List of Indian National Congress breakaway parties

Since India gained independence in 1947, the Indian National Congress (INC) has seen a number of splits and breakaway factions. Some of the breakaway organisations have survived as independent parties, some have become defunct, while others have merged with the parent party or other political parties.

List of breakaway parties

Year	Party	Leader	Region	Status
1915	Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha	Madan Mohan Malviya	National
1923	Swaraj Party	Chittaranjan Das, Motilal Nehru	Bengal Presidency	defunct merged with inc
1939	All India Forward Bloc^[1]	Sardul Singh Caveeshar Sheel Bhadra Yagee Subhas Chandra Bose	National	active
1951	Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party^[2]	Jivatram Kripalani	Madras State Vindhya Pradesh	defunct merged with Praja Socialist Party
1951	Hyderabad State Praja Party	Tanguturi Prakasam N. G. Ranga	Hyderabad State	defunct merged with Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party
1951	Saurashtra Khedut Sangh	Narsinhbhai Dadhaniya Ratibhai Ukabhai	Saurashtra State	defunct merged with Swatantra Party
1956	Indian National Democratic Congress^[3]	C. Rajagopalachari	Madras State	defunct merged with Swatantra Party
1959	Swatantra Party^[4]	C. Rajagopalachari N. G. Ranga	Bihar Rajasthan Gujarat Orissa	defunct merged with Bharatiya Kranti Dal
1964	Kerala Congress^[5]	K. M. George	Kerala	active as the original party has various factions, which have split off from it such as Kerala Congress (M), Kerala Congress (Jacob), Kerala Congress (B), Kerala Congress (Democratic), Kerala Congress (Skaria Thomas), Kerala Congress (Thomas), Kerala Congress (Nationalist)
1966	Orissa Jana Congress	Harekrushna Mahatab	Odisha	defunct merged with Janata Party
1967	Bangla Congress	Ajoy Mukherjee	West Bengal	defunct merged with INC
1967	Vishal Haryana Party	Birender Singh	Haryana	defunct merged with INC
1967	Bharatiya Kranti Dal^[6]^[7]	Charan Singh	Uttar Pradesh	defunct merged with Bharatiya Lok Dal
1968	Manipur Peoples Party^[8]	Mohammed Alimuddin	Manipur	active
1969	Indian National Congress (R)	Indira Gandhi	National	active recognized as the INC by the Election Commission (EC) after the 1971 general election. The party was allowed to call itself the Indian National Congress without any suffix and the EC also restored the frozen Congress symbol of two bullocks to it. But, Indira Gandhi's supporters preferred the “Calf and Cow” symbol it had adopted after the 1969 split and dropped the suffix “R”..^[9]
1969	Indian National Congress (Organisation)^[10]	K. Kamaraj	National	defunct merged with Janata Party
1969	Utkal Congress	Biju Patnaik	Odisha	defunct merged with Janata Party
1969	Telangana Praja Samithi	Marri Chenna Reddy	Andhra Pradesh	defunct merged with INC
1971	Biplobi Bangla Congress	Sukumar Roy	West Bengal	active part of the Left Front (West Bengal)
1977	Congress for Democracy^[11]	Jagjivan Ram	National	defunct merged with Janata party
1978	Indian National Congress (Indira)	Indira Gandhi	National	Recognised by the Election Commission as the INC in 1981
1979	Indian National Congress (Urs)	D. Devaraj Urs	Karnataka Maharashtra Goa	defunct become Indian National Congress (Socialist)
1980	Congress (A)	A. K. Antony	Kerala	defunct merged with INC
1981	Indian National Congress (Socialist)^[12]	Sharad Pawar	Karnataka Maharashtra Goa	defunct merged with INC
1981	Indian National Congress (Jagjivan)^[12]	Jagjivan Ram	Bihar	defunct
1984	Indian Congress (Socialist) - Sarat Chandra Sinha^[13]	Sarat Chandra Sinha	Assam	active Major faction of the party merged with Nationalist Congress Party. However a residual faction still exists in Kerala as a part of Left Front.
1986	Rashtriya Samajwadi Congress	Pranab Mukherjee	West Bengal	defunct merged with INC
1988	Thamizhaga Munnetra Munnani^[14]	Sivaji Ganesan	Tamil Nadu	defunct merged with Janata Dal
1990	Haryana Vikas Party	Bansi Lal	Haryana	defunct merged with INC in 2004
1994	All India Indira Congress (Tiwari)^[15]	Narayan Datt Tiwari Arjun Singh Natwar Singh Rangarajan Kumaramangalam	Uttar Pradesh	defunct merged with INC
1994	Karnataka Congress Party	Bangarappa	Karnataka	defunct merged with INC
1994	Tamizhaga Rajiv Congress	Vazhapadi Ramamurthy	Tamil Nadu	defunct merged with INC
1996	Karnataka Vikas Party	Bangarappa	Karnataka	defunct merged with INC
1996	Arunachal Congress	Gegong Apang	Arunachal Pradesh	defunct merged with INC
1996 2014	Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar)^[16]	G. K. Moopanar 1996-2001 G. K. Vasan (2014–present)	Tamil Nadu	active merged with INC in 2001 split again from INC in 2014
1996	Madhya Pradesh Vikas Congress	Madhavrao Scindia	Madhya Pradesh	defunct merged with INC
1997	Tamil Nadu Makkal Congress	Vazhapadi Ramamurthy	Tamil Nadu	defunct
1997	Himachal Vikas Congress	Sukh Ram	Himachal Pradesh	defunct merged with INC
1997	Manipur State Congress Party^[17]	Wahengbam Nipamacha Singh	Manipur	defunct merged with RJD
1998	All India Trinamool Congress	Mamata Banerjee	West Bengal	active left the alliance with INC
1998	Goa Rajiv Congress Party	Francis de Souza	Goa	defunct merged with Nationalist Congress Party
1998	Arunachal Congress (Mithi)	Mukut Mithi	Arunachal Pradesh	defunct merged with INC
1998	All India Indira Congress (Secular)^[18]	Sis Ram Ola	Rajasthan	defunct merged with INC
1998	Maharashtra Vikas Aghadi^[19]	Suresh Kalmadi	Maharashtra	defunct merged with INC
1999	Bharatiya Jan Congress	Jagannath Mishra	Bihar	defunct merged with Nationalist Congress Party
1999	Nationalist Congress Party	Sharad Pawar P.A. Sangma Tariq Anwar	Maharashtra Meghalaya Kerala	active alliance with INC.
1999	Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party	Mufti Mohammad Sayeed	Jammu and Kashmir	active
2000	Goa People's Congress	Francisco Sardinha	Goa	defunct merged with INC
2001	Congress Jananayaka Peravai	P. Chidambaram	Tamil Nadu	defunct formed as TMCJP, merged with inc
2001	Thondar Congress	Kumari Ananthan	Tamil Nadu	defunct merged with INC
2001	Pondicherry Makkal Congress	P. Kannan	Puducherry	defunct
2002	Vidarbha Janata Congress	Jambuwantrao Dhote	Maharashtra	active
2002	Indian National Congress (Sheik Hassan)	Sheik Hassan	Goa	defunct merged with Bharatiya Janata Party
2002	Gujarat Janata Congress	Chhabildas Mehta	Gujarat	defunct merged with NCP
2003	Congress (Dolo)	Kameng Dolo	Arunachal Pradesh	defunct merged with Bharatiya Janata Party
2003	Nagaland People's Front	Neiphiu Rio	Nagaland	active
2005	Pondicherry Munnetra Congress	P. Kannan	Puducherry	defunct merged with INC
2005	Democratic Indira Congress (Karunakaran)^[20]	K. Karunakaran	Kerala	defunct merged with Nationalist Congress Party and a large number of workers returned to the INC with K. Karunakaran later his son K. Muraleedharan also returned to INC
2007	Haryana Janhit Congress (BL)	Kuldeep Bishnoi	Haryana	merged with INC
2008	Pragatisheel Indira Congress (PIC)	Somendra Nath Mitra	West Bengal	defunct merged with All India Trinamool Congress
2011	Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party	Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy	Andhra Pradesh	active
2011	All India N.R Congress	N. Rangaswamy	Puducherry	active
2014	Jai Samaikyandhra Party	Nallari Kiran Kumar Reddy	Andhra pradesh	defunct merged with INC
2016	Chhattisgarh Janata Congress	Ajit Jogi	Chhattisgarh	active
2019	Makkal Munnetra Congress	P. Kannan	Puducherry	defunct
2021	Punjab Lok Congress	Captain Amarinder Singh	Punjab	defunct merged with Bharatiya Janata Party
2022	Democratic Azad Party	Gulam Nabi Azad	Jammu and Kashmir	active

References

^ Ghosh, Asok (ed.), A Short History of the All India Forward Bloc. Kolkata: Bengal Lokmat Printers Pvt Ltd., 2001. p. 55
^ Amit Mukherjee (3 April 2004). "The case of the missing socialists". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 21 October 2012. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
^ Bose, K.; Forward Bloc. Madras: 1988, Tamil Nadu Academy of Political Science. p. 94-95, 119, 175-184, 212
^ Rajmohan Gandhi. "Its tone being liberal as well as conservative, Swatantra reached out to moderate Hindus and non-Hindus in ways not available to the Jan Sangh". Rediff. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
^ "P. T. Chacko, Pullolil". Archived from the original on 11 April 2011. Retrieved 8 April 2011.
^ Harsh Singh Lohit. Charan Singh, A Brief Life History. Charan Singh Archives.
^ Wallace, Paul. India: The Dispersion of Political Power Paul Wallace, in Asian Survey, Vol. 8, No. 2, A Survey of Asia in 1967: Part II. (Feb., 1968), pp. 68. JSTOR 2642338
^ Ksh Kennedy Singh (25 January 2009). "The MPP and the People of Manipur". Manipuronline.com. Archived from the original on 13 May 2008. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
^ Mukharjee, Aditya. "Congress and the Making of the Indian Nation". Academic Foundation, New Delhi. Archived from the original on 7 December 2016. Retrieved 17 May 2014.
^ Chandra, Bipan & others (2000). India after Independence 1947-2000, New Delhi:Penguin Books, ISBN 0-14-027825-7, p.236
^ G. G. Mirchandani (2003). 320 Million Judges. Abhinav Publications. pp. 90–100. ISBN 81-7017-061-3.
^ ^a ^b Andersen, Walter K.. India in 1981: Stronger Political Authority and Social Tension, published in Asian Survey, Vol. 22, No. 2, A Survey of Asia in 1981: Part II (Feb., 1982), pp. 119-135
^ "Spotlight: Merger with NCP". The Tribune. 11 June 1999. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
^ Ashok Kumar (5 April 2006). "From MGR to Vijaykant, the film-politics nexus continues". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on 9 April 2006. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
^ Bhavdeep Kang (3 April 2004). "A Sleight Of Hand". Outlook India. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
^ T.S. Subramanian (15 September 2001). "Crusading Congressman". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 18 December 2001. Retrieved 25 October 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
^ Kalyan Chaudhuri (2 February 2002). "A fractured verdict in Manipur". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 28 July 2011. Retrieved 27 October 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
^ "MEMBERS OF XII LOK SABHA". Parliament of India. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2009.
^ "Pune set for triangular fight". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 5 April 2004. Archived from the original on 3 July 2004. Retrieved 12 November 2010.
^ "Karunakaran's party gets new name". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 1 September 2005. Archived from the original on 5 December 2005. Retrieved 25 October 2009.

https://eci.nic.in/eci_main/mis-Political_Parties/Constitution_of_Political_Parties/ConstitutionOfINC.pdf

External links

[1] Ghosh, Asok (ed.), A Short History of the All India Forward Bloc. Kolkata: Bengal Lokmat Printers Pvt Ltd., 2001. p. 55

[2] Amit Mukherjee (3 April 2004). "The case of the missing socialists". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 21 October 2012. Retrieved 25 October 2009.

[3] Bose, K.; Forward Bloc. Madras: 1988, Tamil Nadu Academy of Political Science. p. 94-95, 119, 175-184, 212

[4] Rajmohan Gandhi. "Its tone being liberal as well as conservative, Swatantra reached out to moderate Hindus and non-Hindus in ways not available to the Jan Sangh". Rediff. Retrieved 25 October 2009.

[5] "P. T. Chacko, Pullolil". Archived from the original on 11 April 2011. Retrieved 8 April 2011.

[charan-6] Harsh Singh Lohit. Charan Singh, A Brief Life History. Charan Singh Archives.

[7] Wallace, Paul. India: The Dispersion of Political Power Paul Wallace, in Asian Survey, Vol. 8, No. 2, A Survey of Asia in 1967: Part II. (Feb., 1968), pp. 68. JSTOR 2642338

[8] Ksh Kennedy Singh (25 January 2009). "The MPP and the People of Manipur". Manipuronline.com. Archived from the original on 13 May 2008. Retrieved 25 October 2009.

[9] Mukharjee, Aditya. "Congress and the Making of the Indian Nation". Academic Foundation, New Delhi. Archived from the original on 7 December 2016. Retrieved 17 May 2014.

[10] Chandra, Bipan & others (2000). India after Independence 1947-2000, New Delhi:Penguin Books, ISBN 0-14-027825-7, p.236

[11] G. G. Mirchandani (2003). 320 Million Judges. Abhinav Publications. pp. 90–100. ISBN 81-7017-061-3.

[tension-12] Andersen, Walter K.. India in 1981: Stronger Political Authority and Social Tension, published in Asian Survey, Vol. 22, No. 2, A Survey of Asia in 1981: Part II (Feb., 1982), pp. 119-135

[13] "Spotlight: Merger with NCP". The Tribune. 11 June 1999. Retrieved 25 October 2009.

[14] Ashok Kumar (5 April 2006). "From MGR to Vijaykant, the film-politics nexus continues". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on 9 April 2006. Retrieved 25 October 2009.

[15] Bhavdeep Kang (3 April 2004). "A Sleight Of Hand". Outlook India. Retrieved 25 October 2009.

[16] T.S. Subramanian (15 September 2001). "Crusading Congressman". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 18 December 2001. Retrieved 25 October 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)

[17] Kalyan Chaudhuri (2 February 2002). "A fractured verdict in Manipur". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 28 July 2011. Retrieved 27 October 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)

[18] "MEMBERS OF XII LOK SABHA". Parliament of India. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2009.

[19] "Pune set for triangular fight". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 5 April 2004. Archived from the original on 3 July 2004. Retrieved 12 November 2010.

[20] "Karunakaran's party gets new name". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 1 September 2005. Archived from the original on 5 December 2005. Retrieved 25 October 2009.

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