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List of octodontids

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Common degu (Octodon degus)

Octodontidae is a family of small rodents restricted to southwestern South America. A member of this family is called an octodontid. Octodontids are medium-sized rodents, ranging from 12 to 20 centimetres (4.7 to 7.9 inches) in body length. They have long, silky fur, which is typically brownish in color and often paler on the underside. The name 'octodont' derives from the wear pattern of their teeth, which resembles a figure 8. Most are nocturnal, social, burrowing animals, though the degu is largely diurnal. They are herbivorous, eating tubers, bulbs, and cactuses.[1]

There are 14 extant ochotonid species contained within 7 genera: Aconaemys (Andean rock rats), Spalacopus, Octodon (typical degus), Octodontomys, Octomys, Pipanacoctomys, and Tympanoctomys.[2] Many extinct Octodontidae species have been discovered, with identification and classification of new discoveries still ongoing.[3]

Conventions

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IUCN Red List categories
Conservation status
 EX Extinct (0 species)
 EW Extinct in the wild (0 species)
 CR Critically Endangered (3 species)
 EN Endangered (0 species)
 VU Vulnerable (1 species)
 NT Near threatened (2 species)
 LC Least concern (5 species)
Other categories
 DD Data deficient (3 species)
 NE Not evaluated (0 species)

Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the ochotonid's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted. All extinct species or subspecies listed alongside extant species went extinct after 1500 CE, and are indicated by a dagger symbol "†".

Classification

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The family Octodontidae consists of fourteen extant species in seven genera which are divided into several extant subspecies. This does not include hybrid species or extinct prehistoric species. The cladogram below is based on that produced by Kelt et al., 2007.[4]

Family Octodontidae

Octodontidae  

Octodontids

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The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, as supported by both the IUCN and the American Society of Mammalogists.[5]

Main article: Octodontidae
Genus Aconaemys – Ameghino, 1891 – 3 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Chilean rock rat

Illustration of a rock rat

A. fuscus
(Waterhouse, 1842) 		Eastern Chile
Map of range 		Size: 135-187 mm[6]

Habitat: Forests

Diet: Roots and seeds[6] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[7]

Porter's rock rat


A. porteri
Thomas, 1917 		Size:

Habitat: Forest and rocky areas[8]

Diet: 		 DD 


Unknown Unknown[8]

Sage's rock rat


A. sagei
Pearson, 1984 		Central Chile
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat: Forest and rocky areas[9]

Diet: 		 DD 


Unknown Unknown[9]

Genus Spalacopus – Wagler, 1832 – 1 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Coruro

S. cyanus
(Molina, 1782)

Three subspecies[10]
  • S. c. cyanus
  • S. c. maulinus
  • S. c. poeppigii
Size:

Habitat: Forest, savanna and grassland[11]

Diet: 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[11]

Genus Octodon – Bennett, 1823 – 5 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Bridges's degu


O. bridgesii
Waterhouse, 1845 		Size:

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[12]

Diet: 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[12]

Common degu

A degu with a paw raised, viewed head-on

O. degus
(Molina, 1782) 		Central Chile
Map of range 		Size: 25-31 cm[13]

Habitat: Shrubland[14]

Diet: Grasses, shrubs, seeds[15] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[14]

Moon-toothed degu


O. lunatus
Osgood, 1943 		Size:

Habitat: Shrubland and rocky areas

Diet: 		 NT 


Unknown Population declining

Pacific degu


O. pacificus
R. Hutterer, 1994 		Mocha Island Size:

Habitat: Forest

Diet: 		 CR 


Unknown Population declining

Ricardo Ojeda's degu


O. ricardojeda
D’Elía, Teta, Verzi, Cadenillas & Patton, 2020 		Neuquén Province, Argentina and Araucanía Region, Chile Size:

Habitat: Wet forests and shrub steppe[16]

Diet: 		 NE 


Genus Octodontomys – Palmer, 1903 – 1 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Mountain degu

A degu obscured by sticks and grass

O. gliroides
(Gervais & d'Orbigny, 1844) 		Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady

Genus Octomys – Thomas, 1920 – 1 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Mountain viscacha rat


O. mimax
Thomas, 1920 		Size:

Habitat:

Diet:
Genus Tympanoctomys – Yepes, 1942 – 3 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Plains viscacha rat

A rat with a hairy tail against a smooth white backdrop

T. barrerae
(B. Lawrence, 1941) 		Western Argentina
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat: Shrubland[17]

Diet: 		 NT 


Unknown[17]

Kirchner's viscacha rat


T. kirchnerorum
Teta, Pardiñas, Sauthier & Gallardo, 2014 		Chubut Province, Argentina Size:

Habitat:

Diet:
Chalchalero viscacha rat


T. loschalchalerosorum
Mares, Braun, Barquez & Díaz, 2000 		Size: 14-16 cm[18]

Habitat: Wetlands and shrublands[19]

Diet: 		 CR 


Unknown Population declining[19]

Genus Pipanacoctomys – Mares, Braun, Barquez, & Díaz, 2000 – 1 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Golden viscacha rat


P. aureus
Mares, Braun, Barquez, & Díaz, 2000 		Size:

Habitat: Wetlands (inland)[20]

Diet: 		 CR 


Unknown Population declining[20]

References

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  1. ^ Ojeda 2016, pp. 536–541.
  2. ^ "Search: Taxonomy: Octodontidae - Family". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved December 24, 2024.
  3. ^ "Fossilworks: Octodontidae". Paleobiology Database. University of Wisconsin–Madison. Retrieved December 24, 2024.
  4. ^ Kelt, Douglas A.; Lessa, Enrique P.; Salazar-Bravo, Jorge (2007-07-31). "The Octodontidae Revisited". The Quintessential Naturalist: Honoring the Life and Legacy of Oliver P. Pearson. University of California Press. pp. 694–719. doi:10.1525/california/9780520098596.003.0019. ISBN 978-0-520-09859-6.
  5. ^ Woods, C.A.; Kilpatrick, C.W. (2005). "Family Octodontidae". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 1570–1573. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  6. ^ a b Eisenberg, John F.; Redford, Kent H. (1992). Mammals of the Neotropics, Volume 2: The Southern Cone: Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay. University of Chicago Press. p. 355. ISBN 978-0-226-70682-5.
  7. ^ Roach, N. (2016). "Aconaemys fuscus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T278A78318793. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T278A78318793.en. Retrieved 26 December 2024.
  8. ^ a b Roach, N. (2016). "Aconaemys porteri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T136331A22239645. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T136331A22239645.en. Retrieved 26 December 2024.
  9. ^ a b Roach, N. (2016). "Aconaemys sagei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T279A78318855. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T279A78318855.en. Retrieved 26 December 2024.
  10. ^ Woods, C.A.; Kilpatrick, C.W. (2005). "Infraorder Hystricognathi". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 1573. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  11. ^ a b Roach, N. (2016). "Spalacopus cyanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T20427A78323110. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T20427A78323110.en. Retrieved 26 December 2024.
  12. ^ a b Roach, N. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Octodon bridgesi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T15087A115124772. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T15087A78321197.en.
  13. ^ Woods, C.; Boraker, D. (21 November 1975), "Octodon degus" (PDF), Mammalian Species (67): 1–5, doi:10.2307/3503820, JSTOR 3503820, S2CID 253992625
  14. ^ a b Roach, N. (2016). "Octodon degus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T15088A78321302. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T15088A78321302.en. Retrieved 26 December 2024.
  15. ^ Bozinovic, F.; Gallardo, P.A.; Visser, G.H.; Cortés, A. (2003), "Seasonal acclimatization in water flux rate, urine osmolality and kidney water channels in free-living degus: Molecular mechanisms, physiological processes and ecological implications", J Exp Biol, 206 (Pt 17): 2959–2966, doi:10.1242/jeb.00509, PMID 12878664
  16. ^ D’Elía, Guillermo; Teta, Pablo; Verzi, Diego H; Cadenillas, Richard; Patton, James L (2020-12-10). "A new living species of degu, genus Octodon (Hystricomorpha: Octodontidae)". Journal of Mammalogy. 102 (1): 139–154. doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyaa143. ISSN 0022-2372.
  17. ^ a b Roach, N. (2016). "Tympanoctomys barrerae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22586A78323698. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T22586A78323698.en. Retrieved 26 December 2024.
  18. ^ Mares, M. A.; Braun, J. K.; Barquez, R. M.; Diaz, M. M. (2000). "Two new genera and species of halophytic desert mammals from isolated salt flats in Argentina" (PDF). Occ. Pap. Mus. Tex. Tech. Univ. 203 (1). Museum of Texas Tech University: 1–27. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2012-02-17. Retrieved 2024-12-26.
  19. ^ a b Roach, N. (2016). "Tympanoctomys loschalchalerosorum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T136714A78324608. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T136714A78324608.en. Retrieved 26 December 2024.
  20. ^ a b Roach, N. (2016). "Tympanoctomys aureus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T136557A78324400. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T136557A78324400.en.

Bibliography

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