Mono-ideology
Mono-ideologies (Russian: моноидеологии, romanized: monoideologii, singular: {{lang|ru |моноидеология}) are a type of ideology in Russian political and philosophical discourse.[1][2][3]
Mono-ideologies have been described as fundamentally being linked to totalitarianism[4] and to Millenarianism. A totalitarian political system requires an equally total mono-ideology. It can be built on various grounds: nationalist, class, but in any case, it performs two main functions - legitimizing the power of the party or state, and mobilizing the masses. [2] The concept sees political (party) monism as paralleling ideological monism.[5]
Alexander Yakovlev (1923-2005) criticized mono-ideologies in 1993.[3] He was called the "godfather of glasnost"[6] for his role as the intellectual force behind Mikhail Gorbachev's reform program of glasnost and perestroika in the 1980s.[6]
Slavic Native Faith and mono-ideologies
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Rodnovery is critical towards mono-ideologies. [7] By "mono-ideologies", they mean all those ideologies which promote "universal and one-dimensional truths", unable to grasp the complexity of reality and therefore doomed to failure one after the other.[8] These mono-ideologies include Christianity and the Abrahamic monotheisms in general, and all the systems of thought and practice that these religions spawned throughout history, including both Marxism and capitalism, the general Western rationalistic mode of thinking begotten by the Age of Enlightenment,[7] and ultimately the technocratic civilisation based on the idea of possession, exploitation and consumption of the environment.[9] They are regarded as having led the world and humanity to a dead-end,[10] and as destined to disappear and to be supplanted by the values represented by Rodnovery itself.[7] To the "unipolar" world created by the mono-ideologies, and led by the American-influenced West, the Rodnovers oppose their political philosophy of "nativism" and "multipolarism".[11]
Old Testament theology and Christianity are regarded by Rodnovers as the primary cause of the degradation of the world and of humanity,[9] as the root of all the "mono-ideologies" promoting "universal and one-dimensional truths" and smothering the multiplicity of reality.[12] These "mono-ideologies" comprehend all their secular ideological products, including both Marxism and capitalism, the general Western rationalism begotten by the Age of Enlightenment,[12] and ultimately the technocratic civilisation based on the idea of possession, exploitation and consumption of the environment.[9] For its claim to have a monopoly on truth, Rodnovers often equate Christianity with Soviet Marxism.[13] The Russian volkhv Dobroslav (Aleksey Dobrovolsky) declared that:[14]
Nature-swallowing capitalism is an ugly child of the Judeo-Christian civilisation [...] the only way out is to go back [...] from the cult of profit to the cult of life.
All these ideologies, based on the principle of the verb "to have", are thought by Rodnovers to be the iteration of the existential model introduced by Abrahamic theology and Christian theology in particular, which "paradoxically combines the broadest freedom of human personality with the ontological primacy of the absolute" God and his deterministic will.[15]
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]References
[edit]Citations
[edit]- ^ Гаджиев, Камалудин Серажудинович. "Моноидеология". Studme. Retrieved 2022-06-21.
- ^ a b "Тоталитарная партия". Ozlib. Retrieved 2022-06-21.
- ^ a b ""Государственная идеология нам не нужна"" [We do not need a state ideology]. www.alexanderyakovlev.org. Retrieved 2022-06-21.
- ^ Гаджиев, Камалудин Серажудинович. "Моноидеология". Studme. Retrieved 2022-06-21.
В обоих главных типах тоталитаризма все без исключения ресурсы, будь то материальные, человеческие или интеллектуальные, направлены на достижение одной универсальной цели: тысячелетнего рейха в одном случае и коммунистического царства всеобщего счастья — в другом.
- ^ Гаджиев, Камалудин Серажудинович. "Моноидеология". Studme. Retrieved 2024-12-06.
[...] партийному монизму соответствует монизм идеологический, который пронизывает всю иерархию властных отношений сверху донизу — от главы государства и партии вплоть до самых низших звеньев власти и ячеек общества.
- ^ a b "Alexander Yakovlev, 81". The Globe and Mail. Toronto. Archived from the original on 2005-10-20. Retrieved 24 May 2013.
- ^ a b c Aitamurto 2016, p. 123.
- ^ Aitamurto 2016, p. 122.
- ^ a b c Chudinov 2015, p. 39.
- ^ Chudinov 2015, pp. 39, 42.
- ^ Aitamurto 2016, p. 114.
- ^ a b Aitamurto 2016, pp. 122–123.
- ^ Aitamurto 2006, p. 201.
- ^ Shnirelman 2007, p. 43, note 7.
- ^ Chudinov 2015, p. 40.
Sources
[edit]- Aitamurto, Kaarina (2006). "Russian Paganism and the Issue of Nationalism: A Case Study of the Circle of Pagan Tradition". The Pomegranate: The International Journal of Pagan Studies. 8 (2): 184–210. doi:10.1558/pome.8.2.184.
- ——— (2016). Paganism, Traditionalism, Nationalism: Narratives of Russian Rodnoverie. London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 9781472460271.
- Chudinov, Sergey Ivanovich (2015). "Экоэтика как основа цивилизационного проекта неоязычества в России" [Ecoethics as the basis of the civilisation project of Neopaganism in Russia]. Colloquium Heptaplomeres (in Russian). II. Nizhny Novgorod: Minin University: 39–43. ISSN 2312-1696.
- Gaidukov, Alexey (2013). "The Russian-Language Internet and Rodnoverie". In Kaarina Aitamurto; Scott Simpson (eds.). Modern Pagan and Native Faith Movements in Central and Eastern Europe. Durham: Acumen. pp. 315–332. ISBN 9781844656622.
- Ivakhiv, Adrian (2005). "The Revival of Ukrainian Native Faith". In Michael F. Strmiska (ed.). Modern Paganism in World Cultures: Comparative Perspectives. Santa Barbara: ABC-Clio. pp. 209–239. ISBN 9781851096084.
- Konopleva, Anna Alekseevna; Kakhuta, Igor Olegovich (2019). "Причины популярности неоязычества в современном российском обществе" [Causes for the popularity of Neopaganism in modern Russian society] (PDF). Gramota (in Russian). 12 (10): 223–226. doi:10.30853/manuscript.2019.10.44. ISSN 2618-9690. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 November 2020.
- Kurepin, Sergey Viktorovich (2018). "Диалог православного христианства и неоязычества в контексте русской культуры" [Dialogue between Orthodox Christianity and Neopaganism in the context of Russian culture]. Colloquium Heptaplomeres (in Russian). V. Nizhny Novgorod: Minin University: 54–58. ISSN 2312-1696.
- Laruelle, Marlène (2008). "Alternative Identity, Alternative Religion? Neo-Paganism and the Aryan Myth in Contemporary Russia". Nations and Nationalism. 14 (2): 283–301. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8129.2008.00329.x.
- ——— (2012). "The Rodnoverie Movement: The Search for Pre-Christian Ancestry and the Occult". In Brigit Menzel; Michael Hagemeister; Bernice Glatzer Rosenthal (eds.). The New Age of Russia: Occult and Esoteric Dimensions. Kubon & Sagner. pp. 293–310. ISBN 9783866881976.
- Lesiv, Mariya (2013a). The Return of Ancestral Gods: Modern Ukrainian Paganism as an Alternative Vision for a Nation. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press. ISBN 9780773542624.
- ——— (2013b). "Ukrainian Paganism and Syncretism: 'This Is Indeed Ours!'". In Kaarina Aitamurto; Scott Simpson (eds.). Modern Pagan and Native Faith Movements in Central and Eastern Europe. Durham: Acumen. pp. 128–145. ISBN 9781844656622.
- Ozhiganova, Anna (2015). "Конструирование традиции в неоязыческой общине 'ПравоВеди'" [Construction of tradition in the Neopagan community 'PravoVedi']. Colloquium Heptaplomeres (in Russian). II. Nizhny Novgorod: Minin University: 30–38. ISSN 2312-1696.
- Pilkington, Hilary; Popov, Anton (2009). "Understanding Neo-paganism in Russia: Religion? Ideology? Philosophy? Fantasy?". In George McKay (ed.). Subcultures and New Religious Movements in Russia and East-Central Europe. Peter Lang. pp. 253–304. ISBN 9783039119219.
- Prokofiev, A.; Filatov, S.; Koskello, A. (2006). "Славянское и скандинавское язычества. Викканство" [Slavic and Scandinavian Paganism, and Wiccanism]. In Bourdeaux, Michael; Filatov, Sergey (eds.). Современная религиозная жизнь России. Опыт систематического описания [Contemporary religious life of Russia. Systematic description of experiences] (in Russian). Vol. 4. Moscow: Keston Institute; Logos. pp. 155–207. ISBN 5987040574.
- Shlyapentokh, Dmitry (2014). "Антисемитизм истории: вариант русских неоязычников" [The antisemitism of history: The case of Russian Neopagans]. Colloquium Heptaplomeres (in Russian). I. Nizhny Novgorod: Minin University: 76–85. ISSN 2312-1696.
- Simpson, Scott; Filip, Mariusz (2013). "Selected Words for Modern Pagan and Native Faith Movements in Central and Eastern Europe". In Kaarina Aitamurto; Scott Simpson (eds.). Modern Pagan and Native Faith Movements in Central and Eastern Europe. Durham: Acumen. pp. 27–43. ISBN 9781844656622.
- Simpson, Scott (2013). "Polish Rodzimowierstwo: Strategies for (Re)constructing a Movement". In Kaarina Aitamurto; Scott Simpson (eds.). Modern Pagan and Native Faith Movements in Central and Eastern Europe. Durham: Acumen. pp. 112–127. ISBN 9781844656622.
- Shnirelman, Victor A. (2000). "Perun, Svarog and Others: Russian Neo-Paganism in Search of Itself". The Cambridge Journal of Anthropology. 21 (3): 18–36. JSTOR 23818709.
- ——— (2002). "'Christians! Go home': A Revival of Neo-Paganism between the Baltic Sea and Transcaucasia (An Overview)". Journal of Contemporary Religion. 17 (2): 197–211. doi:10.1080/13537900220125181. S2CID 51303383.
- ——— (2007). "Ancestral Wisdom and Ethnic Nationalism: A View from Eastern Europe". The Pomegranate: The International Journal of Pagan Studies. 9 (1): 41–61. doi:10.1558/pome.v9i1.41.
- ——— (2013). "Russian Neopaganism: From Ethnic Religion to Racial Violence". In Kaarina Aitamurto; Scott Simpson (eds.). Modern Pagan and Native Faith Movements in Central and Eastern Europe. Durham: Acumen. pp. 62–71. ISBN 9781844656622.
- Skrylnikov, Pavel (20 July 2016). "The Church Against Neo-Paganism". Intersection. Archived from the original on 7 July 2017.
- Veletskaya, N. N. (1991). "Forms of Transformation of Pagan Symbolism in the Old Believer Tradition". Soviet Anthropology and Archeology. 29 (4): 20–42. doi:10.2753/AAE1061-1959290420.