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List of Category 1 Pacific hurricanes

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Hurricane Hone at peak intensity on August 25, 2024. Hone is the most recent Category 1 hurricane in the Pacific.

Category 1 is the lowest classification on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale, and categorizes tropical cyclones with 1-minute maximum sustained winds between 64 and 82 knots (74 and 94 mph; 119 and 152 km/h; 33 and 42 m/s). Tropical cyclones that attain such winds and move over land while maintaining those winds are capable of causing minor to moderate damage to human lives and infrastructure. As of 2021, a total of 242 hurricanes have peaked at Category 1 strength within the Northeast Pacific tropical cyclone basin, which is denoted as the part of the Pacific Ocean north of the equator and east of the International Date Line. Collectively, Category 1 hurricanes have killed at least 912 people. This does not include storms that also attained Category 2, 3, 4, or 5 status on the scale.

A combination of many factors serve to influence the development of tropical cyclones in the Northeastern Pacific basin. During the winter and early spring months from December to April, a high-pressure area known as the North Pacific High and a low-pressure area known as the Aleutian Low are present over the Northeastern Pacific, producing strong upper-level winds which inhibit tropical cyclone formation. During the late spring, summer, and fall months from May to November, these effects are reduced or may even vanish altogether, while sea surface temperatures are warm enough to support the development, perhaps even rapid, of tropical cyclones. The El Niño–Southern Oscillation plays a major role in the strength of trade winds and the sea surface temperatures in the tropical Pacific. During El Niño events, trade winds are weaker and sea surface temperatures are warmer, allowing for the development of more cyclones as well as more intense hurricanes, while the effects of La Niña are the opposite.

Background

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Map plotting the track of all known Category 1 Pacific hurricanes from 1949 to 2018 in the central and eastern Pacific basins according to the Saffir-Simpson scale
Tracks of all known Category 1 Pacific hurricanes from 1949 to 2018 in the central and eastern Pacific basins

On the Saffir–Simpson scale, a hurricane reaches Category 1 status when it attains maximum sustained winds of between 64 and 82 knots (74 and 94 mph; 119 and 152 km/h; 33 and 42 m/s).[1] The National Hurricane Center (NHC) takes sustained winds to be the average wind speed measured over the period of one minute at the height of 10 metres (33 ft) above the ground.[2] Should a Category 1 hurricane make landfall, its strongest winds can cause moderate damage to human infrastructure, especially to older buildings.[1]

The Northeast Pacific tropical cyclone basin is defined as the region of the Pacific Ocean north of the equator and east of the International Date Line. The Northeast Pacific is further divided into two sub-basins, namely the east and central Pacific. The east Pacific runs east of the 140th meridian west, and tropical cyclones occurring there are warned upon by the National Hurricane Center, the current Regional Specialized Meteorological Center (RSMC) for that area. The central Pacific, running from the 140th meridian west to the International Date Line, currently has the Central Pacific Hurricane Center as its RSMC.[3] Tropical cyclones are generally much rarer in the central Pacific than in the east Pacific, with an average of just four to five storms forming or moving into the central Pacific compared to around 15 for the east Pacific.[4][5] All tropical cyclones recorded by past and present RSMCs of the Northeast Pacific basin since 1949 are listed in the Northeast and North Central Pacific hurricane database (HURDAT), which is compiled and maintained by the National Hurricane Center.[6][7]

Before 1970, tropical cyclones within the Northeast Pacific were classified into three categories: tropical depression, tropical storm, and hurricane; these were assigned intensities of 30 mph (48 km/h), 50 mph (80 km/h), and 85 mph (137 km/h) respectively. Exceptions to these rules would be storms that affected humans and as such humans were able to measure or estimate wind speeds or pressure data.[6]

Climatology

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Satellite image of Hurricane Manuel (2013), the costliest tropical cyclone on record in the Northeastern Pacific, making landfall in northwestern Mexico
Hurricane Manuel of 2013, the second costliest tropical cyclone on record in the Northeastern Pacific

In the east Pacific and central Pacific sub-basins, hurricane season begins on May 15 and June 1, respectively, with both concluding on November 30.[8] Since 1949, a total of 242 Category 1 hurricanes have developed in the Northeast Pacific basin. Only two have occurred in the off-season: Nina (1957) and Winnie (1983). In addition to those, seven systems have been at Category 1 intensity in May, 31 in June, 47 in July, 57 in August, 70 in September, 37 in October, and seven in November.[7]

The majority of tropical cyclones form and organize in areas of warm sea surface temperatures, usually of at least 26.5 °C (79.7 °F) and low vertical wind shear; however, there are outliers to this general rule, such as storms that manage to intensify despite high amounts of vertical wind shear. When a pre-existing tropical disturbance – usually a tropical wave or a disturbance originating in the Intertropical Convergence Zone – enters an area where the aforementioned conditions are present, the disturbance can develop into a tropical cyclone, provided it is far enough from the equator to experience a sufficiently strong Coriolis force, which causes the counterclockwise rotation of hurricanes in the Northern Hemisphere.[9] Between the months of December and April, sea surface temperatures in the tropics, where most Northeast Pacific tropical cyclones develop, are usually too low to support significant development. Also, the presence of a semi-permanent high-pressure area known as the North Pacific High in the eastern Pacific greatly reduces tropical cyclone development in the winter months, as the North Pacific High results in vertical wind shear that causes environmental conditions to be unconducive to tropical cyclone formation. Another factor preventing tropical cyclones from forming during the winter is the presence of a semi-permanent low-pressure area called the Aleutian Low between January and April. Its effects in the central Pacific near the 160th meridian west cause tropical waves that form in the area to move northward into the Gulf of Alaska. As the disturbances travel northward, they dissipate or transition into an extratropical cyclone. The Aleutian Low's retreat in late April allows the warmth of the Pacific High to meander in, bringing its powerful clockwise wind circulation with it. During the month of May, the Intertropical Convergence Zone migrates southward while vertical shear over the tropics decrease. As a result, the earliest tropical waves begin to form,[10] coinciding with the start of the eastern Pacific hurricane season on May 15.[8] During summer and early fall, sea surface temperatures rise further, reaching 29 °C (84 °F) in July and August, well above the 26.5 °C (79.7 °F) threshold for the formation and intensification of tropical cyclones. This allows for tropical cyclones developing during that time to strengthen significantly, perhaps even rapidly.[10]

The El Niño-Southern Oscillation also influences the frequency and intensity of hurricanes in the Northeast Pacific basin. During El Niño events, sea surface temperatures increase in the Northeast Pacific and vertical wind shear decreases. Because of this, an increase in tropical cyclone activity occurs; the opposite happens in the Atlantic basin during El Niño, where increased wind shear creates an unfavorable environment for tropical cyclone formation.[11] Contrary to El Niño, La Niña events increase wind shear and decreases sea surface temperatures over the eastern Pacific, while reducing wind shear and increasing sea surface temperatures over the Atlantic.[10]

Within the Northeast Pacific, the easterly trade winds cause tropical cyclones to generally move westward out into the open Pacific Ocean. Only rarely do tropical cyclones forming during the peak months of the season make landfall. Closer to the end of the season, the subtropical ridge steers some storms northwards or northeastwards. Storms influenced by this ridge may bring impacts to the western coasts of Mexico and occasionally even Central America. In the central Pacific basin, the North Pacific High keeps tropical cyclones away from the Hawaiian Islands by forcing them southwards.[10] Combined with cooler waters around the Hawaiian Islands that tend to weaken tropical cyclones that approach them, this makes direct impacts on the Hawaiian Islands by tropical cyclones rare.[12]

Systems

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Key
  • † Discontinuous duration (weakened below Category 1 then restrengthened to that classification at least once)
  • ‡ Intensified past Category 1 intensity after exiting basin
  • # Storm made landfall, see below for further information
  • § Pressure listed was not at peak intensity[nb 1]
Name Dates as a
Category 1 hurricane[nb 2] 		Duration
(hours) 		Sustained
wind speeds 		Pressure Areas affected Deaths Damage
(USD)[nb 3] 		Refs
Four September 9–11, 1949 54 85 mph (140 km/h) Un­known Baja California Peninsula# — Un­known [7]
Six September 29, 1949 12 85 mph (140 km/h) Un­known Socorro Island — — [7]
One June 14–19, 1950 126 85 mph (140 km/h) Un­known Southwestern Mexico — — [7]
Two July 3–6, 1950 78 85 mph (140 km/h) Un­known Southwestern Mexico, Baja California — — [7]
Three July 9–12, 1950 78 85 mph (140 km/h) Un­known None — — [7]
Hiki August 16–19, 1950 90 85 mph (140 km/h) 982 hPa (29.00 inHg) Hawaii 1 $200 thousand [7][15]
Six August 26–30, 1950 102 85 mph (140 km/h) Un­known None — — [7]
Seven October 1–3, 1950 54 85 mph (140 km/h) Un­known None — — [7]
Two June 1–2, 1951 30 85 mph (140 km/h) Un­known Southern Mexico# — Un­known [7]
Eight September 23–28, 1951 126 85 mph (140 km/h) Un­known None — — [7]
Four July 24–27, 1952 78 85 mph (140 km/h) Un­known None — — [7]
Five September 15–20, 1952 126 85 mph (140 km/h) Un­known Baja California, California — — [7]
Seven October 13–15, 1952 54 85 mph (140 km/h) Un­known None — — [7]
Three September 14–17, 1953 78 85 mph (140 km/h) 982 hPa (29.00 inHg) Baja California Sur, Western Mexico — — [7]
Four October 2–8, 1953 150 85 mph (140 km/h) 991 hPa (29.26 inHg) Southwestern Mexico — — [7]
Three July 12–17, 1954 138 85 mph (140 km/h) Un­known Baja California, California, Arizona# — Un­known [7]
Four July 25 – August 1, 1954 186 85 mph (140 km/h) Un­known None — — [7]
Nine September 27 – October 1, 1954 102 85 mph (140 km/h) Un­known Southwestern Mexico — — [7]
Eleven October 26 – November 1, 1954 150 85 mph (140 km/h) Un­known Guatemala, Southern Mexico — — [7]
One June 6–8, 1955 66 85 mph (140 km/h) 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) None — — [7]
Six October 15–16, 1955 30 85 mph (140 km/h) 999 hPa (29.50 inHg)§ Southwestern Mexico# — Un­known [7]
One May 18–19, 1956 30 85 mph (140 km/h) 979 hPa (28.91 inHg) None — — [7]
Three June 9, 1956 18 85 mph (140 km/h) 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) Southwestern Mexico — — [7]
Four June 12–14, 1956 42 85 mph (140 km/h) 984 hPa (29.06 inHg) Southern Mexico# — Un­known [7]
Five July 9–12, 1956 78 85 mph (140 km/h) 999 hPa (29.50 inHg)§ None — — [7]
Seven August 22–25, 1956 72† 85 mph (140 km/h) 997 hPa (29.44 inHg)§ None — — [7]
Nine September 4–6, 1956 66 85 mph (140 km/h) 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) None — — [7]
Ten September 12–17, 1956 114 85 mph (140 km/h) 986 hPa (29.12 inHg) Southwestern Mexico — — [7]
Kanoa July 15–26, 1957 270 85 mph (140 km/h) 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) Hawaii — — [16]
Three August 9–15, 1957 162 85 mph (140 km/h) 972 hPa (28.70 inHg) None — — [7]
Della September 4–9, 1957 132 85 mph (140 km/h)‡ 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) Hawaii — — [16]
Six September 17–18, 1957 48 85 mph (140 km/h) 984 hPa (29.06 inHg) Southern Mexico# 7 Un­known [7][17]
Ten October 1–5, 1957 102 85 mph (140 km/h) 996 hPa (29.41 inHg)§ Baja California Peninsula, Western Mexico 2 Un­known [7][18]
Eleven October 17–20, 1957 66 85 mph (140 km/h) 986 hPa (29.12 inHg) Southwestern Mexico — — [7]
Nina November 30 – December 5, 1957 144 85 mph (140 km/h) < 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg)§ Hawaii 4 $100 thousand [16][19][20]
One June 6–15, 1958 216† 85 mph (140 km/h) 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) Baja California Sur, Southwestern Mexico — — [7]
Three July 19–21, 1958 66 85 mph (140 km/h) 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg)§ None — — [7]
Four July 21–25, 1958 102 85 mph (140 km/h) 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg)§ None — — [7]
June September 20, 1958 12 75 mph (120 km/h) 963 hPa (28.44 inHg) None — — [7]
Eleven September 30 – October 5, 1958 126 85 mph (140 km/h) 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) Baja California Peninsula, Western Mexico, New Mexico# — Un­known [7]
Ten September 4–11, 1959 174 85 mph (140 km/h) 987 hPa (29.15 inHg) Southwestern Mexico, Baja California Peninsula, California# — Un­known [7]
Twelve September 21–26, 1959 114 85 mph (140 km/h) 967 hPa (28.56 inHg) None — — [7]
Celeste July 20–22, 1960 60 85 mph (140 km/h) 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) Southwest Mexico — — [7]
Diana August 17–20, 1960 84† 85 mph (140 km/h) 987 hPa (29.15 inHg)§ Western Mexico, Baja California — — [7]
Estelle August 29 – September 9, 1960 282 85 mph (140 km/h) 977 hPa (28.85 inHg) Guatemala, Southern Mexico, Southern California — — [7]
Fernanda September 3–8, 1960 138 85 mph (140 km/h) 999 hPa (29.50 inHg)§ Guatemala, Southwestern Mexico — — [7]
Gwen October 4–5, 1960 Un­known 85 mph (140 km/h) 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg)§ None — — [21]
Hyacinth October 21–23, 1960 42 85 mph (140 km/h) 989 hPa (29.21 inHg) Southwestern Mexico# — Un­known [7]
Iva June 9–11, 1961 42 85 mph (140 km/h) 984 hPa (29.06 inHg) Southern Mexico# — Un­known [7]
Tara November 10–12, 1961 66 85 mph (140 km/h) 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) Southern Mexico# 436 $16 million [7][22][23][24]
Valerie June 24–25, 1962 54 85 mph (140 km/h) 1003 hPa (29.62 inHg)§ Southwestern Mexico# — Un­known [7]
Doreen October 1–4, 1962 90 85 mph (140 km/h) 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) Baja California Sur, Western Mexico, New Mexico, Arizona, West Texas# — Un­known [7]
Emily June 29–30, 1963 42 85 mph (140 km/h) 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) Southern Mexico# — Un­known [7]
Florence July 14–17, 1963 78 85 mph (140 km/h) 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) None — — [7]
Glenda July 19–21, 1963 54 85 mph (140 km/h) 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) None — — [7]
Mona October 17–19, 1963 42 85 mph (140 km/h) 961 hPa (28.38 inHg) Western Mexico# — Un­known [7]
Emily August 31 – September 1, 1965 24 90 mph (150 km/h) 983 hPa (29.03 inHg) Baja California# — Un­known [7]
Adele June 23–24, 1966 30 85 mph (140 km/h) 982 hPa (29.00 inHg) Southern Mexico# — Extensive [7][25]
Blanca August 5, 1966 18 85 mph (140 km/h) 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) None — — [7]
Connie August 13–15, 1966 54 85 mph (140 km/h) 981 hPa (28.97 inHg) Hawaii — — [7]
Dolores August 18–19, 1966 24 85 mph (140 km/h) 981 hPa (28.97 inHg) None — — [7]
Eileen August 26–27, 1966 36 85 mph (140 km/h) 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) None — — [7]
Francesca September 6–9, 1966 72 85 mph (140 km/h) 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) California — — [7]
Helga September 12–14, 1966 36 85 mph (140 km/h) 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) Baja California, California, Western Mexico# 1 Un­known [7][26]
Carlotta June 24–25, 1967 42 85 mph (140 km/h) Un­known Western Mexico — — [7]
Jewel August 19, 1967 24 85 mph (140 km/h) 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) None — — [7]
Katrina August 31 – September 2, 1967 60 85 mph (140 km/h) Un­known Baja California, Western Mexico, Arizona# 1 Extensive [7][27]
Lily September 6–9, 1967 78 85 mph (140 km/h) 981 hPa (28.97 inHg) None — — [7]
Priscilla October 16–18, 1967 54 85 mph (140 km/h) Un­known None — — [7]
Fernanda August 8–9, 1968 36 85 mph (140 km/h) 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg)§ None — — [7]
Joanne August 24–25, 1968 36 85 mph (140 km/h) 986 hPa (29.12 inHg) None — — [7]
Liza August 29 – September 2, 1968 84 85 mph (140 km/h) 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) California — $5 thousand [7][28]
Naomi September 11–13, 1968 36 85 mph (140 km/h) 979 hPa (28.91 inHg) Mexico, Texas# 4 $16 million [7][29]
Pauline September 30 – October 2, 1968 48 85 mph (140 km/h) 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) Mexico, Southwestern United States# 5 — [7][30]
Rebecca October 8–9, 1968 18 85 mph (140 km/h) 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) Mexico — — [7]
Bernice July 12–14, 1969 48 85 mph (140 km/h) 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) None — — [7]
Doreen August 5–6, 1969 30 85 mph (140 km/h) 993 hPa (29.32 inHg) None — — [7]
Glenda September 10, 1969 6 75 mph (120 km/h) 993 hPa (29.32 inHg) Mexico — — [7]
Jeniffer October 10–11, 1969 42 75 mph (120 km/h) 991 hPa (29.26 inHg) Western Mexico# 1 Extensive [7][31]
Adele June 1–3, 1970 72 85 mph (140 km/h) 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) None — — [7]
Dot September 3, 1970 12 80 mph (130 km/h) 993 hPa (29.32 inHg) None — — [7]
Carlotta July 3–4, 1971 24 85 mph (140 km/h) 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) None — — [7]
Lily August 30–31, 1971 24 85 mph (140 km/h) 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) Southwestern Mexico# 12–14 Un­known [7][32][33]
Annette June 4–5, 1972 24 85 mph (140 km/h) 993 hPa (29.32 inHg) Southwestern Mexico# — — [7]
Estelle August 19, 1972 24 80 mph (130 km/h) 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg)§ None — — [7]
Ruby November 14, 1972‡ 6 80 mph (130 km/h) Un­known None — — [7]
Florence July 29, 1973 18 90 mph (150 km/h) 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) None — — [7]
Lillian October 7–9, 1973 30 85 mph (140 km/h) 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) None — — [7]
Dolores June 16, 1974 24 80 mph (130 km/h) 973 hPa (28.73 inHg) Southwestern Mexico# 18–28 $4 million [7][34][35][36]
Francesca July 18–19, 1974 18 75 mph (120 km/h) 973 hPa (28.73 inHg) None — — [7]
Joyce August 24–25, 1974 36 85 mph (140 km/h) 973 hPa (28.73 inHg) None — — [7]
Kirsten August 23–25, 1974 42 85 mph (140 km/h) 973 hPa (28.73 inHg) None — — [7]
Norma September 10, 1974 6 75 mph (120 km/h) 978 hPa (28.88 inHg) Southwestern Mexico# 3 — [7][37]
Patricia October 7–11, 1974 90 90 mph (150 km/h) 964 hPa (28.47 inHg) None — — [7]
Agatha June 4, 1975 12 80 mph (130 km/h) 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg)§ Southwestern Mexico — Un­known [7]
Jewel August 27, 1975 6 75 mph (120 km/h) Un­known None — — [7]
Twelve September 4–5, 1975 18 75 mph (120 km/h) 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) British Columbia, Yukon, Alaska, Washington, Oregon — — [7]
Lily September 18–20, 1975 48 85 mph (140 km/h) Un­known Socorro Island — — [7]
Bonnie June 27, 1976 18 75 mph (120 km/h) 987 hPa (29.15 inHg) None — — [38]
Kathleen September 10, 1976 6 80 mph (130 km/h) 986 hPa (29.12 inHg) Baja California Peninsula, Southern California, Arizona, Nevada# 12 $160 million [38][39][40][41][42]
Claudia July 4, 1977 18 90 mph (150 km/h) Un­known None — — [43]
Doreen August 14–16, 1977 36 75 mph (120 km/h) 979 hPa (28.91 inHg) Mexico, Southwestern United States# 8 $25 million [43][44]
Heather October 5–6, 1977 36 85 mph (140 km/h) 978 hPa (28.88 inHg) Baja California Peninsula, Arizona — $14.6 million [43][45]
Aletta May 31, 1978 6 75 mph (120 km/h) Un­known Southwestern Mexico# — Un­known [46]
Iva August 13, 1978 18 75 mph (120 km/h) Un­known Hawaii — — [46]
Miriam August 28–29, 1978 24 90 mph (150 km/h) Un­known None — — [46]
Olivia September 22, 1978 18 75 mph (120 km/h) Un­known Central America# Un­known Un­known [46]
Rosa October 4–5, 1978 42 85 mph (140 km/h) Un­known Baja California Sur — — [46]
Guillermo September 11–12, 1979 12 75 mph (120 km/h) 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) None — — [47]
Celia June 26–28, 1980 48 75 mph (120 km/h) Un­known None — — [48]
Georgette July 29, 1980 6 75 mph (120 km/h) Un­known None — — [48]
Beatriz June 30 – July 3, 1981 60 85 mph (140 km/h) Un­known None — — [49]
Dora July 13–15, 1981 66 90 mph (150 km/h) 979 hPa (28.91 inHg) None — — [49]
Greg August 20, 1981 12 75 mph (120 km/h) Un­known None — — [49]
Hilary August 25–26, 1981 30 85 mph (140 km/h) Un­known Socorro Island — — [49]
Jova September 15–18, 1981 66 85 mph (140 km/h) Un­known Hawaii — — [49]
Otis October 26–29, 1981 72 85 mph (140 km/h) Un­known Southwestern Mexico# — — [49]
Fabio July 19–20, 1982 72 80 mph (130 km/h) Un­known None — — [50]
Hector July 30–31, 1982 30 75 mph (120 km/h) Un­known None — — [50]
Kristy August 10–15, 1982† 60 90 mph (150 km/h) 982 hPa (29.00 inHg) None — — [50]
Miriam August 31 – September 4, 1982 96 85 mph (140 km/h) Un­known None — — [50]
Iwa November 23–24, 1982 42 90 mph (150 km/h) 968 hPa (28.59 inHg) Hawaii 4 $312 million [51][52][53][54]
Gil July 26–29, 1983 78 90 mph (150 km/h) Un­known Hawaii 1 Minimal [51][55]
Winnie December 6, 1983 24 90 mph (150 km/h) Un­known Southwestern Mexico — — [51]
Boris May 30, 1984 6 75 mph (120 km/h) Un­known None — — [56]
Lowell August 27–29, 1984 36 85 mph (140 km/h) Un­known None — — [56]
Marie September 7–9, 1984 60 90 mph (150 km/h) Un­known None — — [56]
Marty August 9, 1985 18 75 mph (120 km/h) Un­known None — — [57]
Olaf August 26–28, 1985 54 85 mph (140 km/h) Un­known None — — [57]
Pauline September 4–8, 1985 96 85 mph (140 km/h) Un­known None — — [57]
Nele October 25–30, 1985 114 90 mph (150 km/h) 982 hPa (29.00 inHg) Hawaii — — [57]
Agatha May 26, 1986 18 75 mph (120 km/h) Un­known Southwestern Mexico — — [58]
Celia June 27–29, 1986 42 85 mph (140 km/h) Un­known None — — [58]
Frank July 30 – August 1, 1986 60 85 mph (140 km/h) Un­known None — — [58]
Newton September 21–23, 1986 66 85 mph (140 km/h) 982 hPa (29.00 inHg) Baja California Sur, Southwestern Mexico# — Minimal [58]
Orlene September 22–23, 1986 42 80 mph (130 km/h) Un­known None — — [58]
Greg July 31 – August 1, 1987 24 80 mph (130 km/h) Un­known Southwestern Mexico — Un­known [59]
Lidia September 1–2, 1987 24 85 mph (140 km/h) Un­known None — — [59]
Norma September 17, 1987 12 75 mph (120 km/h) Un­known Baja California Sur — — [59]
Carlotta July 11–12, 1988 18 75 mph (120 km/h) 987 hPa (29.15 inHg) None — — [60]
Kristy August 31 – September 2, 1988 60 90 mph (150 km/h) 976 hPa (28.82 inHg) Southwestern Mexico — — [61]
Barbara June 18, 1989 24 80 mph (130 km/h) 984 hPa (29.06 inHg) None — — [62]
Cosme June 21–22, 1989 24 85 mph (140 km/h) 979 hPa (28.91 inHg) Mexico, East Texas# 30 Un­known [63]
Dalilia July 13–19, 1989 144 90 mph (150 km/h) 977 hPa (28.85 inHg) Hawaii — Minimal [64]
Gil July 31 – August 2, 1989 36 85 mph (140 km/h) 979 hPa (28.91 inHg) Southwestern Mexico — — [65]
Lorena September 1, 1989 12 75 mph (120 km/h) 989 hPa (29.21 inHg) None — — [66]
Alma May 15–16, 1990 30 85 mph (140 km/h) 979 hPa (28.91 inHg) None — — [67]
Boris June 5–6, 1990 36 90 mph (150 km/h) 977 hPa (28.85 inHg) Baja California Peninsula, Northwestern Mexico — — [68]
Elida June 28–29, 1990 36 80 mph (130 km/h) 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) Revillagigedo Island — — [69]
Fausto July 8–10, 1990 54 85 mph (140 km/h) 979 hPa (28.91 inHg) None — — [70]
Kenna August 25–27, 1990 72 85 mph (140 km/h) 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) None — — [71]
Lowell August 27–28, 1990 36 75 mph (120 km/h) 986 hPa (29.12 inHg) None — — [72]
Norbert September 14–15, 1990 42 80 mph (130 km/h) 983 hPa (29.03 inHg) None — — [73]
Polo September 30, 1990 12 75 mph (120 km/h) 987 hPa (29.15 inHg) None — — [74]
Delores June 25–26, 1991 42 85 mph (140 km/h) 979 hPa (28.91 inHg) Guerrero, Colima — — [75]
Enrique July 17, 1991 6 75 mph (120 km/h) 987 hPa (29.15 inHg) None — — [76]
Guillermo October 5–7, 1991 48 80 mph (130 km/h) 983 hPa (29.03 inHg) None — — [77]
Marty October 10–12, 1991 60 80 mph (130 km/h) 979 hPa (28.91 inHg) Guerrero, Colima — — [78]
Javier August 5–6, 1992 30 80 mph (130 km/h) 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) None — — [79]
Lester August 22–23, 1992 18 80 mph (130 km/h) 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) Baja California, Northwestern Mexico, Southwestern United States# 3 $3 million [80][81]
Paine September 13–14, 1992 24 75 mph (120 km/h) 987 hPa (29.15 inHg) None — — [82]
Seymour September 19–23, 1992 66† 85 mph (140 km/h) 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) None — — [83]
Adrian June 15–16, 1993 36 85 mph (140 km/h) 979 hPa (28.91 inHg) None — — [84]
Li August 12, 1994 6 75 mph (120 km/h) 1007 hPa (29.74 inHg) None — — [85][86]
Ileana August 12–13, 1994 12 75 mph (120 km/h) 986 hPa (29.12 inHg) None — — [87]
Cosme July 19–20, 1995 18 75 mph (120 km/h) 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) None — — [88]
Flossie October 10–12, 1995 48 80 mph (130 km/h) 978 hPa (28.88 inHg) Baja California Peninsula 1 $5 million [89][90]
Ismael September 14–15, 1995 24 80 mph (130 km/h) 986 hPa (29.12 inHg) Northern Mexico# 116 $26 million [91][92]
Boris June 29–30, 1996 24 90 mph (150 km/h) 979 hPa (28.91 inHg) Mexico# 10 — [93]
Hernan October 2–3, 1996 30 85 mph (140 km/h) 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) Western Mexico, Texas# 1 — [94][95]
Dolores July 7–10, 1997 66 90 mph (150 km/h) 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) None — — [96]
Isis September 2–3, 1998 12 75 mph (120 km/h) 988 hPa (29.18 inHg) Baja California Peninsula, Northern Pacific Coast of Mexico, Southwestern United States, Northwestern United States# 14 $10 million [97]
Kay October 13–14, 1998 12 75 mph (120 km/h) 987 hPa (29.15 inHg) None — — [98]
Madeline October 17–19, 1998 42 85 mph (140 km/h) 979 hPa (28.91 inHg) Mexico, Baja California Peninsula, Texas 31 $750 million [99]
Greg September 6–7, 1999 24 75 mph (120 km/h) 986 hPa (29.12 inHg) Western Mexico, Baja California Peninsula# 10 — [100][101]
Hilary October 20, 1999 12 75 mph (120 km/h) 987 hPa (29.15 inHg) Baja California Peninsula — — [102]
Gilma August 8, 2000 18 80 mph (130 km/h) 983 hPa (29.03 inHg) None — — [103]
Hector August 14–15, 2000 30 80 mph (130 km/h) 983 hPa (29.03 inHg) None — — [104]
Dalila July 24, 2001 6 75 mph (120 km/h) 987 hPa (29.15 inHg) Southwestern Mexico, Baja California Peninsula 1 $1 million [105]
Kiko September 23, 2001 6 75 mph (120 km/h) 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) None — — [106]
Narda October 21–22, 2001 30 85 mph (140 km/h) 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) None — — [107]
Octave November 1–2, 2001 24 85 mph (140 km/h) 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) None — — [108]
Huko October 28 – November 3, 2002 102† 85 mph (140 km/h) 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) None — — [109]
Linda September 15, 2003 12 75 mph (120 km/h) 987 hPa (29.15 inHg) None — — [110]
Olaf October 5, 2003 6 75 mph (120 km/h) 987 hPa (29.15 inHg) Mexico# — Minimal [111]
Patricia October 21–22, 2003 24 80 mph (130 km/h) 984 hPa (29.06 inHg) None — — [112]
Celia July 22, 2004 18 85 mph (140 km/h) 981 hPa (28.97 inHg) None — — [113]
Frank August 23–25, 2004 36 85 mph (140 km/h) 979 hPa (28.91 inHg) Baja California Peninsula — — [114]
Isis September 15, 2004 6 75 mph (120 km/h) 987 hPa (29.15 inHg) None — — [115]
Adrian May 19, 2005 6 80 mph (130 km/h) 982 hPa (29.00 inHg) Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Honduras # 5 $12 million [116][117][118][119]
Fernanda August 11–14, 2005 72 85 mph (140 km/h) 978 hPa (28.88 inHg) None — — [120]
Max September 20–21, 2005 30 85 mph (140 km/h) 981 hPa (28.97 inHg) None — — [121]
Carlotta July 13–15, 2006 48† 85 mph (140 km/h) 981 hPa (28.97 inHg) None — — [122]
Kristy August 31 – September 1, 2006 24 80 mph (130 km/h) 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) None — — [123]
Cosme July 16, 2007 6 75 mph (120 km/h) 987 hPa (29.15 inHg) Hawaii — Minimal [124]
Henriette September 4–5, 2007 42 85 mph (140 km/h) 972 hPa (28.70 inHg) Southwestern Mexico, Western Mexico, Northwestern Mexico, Baja California Peninsula # 11 $25 million [125]
Ivo September 20–21, 2007 42 80 mph (130 km/h) 984 hPa (29.06 inHg) Baja California Peninsula — — [126]
Boris July 1–2, 2008 36† 80 mph (130 km/h) 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) None — — [127]
Fausto July 18–21, 2008 78 90 mph (150 km/h) 977 hPa (28.85 inHg) Clarion Island, Socorro Island — Minimal [128]
Genevieve July 25–26, 2008 18 75 mph (120 km/h) 987 hPa (29.15 inHg) Hawaii — — [129]
Marie October 3–4, 2008 24 80 mph (130 km/h) 984 hPa (29.06 inHg) None — — [130]
Andres June 23, 2009 18 80 mph (130 km/h) 984 hPa (29.06 inHg) Southwestern Mexico, Western Mexico, Honduras 5 $231 thousand [131][132][133]
Linda September 9–10, 2009 30 80 mph (130 km/h) 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) None — — [134]
Frank August 25–27, 2010 54 90 mph (150 km/h) 978 hPa (28.88 inHg) Southwestern Mexico, Western Mexico 6 $8.3 million [135][136][137]
Beatriz June 20–21, 2011 18 90 mph (150 km/h) 977 hPa (28.85 inHg) Southwestern Mexico, Western Mexico 4 Minimal [138]
Calvin July 8–9, 2011 18 80 mph (130 km/h) 984 hPa (29.06 inHg) None — — [139]
Greg August 18–19, 2011 36 85 mph (140 km/h) 979 hPa (28.91 inHg) None — — [140]
Gilma August 8–9, 2012 24 80 mph (130 km/h) 984 hPa (29.06 inHg) None — — [141]
Ileana August 30–31, 2012 42 85 mph (140 km/h) 978 hPa (28.88 inHg) None — — [142]
Lane September 17–18, 2012 30 85 mph (140 km/h) 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) None — — [143]
Barbara May 29, 2013 6 80 mph (130 km/h) 983 hPa (29.03 inHg) Central America, Southwestern Mexico, Eastern Mexico# 5 $1 million [144]
Cosme June 25–26, 2013 30 85 mph (140 km/h) 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) Western Mexico, Baja California Peninsula 3 Minimal [145][146][147][148]
Dalila July 2–3, 2013 30 80 mph (130 km/h) 984 hPa (29.06 inHg) Southwestern Mexico, Western Mexico — Minimal [149]
Erick July 6–7, 2013 36 80 mph (130 km/h) 983 hPa (29.03 inHg) Southwestern Mexico, Western Mexico, Baja California Peninsula 2 Moderate [150]
Gil July 31 – August 2, 2013 48 85 mph (140 km/h) 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) None — — [151]
Kiko September 1, 2013 12 75 mph (120 km/h) 989 hPa (29.21 inHg) Baja California Peninsula — — [152]
Manuel September 19, 2013 18 75 mph (120 km/h) 983 hPa (29.03 inHg) Mexico, Texas# 123 $4.2 billion [153][154]
Hernan July 27–28, 2014 12 75 mph (120 km/h) 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) None — — [155]
Karina August 14–24, 2014 42† 75 mph (120 km/h) 983 hPa (29.03 inHg) None — — [156]
Lowell August 21, 2014 12 85 mph (140 km/h) 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) None — — [157]
Polo September 18, 2014 18 75 mph (120 km/h) 979 hPa (28.91 inHg) Western Mexico, Baja California Peninsula 1 $7.5 million [158][159]
Rachel September 27–29, 2014 36 85 mph (140 km/h) 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) None — — [160]
Ana October 17–25, 2014 78† 85 mph (140 km/h) 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) Hawaii, Western Canada, Alaskan Panhandle — Minimal [161]
Carlos June 13–17, 2015 72† 90 mph (150 km/h) 978 hPa (28.88 inHg) Southwestern and Western Mexico# — $1 million [162][163]
Loke August 24–25, 2015 24 75 mph (120 km/h) 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) Hawaii — — [164]
Marty September 28–29, 2015 18 80 mph (130 km/h) 987 hPa (29.15 inHg) Southwestern and Western Mexico — $30 million [165][166]
Frank July 26–27, 2016 18 85 mph (140 km/h) 979 hPa (28.91 inHg) Baja California Peninsula, Nayarit — — [167]
Newton September 5–7, 2016 42 90 mph (150 km/h) 977 hPa (28.85 inHg) Baja California Peninsula, Northwestern Mexico, Southwestern United States# 9 $9.6 million [168][169][170]
Paine September 19–20, 2016 24 90 mph (150 km/h) 979 hPa (28.91 inHg) Baja California Peninsula, Southwestern United States — Minimal [171]
Ulika September 28, 2016 12 75 mph (120 km/h) 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) None — — [172]
Irwin July 25–26, 2017 36 90 mph (150 km/h) 979 hPa (28.91 inHg) None — — [173]
Max September 14, 2017 12 90 mph (150 km/h) 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) Southern Mexico# 1 $19.8 million [174]
Norma September 16, 2017 12 75 mph (120 km/h) 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) Baja California Peninsula — — [175]
Alvin June 28, 2019 6 75 mph (120 km/h) 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) None — — [176]
Flossie July 30–31, 2019 23 80 mph (130 km/h) 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) Hawaii — — [177]
Lorena September 18, 2019 12 80 mph (130 km/h) 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) Southwestern Mexico, Revillagigedo Islands, Baja California Peninsula# — — [178]
Enrique June 26–28, 2021 54 90 mph (150 km/h) 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) Southwestern Mexico, Baja California Peninsula# 3 —
Hilda August 1–3, 2021 60 85 mph (140 km/h) 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) None — —
Nora August 28–29, 2021 30 85 mph (140 km/h) 977 hPa (28.85 inHg) Western Mexico# 3 $125 million
Pamela October 12–13, 2021 12 75 mph (120 km/h) 987 hPa (29.15 inHg) Western Mexico# 3 $10 million
Blas June 15–18, 2022 66 90 mph (150 km/h) 976 hPa (28.82 inHg) Southwestern Mexico 4 Minimal
Estelle July 17–19, 2022 54 85 mph (140 km/h) 984 hPa (29.06 inHg) Revillagigedo Islands — —
Frank July 30 – August 1, 2022 54 90 mph (150 km/h) 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) None — —
Howard August 8–10, 2022 30 85 mph (140 km/h) 983 hPa (29.03 inHg) Revillagigedo Islands — —
Beatriz June 30 – July 1, 2023 18 85 mph (140 km/h) 991 hPa (29.26 inHg) Western Mexico 1 Minimal
Carlotta July 31 – August 4, 2024 42 90 mph (150 km/h) 979 hPa (28.91 inHg) Clarion Island — —
Overall reference for name, dates, duration, winds and pressure:[7]

Landfalls

[edit]
Landfalls by month
Month Number of storms
May
3
June
10
July
1
August
6
September
26
October
16
November
1

Out of the 237 Category 1 hurricanes in the east and central Pacific, 47 have made landfall as a tropical cyclone, collectively resulting in 63 landfalls. As tropical cyclones tend to weaken before landfall due to the effects of land interaction, only 34 Category 1 hurricanes actually made landfall while still at Category 1 strength. Fourteen storms made two landfalls and one made three. Multiple Category 1 hurricanes made landfall only in 10 years; there were no more than two landfalling storms in a single year.[7]

Name Year Category 1 Tropical storm Tropical depression Refs
Four 1949 Baja California Sur state (September 11) — — [7]
Two 1951 Guerrero state (June 1) — — [7]
Three 1954 Baja California Sur state (July 17) — — [7]
Six 1955 Jalisco state (October 16) — — [7]
Six 1957 Guerrero state (September 18) — — [7]
Ten 1957 Baja California Sur state (October 4), Sonora state (October 5) — — [7]
Eleven 1958 Baja California Sur state (October 4), Sonora state (October 5) — — [7]
Ten 1959 Baja California Sur state (October 3, October 4) Baja California state (October 5) — [7]
Iva 1961 Guerrero state (June 11) — — [7]
Tara 1961 Guerrero state (November 12) — — [7]
Valerie 1962 Sinaloa state (June 25) — — [7]
Doreen 1962 Sinaloa state (October 4) — — [7]
Emily 1963 Guerrero state (June 30) — — [7]
Mona 1963 Sinaloa state (October 18) — — [7]
Emily 1965 — — Baja California state (September 5) [7]
Adele 1966 Michoacán state (June 24) — — [7]
Helga 1966 — Baja California Sur state (September 15) Sonora state (September 16) [7]
Katrina 1967 Baja California Sur state (August 31) Sinaloa state (September 2) — [7]
Naomi 1968 Sinaloa state (September 13) — — [7]
Pauline 1968 Baja California Sur state (October 2) Sonora state (October 3) — [7]
Jennifer 1969 Sinaloa state (September 13) — — [7]
Lily 1971 Jalisco state (August 31) — — [179]
Annette 1972 — Colima state (June 7) — [180]
Dolores 1974 Guerrero state (June 16) — — [7]
Norma 1974 — Guerrero state (September 10) — [7]
Kathleen 1976 — Baja California Sur state, Baja California state (September 10) — [7]
Doreen 1977 Baja California Sur state (August 15) Baja California Sur state (August 16) — [7]
Aletta 1978 — Guerrero state (May 31) — [7]
Olivia 1978 — Oaxaca state (September 22) — [7]
Otis 1981 — Sinaloa state (October 30) — [7]
Newton 1986 Sonora state (September 23) — — [7]
Cosme 1989 Guerrero state (June 22) — — [63]
Lester 1992 Baja California Sur state (August 23) Sonora state (August 23) — [80]
Ismael 1995 Sinaloa state (September 15) — — [91]
Boris 1996 Guerrero state (June 29) — — [93]
Hernan 1996 Jalisco state (October 3) — Nayarit state (October 4) [94]
Isis 1998 Sinaloa state (September 3) Baja California Sur state (September 2) — [97]
Greg 1999 — Baja California Sur state (September 7) — [100]
Olaf 2003 — Colima state (October 7) — [111]
Adrian 2005 — — Honduras (May 20) [116]
Henriette 2007 Baja California Sur state (September 4) Sonora state (September 6) — [125]
Barbara 2013 Chiapas state (May 29) — — [144]
Manuel 2013 Sinaloa state (September 19) Michoacán state (September 15) — [153]
Carlos 2015 — Jalisco state (June 17) — [162]
Newton 2016 Baja California Sur state (September 6) Sonora state (September 7) — [168]
Max 2017 Guerrero state (September 14) — — [174]
Lorena 2019 Jalisco state (September 19), Baja California Sur state (September 21) — — [178]
Nora 2021 Jalisco state (August 27)
Pamela 2021 Sinaloa state (October 13) — —

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Prior to 1988 for the Eastern Pacific and 2001 for the Central Pacific,[13] pressure data was only able from direct measurements by reconnaissance aircraft that penetrated the storm or reports from ships and land-based weather stations, or estimates derived from satellite imagery.[14] Should any reading or estimate be available, the lowest is listed below.
  2. ^ Dates are given in Coordinated Universal Time.
  3. ^ All damage values are in USD of their respective years.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Schott, Timothy; Landsea, Christopher; Hafele, Gene; Lorens, Jeffrey; Taylor, Arthur; Thrum, Harvey; Ward, Bill; Willis, Mark; Zaleski, Walt (January 2, 2019). The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale (PDF) (Report). United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
  2. ^ Landsea, Christopher W (April 21, 2006). "TCFAQ D4) What does "maximum sustained wind" mean? How does it relate to gusts in tropical cyclones?". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2014-10-09. Retrieved May 24, 2018.
  3. ^ Landsea, Christopher W (June 1, 2018). "TCFAQ F1) What regions around the globe have tropical cyclones and who is responsible for forecasting there?". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2012-11-13. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
  4. ^ "CPHC Climatology". Central Pacific Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on 2012-09-27. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
  5. ^ "Background Information: East Pacific Hurricane Season". Climate Prediction Center. May 27, 2015. Archived from the original on 2009-05-09. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
  6. ^ a b Blake, Eric S; Gibney, Ethan J; Brown, Daniel P; Mainelli, Michelle; Franklin, James L; Kimberlain, Todd B; Hammer, Gregory R (2009). Tropical Cyclones of the Eastern North Pacific Basin, 1949-2006 (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on April 11, 2024. Retrieved June 14, 2013.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw National Hurricane Center; Hurricane Research Division; Central Pacific Hurricane Center (April 26, 2024). "The Northeast and North Central Pacific hurricane database 1949–2023". United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Archived from the original on May 29, 2024. A guide on how to read the database is available here. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  8. ^ a b Dorst, Neal (June 2, 2016). "TCFAQ G1) When is hurricane season?". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Archived from the original on May 6, 2009. Retrieved July 24, 2018.
  9. ^ Landsea, Christopher W (2014). "TCFAQ A15) How do tropical cyclones form?". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Archived from the original on August 27, 2009. Retrieved August 18, 2018.
  10. ^ a b c d Longshore, David (1998). Encyclopedia of hurricanes, typhoons, and cyclones (1st ed.). Facts on File, Inc. pp. 333, 334. ISBN 978-0-8160-3398-0. Archived from the original on August 18, 2018. Retrieved August 18, 2018.
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  12. ^ Belles, Jonathan (August 3, 2018). "Hawaii Hurricanes: How Unusual Are They?". The Weather Channel. Archived from the original on August 20, 2018. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
  13. ^ Landsea, Chris; Franklin, James; Blake, Eric; Tanabe, Ray (February 2016). "Eastern and Central Pacific HURDAT Format" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 9 December 2019.
  14. ^ Brown, Gail M; Leftwhich, Preston W Jr (August 1982). A Compilation of Eastern and Central North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Data (PDF) (NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS NHC 16). United States National Hurricane Center. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 1, 2013. Retrieved July 27, 2013.
  15. ^ R. K. Chun (1952). Flood of August 1950 in the Waimea area Kauai, Hawaii (PDF) (Report). Washington, D.C.: United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
  16. ^ a b c The 1957 Central Pacific Tropical Cyclone Season (Report). Central Pacific Hurricane Center. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
  17. ^ Staff Writer (19 September 1957). "Mexican Storm Kills 7; U.S. Citizen Electrocuted by Fallen Wire at Acapulco". The New York Times. p. 15.
  18. ^ Staff Writer (7 October 1957). "Tropical Storm Causes Two Deaths in Mexico". The Hartford Courant.
  19. ^ "The Daily Review of December 2". Hayward Daily Review. Associated Press. 1957.
  20. ^ "Hurricane Hits the Hawaiian Islands; 1,100 Flee Homes". The Lowell Sun. Associated Press. 1957.
  21. ^ "Mariners Weather Log". National Weather Bureau. 27 April 1961. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
  22. ^ Staff Writer (14 November 1961). "80 Killed in Hurricane Lashing Mexican Coast". United Press International. Archived from the original on 9 December 2015. Retrieved 8 May 2009.
  23. ^ Staff Writer (18 November 1961). "Mexico Struck Hard By Storm". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 25 January 2016. Retrieved 10 May 2009.
  24. ^ Staff Writer (19 November 1961). "Mexican Cyclone Areas Win Relief By Airlift". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 25 January 2016. Retrieved 10 May 2009.
  25. ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center (1966). "JTWC Report of 1966" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 June 2011. Retrieved 8 October 2008.
  26. ^ Long Beach California Independent (1966). "Effects of Helga (Sea Action)". Retrieved 8 October 2008.[permanent dead link‍]
  27. ^ Storm Damage Aid to Mexican Village[permanent dead link‍]
  28. ^ "Staircase to Nowhere". Independent. 1968. Retrieved 24 May 2008. [dead link‍]
  29. ^ "Evacuees Returning Home As Floods Ebb in Durango". Corpus Christi Times. 1968. Retrieved 15 May 2009. [dead link‍]
  30. ^ "Boat Listed as Lost With Family of 5". Independent. Associated Press. 1968.
  31. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2005-01-23. Retrieved 2019-10-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  32. ^ "Hurricane Lily is Over Mexico". Cumberland News. Associated Press. 1971. Retrieved 27 May 2009. [dead link‍]
  33. ^ "At Least 3 Dead As Storm Lashes Mexican Resort". Albuquerque Journal. Associated Press. 1971. Retrieved 27 May 2009. [dead link‍]
  34. ^ "Ciclones Tropicales". Centro Nacional de Prevención de Desastres (in Spanish). Secretaría De Gobernación. 2011. Archived from the original on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 19 October 2011.
  35. ^ "Hurricane kills 22 in Acapulco". United Press International. The Vancouver Sun. 19 June 1974. p. 48. Retrieved 19 October 2011.
  36. ^ "Hurricane kills nine". The Windsor Star. Associated Press. 18 June 1974. p. 40. Retrieved 19 October 2011.
  37. ^ Baum, Robert A. (April 1975). "Eastern North Pacific Tropical Cyclones, 1974. Part 1". Monthly Weather Review. 103 (4). American Meteorological Society: 301–304. Bibcode:1975MWRv..103..301B. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1975)103<0301:ENPTCP>2.0.CO;2.
  38. ^ a b Gunther, Emil B. Eastern North Pacific Tropical Cyclones of 1976 (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1977)105<0508:EPTCO>2.0.CO;2.
  39. ^ "A History of Significant Local Weather Events" (PDF). National Weather Service Forecast Office San Diego, California. Retrieved 2 February 2007.
  40. ^ "Tropical Storm Winding Down". The Telegraph-Herald. Dubuque. 1976. Retrieved 6 November 2011.
  41. ^ "At least three persons killed in California-Arizona duelge". Eugene Register-Guard. Los Angeles. Associated Press. 12 September 1976. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  42. ^ "An Overview of Los Angeles Climate" (PDF). National Oceanic and Atmosheirc Administration. Retrieved 31 January 2006.
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  44. ^ Associated Press and United Press International (18 August 1977). "8 Killed as Storm Strikes California". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Retrieved 11 August 2011.
  45. ^ Floods of October 1977 in Southern Arizona and March 1978 in Central Arizona (PDF) (Report). United States Geological Survey. 1984. Retrieved 28 April 2019.
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  47. ^ Gunther, Emil B. (1980). "Eastern North Pacific Tropical Cyclones of 1979". Monthly Weather Review. 108 (5). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: 631–641. Bibcode:1980MWRv..108..631G. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1980)108<0631:ENPTCO>2.0.CO;2.
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