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List of wars involving Argentina

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This is a list of wars involving the Argentine Republic and its predecessor states from the colonial period to present day.

  •   Argentine victory: in case of an international victory or just a bellic victory/inconclusive conflict with favorable ending.
  •   Argentine defeat: in the case of an international bellic defeat.
  •   Indecisive or inconclusive: in the case of an international conflict, but with an unclear or left to interpretation result.
  •   Internal confrontation: in the case of an Argentine internal conflict, whatever the winning faction. This doesn't applies if the rebel faction is part of another country's troops.

Inca Empire

[edit]
Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results
Inca conquest of northern Argentina
(1479)
unframed Inca Empire
unframed Mitimaes
unframed Yanacona
Allied natives
Diaguitas
Huarpes
Omaguacas
Atacamas
Comechingones
Guaycuru peoples
Chichas
Victory of the Inca Empire
  • The territories are incorporated into the Collasuyo.
  • The towns are submitted to the Empire's state economic and labor administration system.
  • Beginning of the acculturation of the natives.
  • Continuation of hostilities against the Guarani tribes.
  • Fails expansion attempt towards the northern Chaco.

Colonial Argentina (1536–1810)

[edit]
Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results Notable battles
First attempt of colonizing Buenos Aires
(1536–1541)
 Spanish Empire Querandí
Help from:
Charrúa
Guaraní
Chana
Timbú
Defeat
  • The city is burned down by the natives in 1536, it was later reconstructed by the conquerors
  • The Spanish destroy the city and migrate to Asunción in 1541
First Calchaquí War
(1560–1563)
 Spanish Empire Diaguita Confederation
Omaguacas
Defeat
  • Various Spanish cities destroyed
  • Weakening of the Diaguita leadership and later acceptance of the encomienda by the natives
Spanish conquest of Mesopotamia
(1573–1583)
 Spanish Empire Charrúan Complex
Querandí
Guaraní
Victory
  • Rise of the tensions with the Portuguese conquerors
  • Death of Juan de Garay
Revolution of the Seven Chiefs
(1580)
 Spanish Empire Rebel Criollos Government victory
  • Revolution crushed
Viltipoco Rebellion
(1582)
 Spanish Empire Omaguacas Victory
  • Rebellion against the encomienda crushed
  • Omaguacas' land annexed to the Spanish territory
Conflicts against Pirates
(1582–1724)
 Spanish Empire  Kingdom of England
 Kingdom of France
 Kingdom of Denmark
 Portuguese Empire
Victory
  • The island Martín García remains in Spanish control
  • Attacks on Buenos Aires repelled
  • Pirate incursions dramatically reduced
  • Foundation of Montevideo
Second Calchaquí War
(1630–1637)
 Spanish Empire Diaguita Confederation Indecisive
  • The Spanish Empire defeat and annex the Diaguitas, but are unable to annex the rest of the confederation.
  • The natives get rid of the encomienda
  • The Quilmes become the leaders of the confederation
Battle of Mbororé

(1641)

 Spanish Empire  Portuguese Empire Victory
  • Portuguese raids stop
  • Guarani people are excluded from forced labour
  • The jesuits gain more autonomy regarding the administration of their missions
Third Calchaquí War
(1658–1667)
 Spanish Empire Diaguita Confederation Victory
  • End of the Diaguita rebellions
  • Full annexation of the Diaguita Confederation by Spain
First occupation of Sacramento Colony
(1680)
 Spanish Empire  Portuguese Empire Victory
  • Spanish occupy Sacramento
  • Sacramento is given back to Portugal in 1683
Battle of the Yi
(1702)
 Spanish Empire

Guaraní Tribes

Charrúa Tribes Stalemate
  • 300 Charrúas were killed during the negotiations
  • Decisive weakening of the Charrúa forces
Second occupation of Sacramento Colony
Part of the War of the Spanish Succession
(1705)
 Spanish Empire  Portuguese Empire Victory
  • Spanish occupy Sacramento
  • Sacramento is given back to Portugal in 1715
Commoner Revolution
(1721–1735)
 Spanish Empire Paraguayan Civilians Government victory
  • Rebellion crushed
  • Paraguayan people lose their right to vote
Spanish–Portuguese War
(1735–1737)
 Spanish Empire  Portuguese Empire Defeat
  • Failure at occupying Sacramento Colony
Guaraní War
(1756)
 Spanish Empire

 Portuguese Empire

Guaraní Tribes

Jesuits

Victory
  • End of Jesuitic influence on the Platine region
  • Portuguese territorial gain
First Ceballos Expedition
Part of the Seven Years' War
(1762–1763)
 Spanish Empire  Portuguese Empire

 Great Britain

Victory
  • Sacramento Colony temporarily occupied by Spain
  • Rio Grande temporarily occupied by Spain
  • The occupied territories are given back to Portugal
Capture of Port Egmont
(1770)
 Spanish Empire  Great Britain Victory
  • The Falklands are annexed to Spain as Malvinas
  • Withdrawal of both forces from the islands
Second Ceballos Expedition
(1776–1777)
 Spanish Empire  Portuguese Empire Victory
  • Sacramento Colony occupied and annexed to Spain
  • Santa Catarina temporarily occupied by Spain
  • Spain annexation of southern Brazilian territory
  • Spanish annexation of Equatorial Guinea
War of the Oranges

(1801)

Spain Spanish Empire  Portuguese Empire Defeat
  • Eastern Missions annexed to Brazil
British invasions of the Río de la Plata
Part of the Napoleonic Wars
(1806–1807)
Spain Spanish Empire  United Kingdom Victory
  • Both invasions repelled

United Provinces of the Río de la Plata (1810–1831)

[edit]
Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results Notable battles
Spanish American wars of independence
(1810–1833)

Argentine participation in:

Patriots:[Note 3]

Amerindian allies of the Patriots

Royalist:

Spain Spanish Monarchy

Amerindian allies of the Royalists

Victory
  • Formation of the new Hispanic American states
  • Subsequently, Spain recognizes each of the new Hispanic American states through the signing of international treaties
Portuguese Invasion of the Banda Oriental
(1811–1812)
United Provinces of the Río de la Plata

 Spain

Inconclusive
First Argentine Civil War
(1814–1820)
 United Provinces of the Río de la Plata League of the Free Peoples

Córdoba
Charrúa Tribes
Guaycuru Tribes
Santiago del Estero

Consequences:
  • End of the Federal League and the directory
  • Anarchy of the 20's
  • La Rioja separates from Cordoba
  • Creation of the Entre Rios Republic and Tucuman Republic
  • Separation of Cuyo into Mendoza, San Luis and San Juan
  • Reintegration of Santiago del Estero into Tucuman
  • The League of the Free Peoples does not represent the Argentine government of that era, so their conflicts with Portugal will not be counted on this page
Portuguese conquest of the Banda Oriental (1816–1820) Misiones Province United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves Luso-Brazilian victory
Battle of Makassar
(1817)
United Provinces of the Río de la Plata Malay Pirates Victory
Incident on Jolo[Note 4]
(1818)
United Provinces of the Río de la Plata Sultanate of Sulu Victory
  • Reconciliation after the arrival of the Sulu leader
  • Bouchard continues his expedition to reach the Philippines
Martín Rodríguez Campaign
(1820–1824)
 United Provinces of the Río de la Plata Ranquel Ulmanate Victory
  • Territorial expansion to the west
Conflicts against Ramírez
(1820–1821)
Buenos Aires
Santa Fe
Entre Ríos Republic Buenos Aires and Santa Fe's victory
  • The Entre Ríos Republic separates into the provinces of Entre Ríos and Corrientes
Battle of La Rioja
(1820)
La Rioja Army of the Andes
  • Andes Auxiliary Division
Riojan victory
  • More autonomy of La Rioja
  • Francisco Aldao had to withdraw from the province of La Rioja
  • Nicolás Dávila takes over as governor of the province
  • Facundo Quiroga's first important victory
Battle of Rincón de Marlopa
(1821)
Tucuman Republic Salta Province
Santiago del Estero Rebels
Tucuman's victory
  • Santiago del Estero separates from Tucuman as a new province
  • Catamarca's secession from Tucuman
  • End of the Tucuman Republic (which despite the name wasn't a country)
Cisplatine War
(1825–1828)
United Provinces of the Río de la Plata
Thirty-Three Orientals
 Empire of Brazil Stalemate
Brigandage of the Pincheira Brothers
(1825–1832)
 Chile
United Provinces of the Río de la Plata (until 1831)
Argentine Confederation (from 1831 to 1832)
Wallmapu Allies
Montoneras of Pincheira
Pehuenches

Boroan Confederation

Victory
Second Argentine Civil War
(1826–1827)
Unitarian Government Federal Provinces Federal victory
Third Argentine Civil War
(1828–1831)
Interior League Litoral League Consequences:

Argentine Confederation (1831–1861)

[edit]
Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results Notable battles
Fourth Argentine Civil War
(1832–1838)
Argentine Confederation
 Uruguay (1836–1838)
Salta Province
Unitarians
Colorados (1836–1838)
Jujuy Rebels
Federal / Colorado / Jujuy's victory
  • Causus belli for the War between Argentina and Peru–Bolivian Confederation
  • Unitarian uprising crushed
  • The Colorados take over Uruguay
  • Argentine invasion of Uruguay
  • Jujuy separates from Salta as a new province
  • Death of Facundo Quiroga
  • Start of the second term of Juan Manuel de Rosas in 1835
Falklands Expedition (1832) Argentine Confederation United States Consequences
  • Argentina and the United States break diplomatic relations
  • Weakening of the Argentine settlement on the islands
  • British occupation in 1833.
Desert Campaign
(1833–1835)
Argentine Confederation
Mapuche Allies
Tehuelche Tribes
Mapuche Tribes Victory
  • Argentine territorial expansion
  • Rise of the popularity of Juan Manuel de Rosas
Boroan Conflict
(1836)
Argentine Confederation
Ranquel Ulmanate
Boroan Confederation Victory
  • End of Boroan influence on the Pampas
  • Calfucurá becomes the leader of the entirety of Puelmapu, forming the Confederation of Salinas Grandes
War of the Confederation
(1836–1839)
 Chile
Peru Peruvian Dissidents
  • Peru Peruvian Exiles (1836–1837)
  • Peru Government of La Fuente (1837)
  • Peru Peruvian Exiles (1837–1838)
  • Peru Government of Gamarra (1838–1839)
Argentine Confederation
 Peru-Bolivian Confederation Victory
  • Chile, Argentina and the Peruvian dissidents defeat the Peru-Bolivian Confederation
  • Argentine territorial integrity secured
Tarija War
Part of the War of the Confederation
(1837–1839)
Argentine Confederation  Peru-Bolivian Confederation Final Victory
  • Argentine territorial integrity secured
  • Abandonment of the Bolivian pretentions of annexing the Argentine northern provinces
French blockade of the Río de la Plata
(1838–1840)
Argentine Confederation  France Victory
  • France leaves the island Martín García
Argentine invasion of Uruguay

(Second phase of Guerra Grande)
(1839–1843)

Blancos
Argentine Confederation
 Uruguay Victory
  • The Blancos party creates the Government of Cerrito, which controlled most of Uruguay.
  • The Colorados remain in control of Montevideo, creating the Government of La Defensa.
  • Great Siege of Montevideo.
Uruguayan Civil War (1839 - 1851) Blancos

Argentine Confederation

Colorado victory
Fifth Argentine Civil War
(1840–1841)
Argentine Confederation

Blancos

Unitarians

Support:
 France

Government victory
Combat of Costa Brava
(1842)
Argentine Confederation Kingdom of Italy Redshirts
(Kingdom of Italy)
Victory
Great Siege of Montevideo
(1843–1851)
Government of Cerrito
Argentine Confederation
Spain Spanish Mercenaries
Government of La Defensa Ceasefire
Fourth Correntine Revolution
(1843–1847)
Argentine Confederation Corrientes State
 Paraguay (since 1845)
Victory
  • Revolution crushed
  • Corrientes reintegrated into Argentina
  • Growth of Paraguayan influence on the disputed province of Misiones
Paraná War
(1845–1850)
Argentine Confederation  United Kingdom
 France
Victory
  • France and Britain recognize the sovereignty of Argentina on River Plate and its tributaries
  • France pulls its forces out of Montevideo
Battle of Laguna Limpia (4 February 1846) Federalist Party (Argentina) Corrientes Province Federalist victory
Correntine–Paraguayan War
(1847–1850)[1]
Argentine Confederation

Support:

 Paraguay

Support:

Victory
Platine War

(Sixth Argentine Civil War)

(1851–1852)

Buenos Aires Province
Government of Cerrito
Ejercito Grande Coalition:

Entre Ríos
Corrientes
Santa Fe

Unitarians

 Brazil

Government of La Defensa

Defeat of Buenos Aires
  • Victory of the coalition army of General Justo José de Urquiza in Argentina
  • Colorado victory in Uruguay
  • Argentine clout over the Platine region ends[2]
  • Brazilian hegemony in the Platine region starts[3][4]
  • War between the State of Buenos Aires and the Confederation
Seventh Argentine Civil War
(1852–1862)
Argentine Confederation
Salinas Grandes Confederation
State of Buenos Aires Consecuences
  • Buenos Aires defeats the Argentine Confederation, leading to unification and the creation of the Argentine Republic
    • Buenos Aires does this with the condition of being able to secede from Argentina again if needed
Campaigns against Calfucurá
(1855–1872)
State of Buenos Aires (until 1861)
 Argentina (1861–1872)
Salinas Grandes Confederation Victory
  • Calfulcurá is defeated and dies one year after that

Argentine Republic (1861–present)

[edit]
Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results Notable battles
Uruguayan War
(1864–1865)
 Brazil
Colorados
Unitarians
 Argentina
 Uruguay
Blancos
Federalists
Victory
  • The Colorados take over the Uruguayan government
  • Start of the Paraguayan War
War of the Triple Alliance
(1865–1870)
 Brazil
 Argentina

 Uruguay

 Paraguay Victory
Eighth Argentine Civil War
(1866–1867)
 Argentina Federals Government Victory
Ninth Argentine Civil War
(1870–1876)
 Argentina Federals Government Victory
Conquest of the Chaco
(1870–1917)
 Argentina
Abipones Tribes
Guaycuru Tribes Victory
Tenth Argentine Civil War
(1873-1874)
National Autonomist Party Liberal Party Autonomist Victory
  • Autonomist party's rule of the country through 40 years
Kolla Rebellion
(1874–1875)
 Argentina Colla Tribes Victory
  • Reestablishment of the government of Jujuy
  • Rebel survivors flee to Bolivia
Revolution of La Boca
(Unclear, either 1876 or 1882)
 Argentina La Boca Republic Government Victory
  • The genoese revolutionaries are defeated and La Boca is reintegrated into Argentina
  • The republic would later reappear as a recreative micronation with no independentist intentions
Conquest of the Desert
(1878–1884)
 Argentina
Allied Tribes
Mapuche and Pampas Tribes
 Chile (Battle of Aluminé)
Victory
  • Annexation of the eastern Patagonia
  • Chile would stop claiming the eastern part of Patagonia
  • Emergence of the military and political influence of Argentina in South America
Revolution of 1880
(1880)
 Argentina Buenos Aires Province Government Victory
  • Federalization of Buenos Aires
  • End of the Argentine Civil Wars
  • Buenos Aires loses its right to secede
Selk'nam Genocide
(1880–1910)
 Argentina
Bounty Hunters
Selk'nam Tribes Victory
  • 3,900 Selk'nams killed
    • Only around 900 of the deaths were directly inflicted due to most victims dying due to diseases unknown to them
  • Death of the last native speaker of the Selk'nam language in the 1980s[5]
  • Extinction of the Yagán domestic fox used by the Selk'nam
Argentine occupation of the Puna de Atacama
(1885–1886)
 Argentina  Bolivia Victory
  • Annexation of most of the Puna de Atacama in 1888
Revolution of the Park
(1890)
 Argentina Civic Union Government military victory, political defeat
Argentine Revolution of 1893
(1893)
 Argentina Radical Civic Union Government military victory, political defeat
  • Revolution crushed by the government
Russo-Japanese War
(1901)
Japan

Support:

 Russia Japanese victory
  • Russia withdraws from Manchuria
  • Improvement of relations between Argentina and Japan
Venezuelan Crisis of 1902–1903
(1902–1903)
 Venezuela
Support:
 United Kingdom
 Germany
 Italy
Support:
Compromise
  • Venezuelan debt dispute resolved
  • European fleet withdraws
  • Argentina's Drago Doctrine becomes famous internationally
Argentine Revolution of 1905
(1905)
 Argentina Radical Civic Union Government military victory, political defeat
War of Chile Chico
(1918)
 Argentina
Carabineros de Chile
Chile Chilean Settlers Victory
  • Incarceration of Chileans settlers
  • The settlers were released a month later they returned to Chile
Tragic Week
(1919)
 Argentina FORA Government victory
  • Rebellion crushed
  • Multiple human rights violations towards immigrants and Jews
  • First pogrom on the history of the Americas
  • Roots of fascism in Argentina
Patagonia Rebelde
(1920–1922)
 Argentina FORA

Support:

Government victory
1930 Argentine coup d'état
(1930)
Argentina Argentine Government Nacionalistas Rebel victory
Chaco War
(1932–1935)
 Paraguay
Support:
 Bolivia
Support:
Paraguayan victory
  • Paraguay gets most of the disputed zone with Bolivia
Radical Revolution of 1932
(1932)
 Argentina Radical Civic Union Government victory
  • Revolution crushed by the government
1943 Argentine coup d'état
(1943)
Argentina Argentine Government United Officers' Group Rebel victory
World War II
(1945)
 United States
 Soviet Union
 United Kingdom
 China
 France
 Poland
 Canada
 Australia
 New Zealand
 India
 South Africa
 Yugoslavia
 Greece
 Denmark
 Norway
 Netherlands
 Belgium
 Luxembourg
 Czechoslovakia
 Brazil
 Mexico
 Chile
 Bolivia
 Colombia
 Ecuador
 Paraguay
 Peru
 Venezuela
 Uruguay
 Argentina
 Germany
 Japan
 Italy
 Hungary
 Romania
 Bulgaria
 Croatia
 Slovakia
 Finland
 Thailand
 Manchukuo
 Mengjiang
Victory
Regarding Argentina:
Third Paraguayan Civil War
(1947)
 Paraguay
Colorado Party
Support:
Liberal Party
Febrerista Revolutionary Party
Paraguayan Communist Party
Paraguayan government victory
Liberating Revolution
(1955–1958)
 Argentine Government
Nationalist Liberation Alliance
Loyal Armed Forces
CGT
Rebel Armed Forces
Civil Commands
Rebel victory
  • Argentine military seizes power
  • Overthrow of Juan Domingo Perón
  • Political persecution of Peronism
Peronist Resistance
(1959–1963)
 Argentina Peronist Youth
Uturuncos
Nationalist Liberation Alliance
Government victory
  • Rebel guerrillas dissolved some years after the conflict
  • Former members would join later join Montoneros or FAR
1963 Argentine Navy revolt
(1962–1963)
Azules:
Argentine Army
Argentine Air Force
Colorados:
Argentine Navy
Azules victory
Cuban Missile Crisis
(quarantine operation)
(1962)
 United States
 OAS
 Soviet Union
 Cuba
Consequences:
  • Expulsion of Cuba from the OAS
  • Naval blockade of Cuba towards the USSR
Guevarist incursion in Argentina
(1963–1964)
 Argentina EGP

Support:

Government victory
  • Disarticulation of the guerrilla
  • The attempt of revolution, along with the later fall of Tacuara and the bad decisions taken by the government of Ongania would later provoke the Cycle of Azos and creation of far-leftist guerrillas
Nazi insurgency in Argentina

(1963-1966)

 Argentina Tacuara Nationalist Movement

Support:

Government victory
  • The Tacuara Nationalist Movement is dissolved
  • Founder of the guerrillas, José Joe Baxter, becomes communist and creates the ERP
  • Without Tacuara, far-left guerrillas begin to appear.
    • Former members would later become part of the Triple A to fight communism
Laguna del Desierto Incident
(1965)
 Argentina  Chile Victory
  • Argentina gets the disputed zone
The Cycle of Azos

(1969-1972)

 Argentina AUF

Vatican City MPTW

CGT

PRT

 Córdoba

Rebel Victory
Far-leftist insurgency in Argentina
(1967–1980)
 Argentina
Triple A
ERP
Montoneros
FAR
FAP
FAL
CPL
GEL
OCPO
Government victory
  • Leftist guerrillas defeated mostly eradicated by 1977
  • 9,500+ guerrillas (4,500+ Montoneros and 5,000 ERP), hundreds of soldiers/police, and 3,252 civilians killed in political violence from 1969 to 1980; 30,000 people disappeared by the government.[8][9]
Guatemalan Civil War
(1960–1996)
(Argentina helped since 1976)
 Guatemala
Support:
URNG Peace accord signed in 1996
Beagle Crisis
(1978–1984)
 Argentina  Chile Consequences (bloodless conflict):
  • Signing of the Treaty of Peace and Friendship in 1984
  • Bioceanity of Argentina and Chile. Not mutually recognized.
  • Chile's support to the United Kingdom during the Falklands War
Salvadoran Civil War
(1979–1992)
 El Salvador
Support:
 United States
 Argentina (until 1983)
 Israel
 Taiwan
 Chile (until 1990)
FMLN
Support:
 Soviet Union
 Cuba
 Nicaragua
Ceasefire
  • Chapultepec Peace Accords of 1992
  • Restructuring of Salvadoran Armed Forces
  • National and Treasury Police are dissolved (new civilian-overseen police created)
  • FMLN becomes a political party, its combatants are exonerated
Falklands War
(1982)
 Argentina  United Kingdom Defeat
Carapintadas Uprisings
(1987–1990)
 Argentina Carapintadas Government victory
  • Uprisings stopped
1989 Attack on La Tablada Barracks
(1989)
 Argentina Movimiento Todos por la Patria Government victory
  • Argentine army and police victory
Gulf War
(Operativo Alfil)
(1990–1991)
 United States
 Kuwait
 United Kingdom
 Saudi Arabia
 France
 Italy
 Canada
 Egypt
 Syria
 Morocco
 United Arab Emirates
 Pakistan
 Oman
 Qatar
 Argentina
Coalition
 Iraq Victory
  • Iraqi withdrawal from Kuwait
Croatian War of Independence
(Operation Bljesak)
(1991–1995)
 Croatia
 United Nations
 Republika Srpska
 Yugoslavia
Victory
Operation Uphold Democracy
(Operative Talos)
(1994–1995)
 United States
 Poland
 Argentina
 Haiti Victory
Russian invasion of Ukraine

 Ukraine
 NATO
 European Union
 United States
 South Korea
 Japan
 Argentina

 Russia
 Belarus
 North Korea

Ongoing:

|}

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ The Argentine participation in the independence of Paraguay occurred in the failed campaign of Belgrano on Paraguay between 1810 and 1811.
  2. ^ The Argentine participation in the independence of Mexico occurred on one occasion, during the privateer cruise La Argentina, when this ship attacked the coast of California in 1818.
  3. ^ In this section of "combatant 1" appear the independent governments that managed to consolidate at the end of the war. Later, some of these governments disintegrated, as happened with Gran Colombia (Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela) or the First Mexican Empire (Mexico, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua). Panama and Uruguay would be formed because of other conflicts.
  4. ^ This incident occurred during the privateer cruise La Argentina, when this ship arrive to the island of Jolo in 1818.
  5. ^ Venezuelan llanero mercenaries participed in the Battle of Rincón de Valladares

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Dardo Rodolfo Ramírez Braschi (June 2019). "La guerra correntina-paraguaya de 1849". National University of the Northeast. Retrieved 2024-08-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  2. ^ Halperín Donghi 2007, p. 91.
  3. ^ Furtado 2000, p. 10.
  4. ^ Golin 2004, p. 42.
  5. ^ Adelaar, Willem (2010). "South America". In Moseley, Christopher; Nicolas, Alexandre (eds.). Atlas of the world's languages in danger (3rd entirely revised, enlarged and updated ed.). Paris: UNESCO. pp. 86–94. ISBN 978-92-3-104096-2.
  6. ^ Buckley, Martha (9 April 2005). "How Argentines helped British win war". BBC News. Archived from the original on 8 March 2006. Retrieved 8 January 2008.
  7. ^ Argentine pilots break silence over World War Two – Reuters
  8. ^ Clodfelter, M. (2017). Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492-2015 (4th ed.). Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. ISBN 978-0786474707.. Pages 649-650.
  9. ^ A 32 años de la caída en combate de Mario Roberto Santucho y la Dirección Histórica del PRT-ERP. Cedema.org. Archived from the original on 2011-07-25. Retrieved 2019-09-12.

Bibliography

[edit]