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Lord of Kinfauns

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Lord Kinfauns is a title of nobility and baronial rank granted in 1487 by King James III of Scots and granted anew in 1608 by King James I of Great Britain, France and Ireland.[1]

As recorded in the Great Seal in crown charter, but possibly created earlier for Sir Thomas Charteris circa 1340.[2]

He was a native frenchman, and of an ancient family in that country. According to legend, he killed a French nobleman in the presence of the King. Although he escaped, he was refused a pardon. He became a pirate and later, through Sir William Wallace’s intervention, he received a pardon and knighthood from the French King. Charteris became a loyal ally of Wallace and supported King Robert the Bruce in his campaign for the Scottish crown and against the English. For his bravery, King Bruce rewarded Charteris.

Interestingly, when the 6th Lord Kinfauns was promoted to Earl of Kinnoull, his son and heir was styled Lord Kinfauns his father's title as a courtesy, his son being a military commander on the continent he is referenced between 1621 and 1634 with this title in many documents, before he succeeded as 2nd Earl of Kinnoull and 7th Lord Kinfauns.[3][4]

7th Lord Kinfauns

Kinfauns origin

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The village of Kinfauns likely derives its name from the Gaelic ceann-fan or ceann-fauns, which can mean "head of the slope," referencing the nearby Sidlaw Hills, or "head of the opening," referring to the flat lands beside the hills that stretch eastward into the Carse of Gowrie.

In the early 1820s, the 15th lord constructed Kinfauns Castle in a striking Gothic style on the site of an earlier medieval stronghold. The castle is situated between the village of Kinfauns and the city of Perth.

River Tay. A cave called the Dragon Hole on Kinnoull Hill in Kinfauns is thought to have occasionally sheltered Sir Wallace Wallace.[5]

The spot is hallowed by memories of Wallace and Bruce during the long struggle for Scottish sovereignty; and a popular legend survives, which declares that the first lord of Kinfauns (Sir Thomas de Longueville later Charteris) was a noble French warrior, who received these broad acres as a reward for his valorous aid to the Bruce against the English invader. It is believed that his sword, dating back over 700 years, remains within Kinfauns Castle.

Historically, the Lords of Kinfauns held the power of admiralty over the Tay. They were tasked with preserving the fishing in the river and with punishing poachers. Tradition has it that all vessels sailing along the river once recognised the power of the Lord of Kinfauns by saluting the castle or by lowering their colours as they passed it.[6][7]

Mythical early lords of Kinfauns

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Lords (of) Kinfauns 1487

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  • 1st Lord Kinfauns, Sir Thomas Charteris (1487 recorded in Great Seal)[1]
  • 2nd Lord Kinfauns, Sir (Patrick) John Charteris, provost of Perth (1532)[9][10]
  • 3rd Lord Kinfauns, Sir John Chartertis (1552)[11][12][13]
  • -- George Charteris, Master of Kinfauns, heir-apparent predeceased father[14]
    3rd lord's court case upheld Lord Craigie's defence for apprehending Lord Kinfauns, stating Lord Kinfauns was legally declared a rebel at the time. Treatise on the Law of Sale. p.242 [12]

Earls of Crawford

Earls of Kinnoull

7th lord was a military commander on the continent and there are many documents including in dutch. Publications of the Scottish History Society. Volume 32. 1899. p.VI [3]

Blair and Carnegie Lordship

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  • 8th Lord Kinfauns, Sir Alexander Blair of Balthayock (1647)
  • 9th Lord Kinfauns, Sir William Blair of Kinfauns (ratification 1654)
  • 10th Baroness of Kinfauns, Ann Blair (1673 crown charter) married Hon. Alexander Carnegie, son of the Earl of Northesk
  • 11th Lord Kinfauns, Alexander Blair Carnegie (1695) [21][22][23]
11th lord was taken to court by his wife. Law & Practice in Actions of Aliment Competent to the Local Courts of Scotland. Page 42 [21]

Lords Gray of Gray

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  • 12th Lord Kinfauns, 11th Lord Gray, John Gray (1716–1782) married Margaret daughter of Blair
  • 13th Lord Kinfauns, 12th Lord Gray, Charles Gray (1752–1786)
  • 14th Lord Kinfauns, 13th Lord Gray, William John Gray (1754–1807)
  • 15th Lord Kinfauns, 14th Lord Gray, Sir Francis Gray (signet 1808)
  • 16th Lord Kinfauns, 15th Lord Gray, John Gray (sasine 1843)
  • 17th Baroness of Kinfauns, 16th Lady Gray, Madeline Gray (crown writ. 1868) sister of John
  • 18th Baroness of Kinfauns, 17th Lady Gray, Margaret Murray (crown writ 1869 d. 1878) niece of Madeline
her ladyship was 18th in succession to the barony (lordship of Kinfauns), which now merges into the Earldom of Moray while the lordship of Gray separated in another line

Earls of Moray

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  • 19th Lord Kinfauns, 15th Earl of Moray, Edmund Arhibald Stuart Gray (extract decree 1878 d. 1901) cousin from 11th Lord Gray
  • 20th Lord Kinfauns, 16th Earl of Moray, Lieut. Col Francis James Stuart (extract decree 1896 d. 1909)
  • 21st Lord Kinfauns, 17th Earl of Moray, Morton Gray Stuart (disposition 1901 d. 1930)
  • 22nd Lord Kinfauns, 18th Earl of Moray, Francis Douglas Stuart (d. 1943)
  • 23rd Lord Kinfauns, 19th Earl of Moray, Archibald John Morton (d. 1974)
  • 24th Lord Kinfauns, 20th Earl of Moray, Douglas John Stuart (d. 2011)
  • 25th Lord Kinfauns, 21st Earl of Moray, John Douglas Stuart (b. 1966)

History of the Lordship of Kinfauns

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Records in the 1170s show that a chapel of Kinfauns, among others, was confirmed in the possession of the nearby Scone Abbey, one of the great religious establishments of medieval Scotland. Legend has it that some lands of Kinfauns passed around 1330 to a Frenchman, Thomas de Longueville. De Longueville was supposedly of noble stock but had been forced into exile after committing murder in the presence of the King of France. He adopted a life of piracy, sailing the seas for 16 years and earning the name "Red Reiver". It is said he attempted to capture a ship carrying Sir William Wallace who defeated De Longueville. The Reiver in turn became Wallace's companion, joining him in his struggle against the English during the Wars of Independence. There is a cave called the Dragon Hole in Kinnoull Hill in the parish of Kinfauns which is believed to have been an occasional hiding place of Wallace.[5] De Longueville later joined King Robert the Bruce and is said to have been alongside him in the vanguard of the capture of the key stronghold of Perth in 1313. De Longueville was considered a great warrior and supposedly wielded a two-handed broadsword nearly six feet long. As a reward for his bravery Bruce granted him lands at Kinfauns. Some say, he married the heiress of Charteris of Kinfauns and took from her the name Chartres or Charteris, and built a castle and became the first lord of Kinfauns. Certainly, he adopted the name and his descendants held lands at Kinfauns and the lordship of Kinfauns in the following centuries.[24][2]

It seems that lands of Kinfauns were divided by the time of King Robert the Bruce, who also granted lands to the De Maneris and the Ross families. In 1426 the Abbot of Scone brought a dispute before Parliament against Robert de Ross and Thomas Charteris. The Abbot claimed that the teinds (tithes) due to him from the lands of Kinfauns had not been paid for some time. Parliament confirmed his rights and ordered the landowners to pay amends.[25]

The town of Perth was one of the most important fortifications in late medieval Scotland. It was surrounded by castles and powerful families, who were often at war with one another and with the magistrates of Perth. Along with the Charteris family of Kinfauns there were also the Ruthvens, Blairs, Oliphants, Rosses and more. The Charteris family had a bitter and long-running feud with the Ruthvens, and in 1552 John Charteris was murdered by the Ruthvens on the Royal Mile in Edinburgh. Another feud was between the Charteris of Kinfauns and their neighbours, the Blairs of Balthyock. Many of the Charteris family rose to prominence in the governance of Perth town from the late 14th to the mid 16th century. For example, between 1465 and 1500 Andrew Charteris was Provost of Perth fourteen times and between 1480 and 1500 Gilbert Charteris was eight times elected bailie. During the struggles of the mid 16th century the Charteris family were supporters of the Queen Dowager, Cardinal Beaton and the Regent Arran.[26][27]

The last Charteris of Kinfauns was Sir John Charteris, who with his wife Janet Chisholm adopted as their son Harry Lindsay, brother of David Lindsay, the Earl of Crawford. Harry took the surname Charteris and in time acquired the lands and lordship of Kinfauns. He later succeeded his brother as Earl of Crawford. Some say he married Beatrix Charteris, an heiress of Kinfauns.[15]

In 1581 King James VI granted to the powerful William Ruthven, Earl of Gowrie, Lord Ruthven, Dirleton some lands at Kinfauns. William was succeeded by his son John, 3rd Earl of Gowrie. There are many theories as to the motives of the mysterious Gowrie Conspiracy in 1600, but Gowrie and his brother Alexander seem to have tried to kill or kidnap King James VI; but were both killed in the attack. As a result, John's lands and titles were forfeited to the Crown. As with many lands from the Earls of Gowrie, their part of the lands of Kinfauns were granted to one the king's favourites, Sir David Murray, Lord Scone.[28][29]

6th Lord Kinfauns, later the Earl of Kinnoul, painted by Adam de Colone, 1625

17th century onwards

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By the 1620s the lands and lordship of Kinfauns were in the hands of Sir George Hay, 6th Lord Kinfauns.[30][18] Hay was the second son of Patrick Hay of Megginch, and a favourite of King James VI, who bestowed on him the lands of the Carthusian monastery at Perth along with a seat in Parliament in 1598. He was with the king during the events of the Gowrie Conspiracy, and was rewarded for his loyalty. In 1616 he was appointed Lord Clerk Register and knighted. In 1622 he was appointed Lord Chancellor of Scotland, one of the great offices of state, and in 1621 was infeft of the lands and lordship of Kinfauns as 6th Lord Kinfauns. In 1627 he was created Viscount Dupplin and Lord Hay of Kinfauns. In 1633 he was created Earl of Kinnoull. He died in 1634 and was interred in Kinnoull Church, where a statue was erected of him in his Lord Chancellor's robes. His only surviving son succeeded him as the 2nd Earl of Kinnoul and 7th Lord Kinfauns in 1634 who was already styled before this, between 1621 and 1634, as Lord Kinfauns courtesy title as son and heir of his father's entitlement (translated to Baron of Kinfauns in dutch historical documents covering his military command on the continent)[31]. He was a yeoman of the guard to King Charles I and one of his privy councillors. In 1641 there was a ratification in favour of Hay, of his infeftment of the Lordship of Kinfauns, including the responsibility for the keeping of the waters of the Tay.[6] His son William succeeded as 3rd Earl of Kinnoul. For his continued support of the king, he was imprisoned by the English in Edinburgh Castle during the tumultuous civil wars of the mid-17th century. The Hay family's loyalty to the Stuart monarchy caused them to lose the greater part of their estates around this time.[citation needed]

In 1647 the lands and lordship of Kinfauns passed to Sir Alexander Blair of Balthayock, a descendant of the Blairs who had been neighbours and great rivals to the Charteris family. Around 1660 Sir William Blair succeeded to the lands and Lordship of Kinfauns and Craigtoun, including the keeping of the waters of the Tay.[32] In 1671 Alexander Carnegie, son of the Earl of Northesk, married Ann, the eldest daughter of Sir William Blair of Kinfauns, who resigned the Lordship of Kinfauns to his daughter and her husband. Their son, Alexander, assumed the name of Blair as well as that of Carnegie. In 1685 Alexander Blair Carnegie, younger of Kinfauns, was appointed by Parliament a commissioner for the Act of Supply. In 1695 Alexander Blair Carnegie of Kinfauns succeeded to the lands and lordship of Kinfauns.[33][23]

The Blairs held Kinfauns into the early 18th century, when Margaret, daughter of Alexander Blair and Jean Carnegie and heiress of the Blairs of Kinfauns married John, 11th Lord Gray, and so the Kinfauns estate passed to the Gray family. The 11th Lord Gray was Sheriff Principal of Forfarshire and Lord Lieutenant of Perthshire. It is said that during the Jacobite Rising of '45 Gray waited on the Hanoverian commander the Duke of Cumberland at Dundee as the Duke was on his way to the Battle of Culloden. Apparently, the Duke received him coldly and haughtily and Lord Gray immediately returned home and resolved to join the Rising and Bonnie Prince Charlie. His wife, who could see the dim prospects of the Rising, prevented her husband from leaving through trickery, knowing he would not listen to reason. She recommended that he should have his feet bathed after his hard ride from Dundee. His lordship put his feet into the bath and Lady Gray, as if by accident, poured a kettle of boiling water upon them. He was so scalded that he was unable to leave his room for several weeks, and meanwhile the rising had come to a bloody end.[34][35]

Kinfauns remained with the Gray family. Francis, 14th Lord Gray of Gray and Kinfauns, succeeded his brother in 1807 and held the titles and estates for many years. He had been a Major in the Breadalbane Fencibles and was later Postmaster-General of Scotland and served as a representative peer for Scotland in the House of Lords from 1812 to 1842. He is said to have been a popular and respected local figure who did much to improve the neighbourhood, as he did to improve his own estates. This Lord built the new mansion house of Kinfauns in the 1820s and vastly improved the estate by building new farmsteads and cottages of artistic design. He was succeeded by his son John, 15th Lord Gray, who was also a Representative Peer for Scotland and Deputy-Lieutenant of Perthshire. During the construction of the Dundee and Perth Railway it is said that Lord Gray would only allow the line to pass through his estate for the then huge fee of £12,000.[36]

The estates of Gray and Kinfauns passed to a cousin of the Grays, Edmund Archibald Stuart, later succeeding as 15th Earl of Moray in 1895. At this point, the lordship of Kinfauns merged into the earldom of Moray, while the lordship of Gray separated (according to a decision by the Committee for Privileges in the House of Lords) and passed to another kinsman.

The Earl was succeeded by his brother Francis James Stuart, 16th Earl of Moray and he in turn by his brother Morton Gray Stuart-Gray, 17th Earl of Moray in 1909. The 17th Earl was an enthusiastic gardener and was responsible for improving the gardens at Kinfauns.[citation needed][37]

References

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  1. ^ a b Great Seal of Scotland, Great Seal of Scotland (15 June 1487). "crown charter "domino de Kynfawnis" lordship of Kinfauns". Great Seal of Scotland 25 Feb 1608.
  2. ^ a b c Millar, Alexander Hastie (1890). The Historical Castles and Mansions of Scotland: Perthshire and Forfarshire. A. Gardner. p. 109.
  3. ^ a b c Publications of the Scottish History Society. T. and A. Constable. 1899. p. 396.
  4. ^ a b "LORD KINFAUNS [SSNE 5056] - The Scotland, Scandinavia and Northern European Biographical Database". www.st-andrews.ac.uk. Retrieved 2024-12-22.
  5. ^ a b Dawson, James Hooper (1857). New Issue of the Abridged Statistical History of Scotland: Illustrative of Its Physical, Industrial, Moral and Social Aspects, and Civil and Religious Institutions, from the Most Authentic Sources : Arranged Parochially with Biographical, Historical and Descriptive Notices. W.H. Lizars ... and all booksellers. p. 809.
  6. ^ a b c "Ratification in favour of [George Hay], earl of Kinnoull of his infeftment of the barony of Kinfauns; comprehending all and whole the lands and LORDSHIP OF KINFAUNS and Pitfindie, the heritable office of the keeping of the water of Tay on both the sides thereof, and of all other waters, rivers and burns, running and falling in the said water of Tay, with the privileges and liberties thereof". Records of the Parliament of Scotland to 1707. 17 November 1641. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
  7. ^ Register of the Great Seal of Scotland, Entry 21370.
  8. ^ a b Millar, Alexander Hastie (1890). The Historical Castles and Mansions of Scotland: Perthshire and Forfarshire. A. Gardner. p. 113.
  9. ^ Illustrations of the Scenery of the River Tay. Constable. 1891. p. 19.
  10. ^ Husband, Mary Fair Anderson (2014-07-21). The Characters In The Waverley Novels. Jazzybee Verlag. ISBN 978-3-8496-4516-8.
  11. ^ The Book of Perth: An Illustration of the Moral and Ecclesiastical State of Scotland Before and After the Reformation. Thomas G. Stevenson. 1847. p. 111.
  12. ^ a b Brown, Mungo Ponton (1821). A Treatise on the Law of Sale. W. & C. Tait. p. 242.
  13. ^ 1s viscount, William Drummond Strathallan (1889). The Genealogy of the Most Noble and Ancient House of Drummond. p. 151.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  14. ^ Millar, Alexander Hastie (1890). The Historical Castles and Mansions of Scotland: Perthshire and Forfarshire. A. Gardner. p. 114.
  15. ^ a b "Records of the Parliament of Scotland to 1707, Act in favour of Harry Charteris, 29 July 1587". 29 July 1587.
  16. ^ Millar, Alexander Hastie (1890). The Historical Castles and Mansions of Scotland: Perthshire and Forfarshire. A. Gardner. p. 114.
  17. ^ Office, Great Britain Public Record (1936). Calendar of the State Papers Relating to Scotland and Mary, Queen of Scots, 1547-1603. H. M. General Register Office. p. 903.
  18. ^ a b "Ratification to Sir George Hay of his infeftment of the Lordship of Kinfauns". Records of the Parliament of Scotland to 1707. 4 August 1621. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
  19. ^ The Register of the Privy Council of Scotland. H.M. General Register House. 1902. p. 725.
  20. ^ The Pocket Herald; Or, A Complete View Of The Present Peerage Of England, Scotland And Ireland: With All The Arns Engraved And Blazoned. In Two Volumes. ¬A New Peerag Of Scotland; Containing An Accurate Account Of The Noble Peers Of That Kingdom; Their Births, Marriages, And Issue, Their Several Employments, Titles, Creations And Residences; Including All The Late Alterations And Additions, To The Present Time. Almon. 1769. p. 46.
  21. ^ a b MACGLASHAN (Solicitor.), John (1837). Lady Kinfauns v. Lord Kinfauns, 19 July 1711. The Law and Practice in Actions of Aliment Competent to the Local Courts of Scotland. Thomas Clark. p. 42.
  22. ^ Debrett's Illustrated Peerage and Baronetage, Titles of Courtesy and the Knightage. Kelly's Directories. 1822.
  23. ^ a b Debrett, John (1822). Scotland and Ireland. G. Woodfall.
  24. ^ Michael, Lynch (1 April 2024). Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford University Press. pp. 428–430. ISBN 978-0-19-923482-0.
  25. ^ "Judicial proceeding: judgement of a dispute between the abbot of Scone and two freeholders of Kinfauns". Records of the Parliament of Scotland to 1707. 13 May 1426. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
  26. ^ "Ruthven vs. Charteris". Bagtown Clans. 1552. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
  27. ^ "The Scottish Nation - Charteris". Electric Scotland. 2 April 2024. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
  28. ^ "Records of the Parliament of Scotland to 1707, Ratification granted to William [Ruthven], earl of Gowrie, 29 Nov 1581".
  29. ^ "Act of annexation of the forfeited lands and others to the crown". Records of the Parliament of Scotland to 1707. 15 November 1600. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
  30. ^ "Committee members: lords of the articles". Records of the Parliament of Scotland to 1707. 25 June 1621. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
  31. ^ "Baron of Kinfauns - dutch documents". Huygens Institute. 22 Dec 2024. Retrieved 22 Dec 2024.
  32. ^ "Ratification in favour of William Blair of Kinfauns by Sir Alexander Blair of Balthayock". Records of the Parliament of Scotland to 1707. 22 August 1670. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
  33. ^ Warden, Alexander Johnston (1881). Angus or Forfarshire, the land and its people, descriptive and historical.
  34. ^ "Hay Clan History". Scot Clans. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
  35. ^ Finlay, Ross (1970). Touring Scotland: The Unknown Highlands: (Perth to Inverness). Foulis. p. 15. ISBN 978-0-85429-104-5.
  36. ^ Crawford, Ewan. "Kinfauns - RAILSCOT". www.railscot.co.uk. Retrieved 2024-12-24.
  37. ^ Dictionary of Scottish Architects Kinfauns Castle

Sources

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  • Peskett, H. Consultant Editor for Scotland, Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage. Burke's Peerage (107th Ed.), 'East Lothian Life', Autumn 2003, p. 17
  • Dickinson, Professor William Croft, The Court Book of the Barony of Carnwath 1523-1542, Introduction, published by Scottish History Society, 1937. "The standard scholarly work on the history of Scottish baronies"
  • Grant, Alexander, The Development of the Scottish Peerage, published in the Scottish Historical Review, 1978.
  • Roberts, John Leonard. The Jacobite wars: Scotland and the military campaigns of 1715 and 1745 (Capstone, 2002)
  • Szechi, Daniel. 1715: the great Jacobite rebellion (Yale University Press, 2006)
  • Peskett, H. Consultant Editor for Scotland, Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage. Burke's Peerage (107th Ed.), 'East Lothian Life', Autumn 2003, p. 17
  • Burke’s Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, Vol. 107 (London: Burke's Peerage, 2003).
  • The Great Seal of Scotland, National Archives of Scotland, document reference NAS. C2/88/1608.
  • Encyclopaedia Britannica: “Barons in Scotland”, Vol. 4 (Cambridge: University Press, 1911).
  • Scottish Castles: Tales of Nobility and Battle, Robert Hardy (Edinburgh: Scottish Heritage Publications, 2008), p. 123.
  • Gaelic Place Names of Scotland, Iain Mac an Tàilleir (Inverness: Scots Gaelic Society, 1999), p. 78.
  • Wallace, William. The Pirate and the Patriot: Kinfauns and Thomas de Longueville (Perth: Gowrie Publications, 1857).
  • The Scottish Parliament Records, 1406-1707 (Edinburgh: Scottish Parliament Archives, 1912).
  • Provosts and Magistrates of Perth: 1300-1700, J. B. Charteris (Perth: History Press, 1967).
  • The Charteris Family Archive, held at the Perth Museum and Art Gallery.
  • Lords of the North: The Rise of the Charteris Family (Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press, 1921).
  • Murray, David. Lords of Scone: The Family of Murray (St. Andrews: St. Andrews University Press, 1934).Gowrie, William. The Mystery of the Gowrie Conspiracy (London: Historical Times, 1882).
  • The Viscounts and Earls of Kinnoull (Dundee: Dundee University Press, 1915).
  • The Hays of Perthshire: Lords of Kinnoull and Kinfauns, A. MacKenzie (Perth: Perthshire Historical Society, 1978).
  • Blairs of Balthyock: Neighbours and Rivals of the Charteris Family, J. Ross (Glasgow: Strathclyde University Press, 1983).
  • Gray, John. The Grays of Kinfauns: Their Place in Scottish History (Perth: Local Historical Society, 1899).
  • National Library of Scotland Archives, Mormaers of Scotland, Manuscript Collection.
  • Order of the Eagle of Georgia, Grand Master’s Office, Royal House of Georgia, accessed 2024.
  • Royal House of Georgia, “Members of the Order of the Eagle of Georgia and the Seamless Tunic”, royalhouseofgeorgia.ge.
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