 2. Jepson Flora Project. Retrieved November 12, 2022.
- Maxon, William R. (1918). "The lip-ferns of the southwestern United States related to Cheilanthes myriophylla". Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 31: 139–151.
- Windham, Michael D.; Rabe, Eric W. (1993). "Cheilanthes intertexta". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico. Vol. 2: Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved October 3, 2022.
External links
[edit]- Calflora Database: Myriopteris intertexta (Coastal lip fern) — formerly Cheilanthes intertexta.
- Jepson Manual eFlora (TJM2) treatment of Myriopteris intertexta — formerly Cheilanthes intertexta.
- USDA Plants Profile for Cheilanthes intertexta (coastal lip fern)
- UC Photos gallery — Cheilanthes intertexta