List of rulers of the Mali Empire
List of imperial mansas of Mali
[edit]The name 'Keita', meaning 'heritage taker', post-dates the rise of the empire. Sundiata was likely a Konate, and is praised as such in oral histories. It is unclear when the name shifted.[1]
Most of the names of the imperial mansas of Mali are known through the works of Ibn Khaldun. Historian Francois-Xavier Fauvelle has postulated a long-running dynastic competition between two branches of the dynasty, which he terms the Maridjatids and the Abubakrids after their founders. The Maridjatids (descendants of Sundiata by the male line) are best remembered in oral tradition, while written accounts by Arab sources focus on the Abubakrids.[2]
| Reign | Incumbent | Notes | Branch |
|---|---|---|---|
| c. 1235—1255 | Mari Djata I (Sundiata) | Son of Manghan Kon Fatta | Maridjatids (founder) |
| c. 1255—1270 | Uli Keita | Son of Mari Djata I | Maridjatids |
| c. 1270—1274 | Wati Keita | Son of Mari Djata I | Maridjatids |
| c. 1274—1275 | Khalifa Keita | Son of Mari Djata I | Maridjatids |
| c. 1275—1285 | Abubakari Keita I | Son of Mari Djata's daughter | Abubakrids (founder) |
| c. 1285—1300 | Sakura | Usurper | |
| c. 1300—1305 | Gao Keita | Maridjatids | |
| c. 1305—1312 | Mohammed ibn Gao Keita | Maridjatids | |
| 1312—1337 | Mansa Musa Keita I | Abubakrids | |
| 1337—1341 | Maghan Keita I | Abubakrids | |
| 1341—1360 | Souleyman Keita | Co-ruler: Kassi | Abubakrids |
| 1360 | Camba Keita | Abubakrids | |
| 1360—1374 | Mari Djata Keita II | Abubakrids | |
| 1374—1387 | Musa Keita II | Abubakrids | |
| 1387—1389 | Maghan Keita II | Abubakrids | |
| 1389—1390 | Sandaki | Usurper | |
| 1390—1404 | Maghan Keita III
(also known as Mahmud Keita I) |
Maridjatids | |
| 1404—c. 1440 | Musa Keita III | ||
| c.1460—1480/1481 | Uli Keita II | ||
| 1480/1481—1496 | Mahmud Keita II
(also known as Mamadou Keita) |
||
| 1496—1559 | Mahmud Keita III | ||
| 1559—c.1590 | Unknown mansa or vacancy | ||
| c.1590—c.1610 | Mahmud Keita IV | Empire collapses after death of Mahmud Keita IV. |
| Reign | Incumbent | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| c.1610—c.1660 | Unknown number of mansas | |
| c.1660—c.1670 | Mama Maghan | Capital moved from Niani to Kangaba after botched attack on Segou. |
List of prime ministers
[edit]| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Political party | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | ||||
| 1 | 
|
Modibo Keïta (1915–1977) |
20 June 1960 | 1965 | US–RDA |
| Post abolished (1965 – 19 November 1968) | |||||
| 2 | 
|
Yoro Diakité (1932–1973) |
19 November 1968 | 18 September 1969 | Military |
| Post abolished (18 September 1969 – 6 June 1986) | |||||
| 3 |
|
Mamadou Dembelé (1934–2016) |
6 June 1986 | 6 June 1988 | UDPM |
| Post abolished (6 June 1988 – 2 April 1991) | |||||
| – |
|
Soumana Sacko (born 1950) |
2 April 1991 | 9 June 1992 | Independent |
| 4 |
|
Younoussi Touré (1939–2022) |
9 June 1992 | 12 April 1993 | Independent |
| 5 |
|
Abdoulaye Sékou Sow (1931–2013) |
12 April 1993 | 4 February 1994 | Independent |
| 6 | .jpg)
|
Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta (1945-2022) |
4 February 1994 | 15 February 2000 | ADEMA–PASJ |
| 7 |
|
Mandé Sidibé (1940–2009) |
15 February 2000 | 18 March 2002 | ADEMA–PASJ |
| 8 | 
|
Modibo Keita (1942–2021) |
18 March 2002 | 9 June 2002 | Independent |
| 9 |
|
Ahmed Mohamed ag Hamani (born 1942) |
9 June 2002 | 29 April 2004 | Independent |
| 10 |
|
Ousmane Issoufi Maïga (born 1946) |
29 April 2004 | 28 September 2007 | Independent |
| 11 | 
|
Modibo Sidibé (born 1952)[a] |
28 September 2007 | 3 April 2011 | Independent |
| 12 |
|
Cissé Mariam Kaïdama Sidibé (1948–2021) |
3 April 2011 | 22 March 2012 (deposed.)[3] |
Independent |
| Vacant (22 March – 17 April 2012) | |||||
| – | 
|
Cheick Modibo Diarra (born 1952) |
17 April 2012 | 11 December 2012 (resigned.) |
Independent |
| – | 
|
Django Sissoko (1948-2022) |
11 December 2012 | 5 September 2013 | Independent |
| 13 |
|
Oumar Tatam Ly (born 1963) |
5 September 2013 | 5 April 2014 | Independent |
| 14 | 
|
Moussa Mara (born 1975) |
5 April 2014 | 9 January 2015 | Independent |
| (8) |
|
Modibo Keita (1942–2021) |
9 January 2015 | 10 April 2017 | Independent |
| 15 | .jpg)
|
Abdoulaye Idrissa Maïga (born 1958) |
10 April 2017 | 31 December 2017 (resigned.) |
RPM |
| 16 | .jpg)
|
Soumeylou Boubèye Maïga (1954-2022) |
31 December 2017 | 18 April 2019[b] | ASMA-CFP |
| Vacant (18 April – 23 April 2019) | |||||
| 17 | 
|
Boubou Cissé (born 1974) |
23 April 2019 | 18 August 2020 (deposed.)[4][c] |
Independent |
| Vacant (18 August – 27 September 2020) | |||||
| – | .jpg)
|
Moctar Ouane (born 1955) |
27 September 2020 | 24 May 2021 (deposed.)[6][d] |
Independent |
| Vacant (24 May – 6 June 2021) | |||||
| – | .jpg)
|
Choguel Kokalla Maïga (born 1958) |
6 June 2021 | 21 August 2022 | Independent |
| – |
|
Abdoulaye Maïga (born 1981) |
21 August 2022 | 5 December 2022 | Independent |
| – |
|
Choguel Kokalla Maïga (born 1958) |
5 December 2022 | 21 November 2024 | Independent |
| – |
|
Abdoulaye Maïga (born 1981) |
21 November 2024 | Incumbent | Independent |
- ^ Brother of Mandé Sidibé.
- ^ Lost confidence of Parliament.
- ^ Officially resigned on 19 August 2020.[5]
- ^ Officially resigned on 26 May 2021.[7]
List
[edit]| Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Political party | Elected | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | |||||
| Jean-Marie Koné | 20 June 1957 | 20 June 1957 | US–RDA | 1957 | ||
|
|
Modibo Keïta (1915–1977) |
20 June 1957 | 19 November 1968 (deposed.) |
1960 1964 | ||
| Military Committee for National Liberation (Mali) | ||||||
| Yoro Diakité | 19 November 1968 | 19 November 1968 | ||||
| Amadou Baba Diarra | 19 November 1968 | 19 November 1968 | ||||
| Youssouf Traoré | 20 November 1968 | 20 November 1968 | ||||
| Samba Sangare | 20 November 1968 | 20 November 1968 | ||||
| P. Sissoko | 20 November 1968 | 21 November 1968 | ||||
| Tiécoro Bagayoko | 22 November 1968 | 22 November 1968 | ||||
| J. Marat | 22 November 1968 | 23 November 1968 | ||||
| Soungalo Samaké | 23 November 1968 | 23 November 1968 | ||||
| C. Toukara | 23 November 1968 | 24 November 1968 | ||||
| M. Kone | 24 November 1968 | 24 November 1968 | ||||
| Kissima Dukara | 24 November 1968 | 24 November 1968 | ||||
| Karim Dembélé | 24 November 1968 | 24 November 1968 | ||||
| M. Diallo | 25 November 1968 | 25 November 1968 | ||||
| Filiping Sissoko | 25 November 1968 | 25 November 1968 | ||||
| M. Sissoko | 25 November 1968 | 25 November 1968 | ||||
| Military Committee for National Liberation (Mali) | ||||||
_(cropped).jpg)
|
Moussa Traoré (1936–2020) |
19 November 1968 | 25 November 1968 | |||
| 25 November 1968 | 26 March 1991 (deposed.) |
Military / UDPM |
1979 1985 | |||
|
Amadou Toumani Touré (1948–2020) |
26 March 1991 | 8 June 1992 | Military | — | |
|
Alpha Oumar Konaré (1946–) |
8 June 1992 | 8 June 2002 | ADEMA–PASJ | 1992 1997 | |
|
|
Amadou Toumani Touré (1948–2020) |
8 June 2002 | 22 March 2012 (deposed.) |
Independent | 2002 2007 | |
| Natie Pleah | 2 March 2012 | 2 March 2012 | ||||
| Sadio Gassama | 2 March 2012 | 22 March 2012 | ||||
| Sidi Alassane Touré | 22 March 2012 | 22 March 2012 | ||||
| Abass Dembélé | 22 March 2012 | 22 March 2012 | ||||
| Seyba Traoré | 22 March 2012 | 22 March 2012 | ||||
| Amadou Konare | 22 March 2012 | 22 March 2012 | ||||
|
Amadou Sanogo (1972/73–) |
22 March 2012 | 12 April 2012 | Military | — | |
| Oumar Mariko | 12 April 2012 | 12 April 2012 | ||||
| Mahamane Touré | 12 April 2012 | 12 April 2012 | ||||
.jpg)
|
Dioncounda Traoré (1942–) Acting |
12 April 2012 | 4 September 2013 | ADEMA–PASJ | — | |
| Tiéfing Konaté | 4 September 2013 | 4 September 2013 | ||||
| Sada Samaké | 4 September 2013 | 4 September 2013 | ||||
|
|
Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta (1945–) |
4 September 2013 | 18 August 2020 (deposed' |
RPM | 2013 2018 | |
| Boubou Cissé | 18 August 2020 | 18 August 2020 | ||||
| Mahmoud Dicko | 18 August 2020 | 18 August 2020 | ||||
| Ibrahima Dahirou Dembélé | 18 August 2020 | 18 August 2020 | ||||
| Tiémoko Sangaré | 18 August 2020 | 18 August 2020 | ||||
| Gabriel Poudiougou | 18 August 2020 | 18 August 2020 | ||||
| National Committee for the Mali | ||||||
| Modibo Koné | 18 August 2020 | 19 August 2020 | Military | – | ||
| Assimi Goita (1983–) | ||||||
| Malick Diaw | ||||||
| Sadio Camara | ||||||
| Ismaël Wagué | ||||||
| Fanta Mady Dembele | ||||||
| Didier Dacko | 19 August 2020 | 19 August 2020 | ||||
| Alpha Yaya Sangaré | 19 August 2020 | 19 August 2020 | ||||
| Ba Ag Moussa | 19 August 2020 | 19 August 2020 | ||||
| Ould Meydou | 19 August 2020 | 19 August 2020 | ||||
| Salvation of the People Mali | ||||||
|
|
Assimi Goita | 24 August 2020 | 25 September 2020 | Military | — | |
|
|
Bah N'Daw | 25 September 2020 | 25 May 2021 | — | ||
| Moctar Ouan | 25 May 2021 | 25 May 2021 | ||||
| Souleymane Doucouré | 25 May 2021 | 25 May 2021 | ||||
| Assimi Goita | 25 May 2021 | 21 August 2021 | Military | |||
| Abdoulaye Maïga | 21 August 2021 | 21 August 2022 | ||||
| Assimi Goita | 21 August 2021 | 25 August 2021 | ||||
| Abdoulaye Diop | 25 August 2021 | 25 August 2021 | ||||
| Choguel Kokalla Maïga | 25 August 2021 | 25 August 2021 | ||||
| Assimi Goita | 25 August 2021 | |||||
List of first ladies
[edit]| # | First Lady
(maiden name) |
Portrait | Tenure begin | Tenure end | Head of state | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Maryam Diallo | 20 June 1960 | 19 November 1968 | Modibo Keïta | President Modibo Keïta, who was polygamous and had three wives, named his first wife, Mariam Travélé, as the official First Lady of Mali.[8] She was imprisoned by Moussa Traoré as a political prisoner from the 1968 Malian coup d'état, which overthrew her husband, until 1978.[8] | |
| 2 | Fatima Diallo | 19 November 1968 | 26 March 1991 | Moussa Traoré | ||
| 3 | Lobbo Traoré | 
|
26 March 1991 | 8 June 1992 | Amadou Toumani Touré | |
| 4 | Adame Ba Konaré | 8 June 1992 | 8 June 2002 | Alpha Oumar Konaré | Adame Ba Konaré is a professional historian and academic. | |
| (3) | Lobbo Traoré |
|
8 June 2002 | 22 March 2012 | Amadou Toumani Touré | |
| 5 | Unknown | 22 March 2012 | 12 April 2012 | Amadou Sanogo | ||
| 6 | Mintou Doucour[8] | 12 April 2012 | 4 September 2013 | Dioncounda Traoré | ||
| 7 | Keïta Aminata Maiga | 
|
4 September 2013 | 19 August 2020 | Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta | |
| 8 | Lala Diallo | August 19, 2020 | September 25, 2020 | Colonel Assimi Goïta | President Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta was overthrown in the 2020 Malian coup d'état. The country was ruled by a military junta called the National Committee for the Salvation of the People led by Colonel Assimi Goïta. His wife, Lala Diallo, made no public appearances during this brief period.[9] | |
| 9 | Married[10] | September 25, 2020 | May 24, 2021 | Bah Ndaw | Acting President Bah Ndaw refused to grant the title of First Lady to his wife during his brief, interim presidency.[10] Ndaw cited the need to keep his wife and other immediate family members out of public affairs during his transitional government.[10] President Ndaw was overthrown by his vice president, Colonel Assimi Goïta, in the 2021 Malian coup d'état on May 24, 2021. | |
| 10 | Lala Diallo | May 24, 2021 | President | Colonel Assimi Goïta | Lala Diallo made her first public appearance as first lady at Goïta's inauguration on June 7, 2021.[9] |
List of vice presidents of Mali
[edit]| Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Took office | Left office | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yoro Diakité 1st Vice President (1932–1973) |
19 November 1968 | March 1971 | Military (CMLN)[11] | |
| Amadou Baba Diarra 2nd Vice President (1933–2008) |
19 November 1968 | 1979 | Military (CMLN)[12][11][13] | |
| Seyba Traoré | March 2012 | April 2012 | Military (CNRDRE) | |
.jpg)
|
Malick Diaw (born 1979) |
19 August 2020 | 25 September 2020 | Military (CNSP)[14] |
.png)
|
Assimi Goïta (born 1983) |
25 September 2020 | 25 May 2021 | Military (CNSP)[15] |
List of Colonial Heads
[edit](Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)
| Term | Incumbent | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| French Suzerainty | ||
| 27 February 1880 to 29 July 1880 | Charles Émile Boilèv, Commandant-Superior | 1st Term |
| Haut-Sénégal (French territory of Upper Senegal) under Senegal | ||
| 6 September 1880 to 3 September 1883 | Gustave Borgnis-Desbordes, Commandant-Superior | |
| 3 September 1883 to 18 June 1884 | Charles Émile Boilève, Commandant-Superior | 2nd Term |
| 18 June 1884 to 4 September 1884 | Antoine Vincent Auguste Combes, acting Commandant-Superior | |
| 4 September 1884 to September 1885 | Antoine Vincent Auguste Combes, Commandant-Superior | |
| September 1885 to August 1886 | Henri Nicolas Frey, Commandant-Superior | |
| August 1886 to 10 September 1888 | Joseph Simon Galliéni, Commandant-Superior | |
| 10 September 1888 to 18 August 1890 | Louis Archinard, Commandant-Superior | 1st Term |
| French Sudan Territory | ||
| 18 August 1890 to 1891 | Louis Archinard, Commandant-Superior | 1st Term (contd.) |
| 1891 to 27 August 1892 | Pierre Maire Gustave Hubert, Commandant-Superior | |
| separate colony | ||
| 27 August 1892 to 2 August 1893 | Louis Archinard, Commandant-Superior | 2nd Term |
| 2 August 1893 to 26 December 1893 | Eugène Bonnier, acting Commandant-Superior | |
| 26 December 1893 to 16 June 1895 | Louis Albert Grodet, Governor | |
| Incorporated into French West Africa | ||
| 16 June 1895 to 1898 | Louis Edgard de Trentinian, Governor | |
| 1898 to 17 October 1899 | Marie Michel Alexandre René Audéoud, acting Governor | |
| Dissolution of French Sudan | ||
| 17 October 1899 to 10 October 1902 | William Merlaud-Ponty, Delegate | |
| Senegambia and Niger Colony | ||
| 10 October 1902 to 18 October 1904 | William Merlaud-Ponty, Delegate | |
| Haut-Sénégal-Niger (Upper Senegal and Niger) | ||
| 18 October 1904 to 20 October 1904 | William Merlaud-Ponty, Delegate | |
| 20 October 1904 to 18 February 1908 | William Merlaud-Ponty, Lieutenant-Governor | |
| 18 February 1908 to 16 June 1915 | François Joseph Clozel, Lieutenant-Governor | |
| 16 June 1915 to 1 July 1915 | Philippe Henry, acting Lieutenant-Governor | |
| 1 July 1915 to 28 July 1916 | Louis Digue, acting Lieutenant-Governor | |
| 28 July 1916 to 20 April 1917 | Raphaël Antonetti, acting Lieutenant-Governor | |
| 20 April 1917 to 21 May 1917 | Albert Nebout, acting Lieutenant-Governor | |
| 21 May 1917 to 20 February 1918 | Louis Periquet, acting Lieutenant-Governor | |
| 20 February 1918 to 16 May 1919 | Auguste Brunet, Lieutenant-Governor | |
| 16 May 1919 to 4 December 1920 | Marcel Achille Olivier, Lieutenant-Governor | |
| French Sudan | ||
| 4 December 1920 to 21 August 1921 | Marcel Achille Olivier, Lieutenant-Governor | |
| 21 August 1921 to 26 February 1924 | Jean Henri Terrasson de Fougères, acting Governor | |
| 26 February 1924 to 31 December 1930 | Jean Henri Terrasson de Fougères, Governor | |
| 31 December 1930 to 4 April 1931 | Joseph Urbain Court, acting Governor | |
| 4 April 1931 to 11 June 1931 | Gabriel Omar Descemet, acting Governor | |
| 11 June 1931 to 31 March 1933 | Louis Jacques Eugène Fousset, acting Governor | 1st Term |
| 31 March 1933 to 22 May 1933 | René Desjardins, acting Governor | |
| 22 May 1933 to 30 November 1933 | Léon Solomiac, acting Governor | |
| 30 November 1933 to 19 February 1935 | Louis Jacques Eugène Fousset, Governor | 2nd Term |
| 19 February 1935 to 22 November 1935 | Félix Sylvestre Adolphe Éboué, acting Governor | |
| 22 November 1935 to 9 November 1936 | Matteo-Mathieu-Maurice Alfassa, Governor | |
| 9 November 1936 to 4 December 1936 | Ferdinand Jacques Louis Rougier, acting Governor | |
| 4 December 1936 to 28 March 1938 | Ferdinand Jacques Louis Rougier, Governor | |
| 28 March 1938 to 15 November 1940 | Jean Desanti, acting Governor | |
| 15 November 1940 to 17 April 1942 | Jean Desanti, Governor | |
| 17 April 1942 to 29 December 1942 | Auguste Calvel, acting Governor | |
| 29 December 1942 to 15 May 1946 | Auguste Calvel, Governor | |
| 15 May 1946 to 27 October 1946 | Edmond Louveau, Governor | |
| French Sudan | French overseas territory | |
| 27 October 1946 to April 1952 | Edmond Louveau, Governor | |
| April 1952 to 10 July 1952 | Camille Victor Bailly, Governor | |
| 10 July 1952 to 23 February 1953 | Salvador Jean Etchéber, acting Governor | |
| 23 February 1953 to 2 December 1953 | Albert Jean Mouragues, Governor | |
| 2 December 1953 to 10 February 1954 | Lucien Eugène Geay, acting Governor | |
| 10 February 1954 to 3 November 1956 | Lucien Eugène Geay, Governor | |
| 3 November 1956 to 24 November 1958 | Henri Victor Gipoulon, High Commissioner | |
| Sudanese Republic | autonomous | |
| 24 November 1958 to 4 April 1959 | Jean Charles Sicurani, High Commissioner | |
| Mali Federation | union of Sudanese Republic and Senegal | |
| 4 April 1959 to 20 June 1960 | Jean Charles Sicurani, High Commissioner | |
| 20 June 1960 | Independence as Mali Federation | |
For continuation after independence, see: Heads of State of Mali
See also
[edit]- Politics of Mali
- List of heads of state of Mali
- Vice President of Mali
- First Lady of Mali
- List of colonial governors of Mali
References
[edit]- ^ Jansen, Jan. “In Defense of Mali's Gold: The Political and Military Organization of the Northern Upper Niger, c. 1650–c. 1850.” Journal of West African History, vol. 1, no. 1, 2015, pp. 1–36. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.14321/jwestafrihist.1.1.0001. Accessed 20 Oct. 2024.
- ^ Fauvelle, Francois-Xavier (2022). Les masques et la mosquée - L’empire du Mâli XIIIe XIVe siècle. Paris: CNRS Editions. ISBN 2271143713.
- ^ Afua Hirsch (22 March 2012). "Mali rebels claim to have ousted regime in coup". The Guardian. UK. Retrieved 24 March 2012.
- ^ Kelly, Jeremy (18 August 2020). "Mali PM and president under arrest, claim army mutineers". The Times. Retrieved 18 August 2020.
- ^ "Mali's Keita resigns as president after military coup". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2020-08-19.
- ^ "Mali: President, prime minister arrested in 'attempted coup'". Deutsche Welle. 25 May 2021. Retrieved 25 May 2021.
- ^ "Mali's president, prime minister resign after arrests by military". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2021-05-26.
- ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference
maliactuwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Coulibaly, Justin (2021-08-06). "Epouse du colonel Assimi Goïta, Lala Diallo enflamme la Toile". Afrik.com. Archived from the original on 2021-06-08. Retrieved 2021-07-21.
- ^ a b c Haidara, A.B. (2020-12-11). "Pour une gestion transparente de la transition: Bah N'Daw refuse le statut de la 1ère Dame pour son épouse Il renonce à 50 millions Fcfa de son fonds au profit de Assimi Goïta". Maliweb.infos. Archived from the original on 2020-12-30. Retrieved 2021-07-21.
- ^ a b Imperato, Pascal James (1996). Historical dictionary of Mali (3. ed.). Lanham, Md: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810831285.
- ^ Chiefs of State and Cabinet members of foreign governments / National Foreign Assessment Center. 1973July-Dec. 2003 – via HathiTrust.
- ^ Chiefs of State and Cabinet members of foreign governments / National Foreign Assessment Center. 1979Jan-June. 2003. hdl:2027/osu.32435024019952 – via HathiTrust.
- ^ "URGENT ! LA JUNTE MILITAIRE OFFICIALISE LE PRÉSIDENT DE LA RÉPUBLIQUE DU MALI | Coups Francs". August 28, 2020.
- ^ "Bah Ndaw named Mali's interim president". Bah Ndaw named Mali's interim president.