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List of American politicians who switched parties in office

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The following American politicians switched parties while they were holding elected office.

Federal

[edit]

House of Representatives

[edit]
Name State District Date of party switch Congress Old party New party Notes Refs
Rodney Alexander Louisiana 5th August 9, 2004 108th Democratic Republican [1]
Justin Amash Michigan 3rd July 4, 2019 116th Republican Independent [2]
May 1, 2020 Independent Libertarian [3]
Eugene Atkinson Pennsylvania 25th October 14, 1981 97th Democratic Republican Lost re-election in 1982 after being redistricted to the 4th district. [4]
William Carney New York 1st October 7, 1985 99th Conservative Republican
Nathan Deal Georgia 9th April 11, 1995 104th Democratic Republican [5]
Jo Ann Emerson Missouri 8th January 3, 1997 105th Republican Independent Emerson was re-elected to a full term as an independent after running under that designation to comply with Missouri's electoral law.
January 8, 1997 Independent Republican
Michael Forbes New York 1st July 17, 1999 106th Republican Democratic [6]
Virgil Goode Virginia 5th January 24, 2000 106th Democratic Independent Caucused with the Republican Party. [7][8]
August 1, 2002 107th Independent Republican [9]
Phil Gramm Texas 6th 1983 98th Democratic Republican Gramm resigned his seat as a Democrat on January 5, 1983, and then won a special election as a Republican on February 12, 1983.
James W. Grant Florida 2nd February 21, 1989 101st Democratic Republican [10]
Parker Griffith Alabama 5th December 22, 2009 111th Democratic Republican Later rejoined the Democratic party. [11]
Galusha A. Grow Pennsylvania 14th 1856 34th Democratic Republican [12]
Ralph Hall Texas 4th January 2004 108th Democratic Republican [13]
Jimmy Hayes Louisiana 7th December 1, 1995 104th Democratic Republican
Andy Ireland Florida 10th July 5, 1984 98th Democratic Republican Announced the switch on March 17, 1984, but didn't officially make it until July 5 in order to keep his Democratic committee assignments for as long as possible. [14][15]
John Jarman Oklahoma 5th January 24, 1975 94th Democratic Republican [16]
Greg Laughlin Texas 14th June 26, 1995 104th Democratic Republican [17]
Matthew G. Martínez California 31st July 27, 2000 106th Democratic Republican Switched parties after losing the Democratic primary for re-election [18]
Paul Mitchell Michigan 10th December 14, 2020 116th Republican Independent Switched parties during the lame duck session, three weeks before his retirement. [19]
Michael Parker Mississippi 4th November 10, 1995 104th Democratic Republican
Ogden Reid New York 26th March 22, 1972 92nd Republican Democratic [20]
Donald Riegle Michigan 7th 1973 93rd Republican Democratic [21]
Tommy F. Robinson Arkansas 2nd July 28, 1989 101st Democratic Republican [22]
Franklin D. Roosevelt Jr. New York 20th January 3, 1951 82nd Liberal Democratic Roosevelt was re-elected as a Democrat.
Bob Stump Arizona 3rd September 24, 1981 98th Democratic Republican Did not officially change party until the 1982 election for a term beginning January 3, 1983. [23][24]
Billy Tauzin Louisiana 3rd August 8, 1995 104th Democratic Republican [25]
Jeff Van Drew New Jersey 2nd January 7, 2020 116th Democratic Republican [26]
Albert Watson South Carolina 2nd 1965 90th Democratic Republican Watson resigned his seat as a Democrat on February 1, 1965, and then won a special election as a Republican on June 15, 1965.
Hendrick Bradley Wright Pennsylvania 12th 1879 46th Democratic Greenback

Senate

[edit]
Name State Date of party switch Congress Old party New party Notes Refs
James L. Buckley New York 1976 94th Conservative Republican
Ben Nighthorse Campbell Colorado March 4, 1995 104th Democratic Republican [27]
Reuben Fenton New York 1872 42nd Republican Liberal Republican The Liberal Republican Party was new and short-lived. Did not seek re-election in the 1874–75 United States Senate elections. [28]
1873 43rd Liberal Republican Republican
Jim Jeffords Vermont May 24, 2001 107th Republican Independent Caucused with the Democrats after becoming an independent, giving Democrats a majority in the US Senate. His switch became the only time in US history that a party switch resulted in a change of party control of the Senate. [29][30]
Robert M. La Follette Jr. Wisconsin May 1934 74th Republican Wisconsin Progressive Co-founded the Wisconsin Progressive Party and was re-elected to Senate on that ticket in 1934 and 1940. [31]
1946 79th Wisconsin Progressive Republican The Wisconsin Progressive Party was dissolved in 1946. Lost re-election to the Senate when defeated by Joseph McCarthy in the Republican primary later that same year. [32]
Joe Lieberman Connecticut 2006/2007 (see note) 110th Democratic Independent Lieberman left the Democratic Party after losing the Democratic primary for re-election. Technically, he ran under the party named Connecticut for Lieberman but he himself never officially joined that party. He called himself an Independent Democrat after winning re-election. [33][34]
Joe Manchin West Virginia May 31, 2024 118th Democratic Independent [35]
Richard Shelby Alabama November 9, 1994 103rd Democratic Republican Switch announced the day after the 1994 United States Senate elections, in which Shelby was not up for reelection, but the Republicans gained the majority in the Senate. [36]
Kyrsten Sinema Arizona December 9, 2022 118th Democratic Independent [37]
Bob Smith New Hampshire July 1999 106th Republican Independent [38]
November 1999 Independent Republican
Arlen Specter Pennsylvania April 28, 2009 111th Republican Democratic [39]
Strom Thurmond South Carolina September 16, 1964 88th Democratic Republican [40]
Lyman Trumbull Illinois 1871 42nd Republican Liberal Republican The Liberal Republican Party was new and short-lived. Lost re-election in the 1872–73 United States Senate elections to the Republican candidate.

Other

[edit]
Name Office Date of party switch Old party New party Notes Refs

State

[edit]
Name Office Date of party switch Old party New party Notes Refs
Max Abramson Member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives from the Rockingham-20 district May 2016 Republican Libertarian Left office to run for Governor of New Hampshire in 2016 as a Libertarian. Was re-elected to the New Hampshire House in 2018 as a Republican. [41]
June 28, 2019 Republican Independent Became an independent as he campaigned to be the nominee for President of the United States in 2020 of the Libertarian Party, the Veterans Party, and the Reform Party. Was elected to a seat in a different district in the New Hampshire House in 2020 as a Republican. [42]
Roy Daryl Adams Member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from the 62nd district April 27, 2023 Independent Democratic [43]
Dawn Addiego Member of the New Jersey Senate from the 8th district January 28, 2019 Republican Democratic [44]
Robert Adley Member of the Louisiana Senate from the 36th district December 10, 2007 Democratic Republican Switched parties after the 2007 Louisiana elections to align with incoming governor Bobby Jindal. [45][46]
Marie Alvarado-Gil Member of the California State Senate from the 4th district August 8, 2024 Democratic Republican [47]
Scott Angelle Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana October 26, 2010 Democratic Republican Appointed by Republican Bobby Jindal to serve until the conclusion of the 2010 special election to replace Mitch Landrieu, who had been elected Mayor of New Orleans. Previously served as Louisiana Secretary of Natural Resources, appointed by Democrat Kathleen Blanco. Re-appointed by Jindal to that position following the election. [48]
Aidan Ankarberg Member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives from the Strafford-7 district November 20, 2024 Republican Independent [49]
Bill Archer Member of the Texas House of Representatives from the 22nd district, 5th seat December 7, 1967 Democratic Republican [50][51]
Karen Awana Member of the Hawaii House of Representatives from the 44th district December 19, 2007 Republican Democratic [52]
Richard Baker Member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from East Baton Rouge Parish May 31, 1985 Democratic Republican [53]
Thomas Baker Member of the Alaska House of Representatives from the 40th district May 16, 2024 Republican Independent [54]
Robert Barham Louisiana State Senator from the 33rd district February 9, 2001 Democratic Republican Announced after a visit to the White House following an invitation from President George W. Bush. [55]
Taylor Barras Member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from Iberia Parish August 12, 2011 Democratic Republican [56]
Eli Bebout Member of the Wyoming House of Representatives from the 55th district April 26, 1994 Democratic Republican [57]
Walter Boasso Member of the Louisiana Senate from the 1st district April 26, 2007 Republican Democratic
Audie Bock Member of the California State Assembly from the 16th district 1999 Green No party preference
Barbara Bollier Member of the Kansas Senate from the 7th district December 12, 2018 Republican Democratic [58]
Mike Bowers Attorney General of Georgia 1994 Democratic Republican
Michael Don Brandenburg Member of the North Dakota House of Representatives from the 28th district October 2, 1994 Democratic Republican [59]
Nickey Browning Member of the Mississippi State Senate from the 3rd district March 27, 2013 Democratic Republican [60]
Buddy Caldwell Attorney General of Louisiana 2011 Democratic Republican [61]
Sonny Callahan Member of the Alabama Senate January 30, 1984 Democratic Republican [62]
Charles T. Canady Member of the Florida House of Representatives from the 44th district June 1999 Democratic Republican
Videt Carmichael Member of the Mississippi State Senate from the 33rd district May 2002 Democratic Republican [63]
Lincoln Chafee Governor of Rhode Island May 30, 2013 Independent Democratic Previously served in the U.S. Senate (1999-2007) as a Republican before becoming an Independent. [64]
Stephanie Clayton Member of the Kansas House of Representatives from the 19th district December 19, 2018 Republican Democratic [65]
Matthew Coker Member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives from the Belknap-2 district February 8, 2024 Democratic Republican [66]
Linda Collins Member of the Arkansas House of Representatives from the 61st district August 2011 Democratic Republican [67]
Charlie Conrad Member of the Oregon House of Representatives from the 12th district June 20, 2024 Republican Independent Party of Oregon Switched parties after losing renomination over his vote to protect access to abortion and gender-affirming care. [68]
Tricia Cotham Member of the North Carolina House of Representatives from the 112th district April 5, 2023 Democratic Republican Switched parties after receiving backlash for missing a vote on an assault weapons ban. [69]
Charlie Crist Governor of Florida May 13, 2010 Republican Independent Later elected to congress as a Democrat. [70]
William Daniel Member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from East Baton Rouge Parish 2005 Democratic Republican
Hunt Downer Member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from Terrebonne and Lafourche Parishes February 9, 2001 Democratic Republican Announced after a visit to the White House following an invitation from President George W. Bush. [71]
Aubrey Dunn Jr. New Mexico Commissioner of Public Lands January 2018 Republican Libertarian [72]
Noble Ellington Member of the Louisiana House of Representatives 2010 Democratic Republican [73]
Kirk England Member of the Texas House of Representatives from the 106th district September 20, 2007 Republican Democratic [74]
Bernard Erickson Member of the Texas House of Representatives from the 58th district December 31, 1993 Republican Democratic [75]
Ryan Ferns Member of the West Virginia House of Delegates from the 3rd district November 2013 Democratic Republican
Shaun Filiault Member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives from the Cheshire-7 district June 7, 2023 Democratic Independent [76]
Beth Fukumoto Member of the Hawaii House of Representatives from the 36th district 2017 Republican Democratic [77]
Mike Gabbard Member of the Hawaii Senate from the 19th district August 30, 2007 Republican Democratic [78]
Avel Gordly Member of the Oregon Senate from the 23rd district 2006 Democratic Independent [79]
Sherry Gould Member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives from the Merrimack-8 district May 2024 Democratic Republican [80]
Mark Grisanti Member of the New York Senate from the 60th district 2011 Democratic Republican
Henry Grover Member of the Texas House of Representatives from the 23rd district February 3, 1966 Democratic Republican [81]
Elbert Guillory Member of the Louisiana Senate from the 24th district May 31, 2013 Democratic Republican [82]
Ryan Guillen Member of the Texas House of Representatives from the 31st district November 15, 2021 Democratic Republican Was one of the "Killer Ds" during the 2003 Texas redistricting [83]
Barbara Hafer Treasurer of Pennsylvania 2003 Republican Democratic [84]
Bob Hanner Member of the Georgia House of Representatives 2010 Democratic Republican [85]
Jim Hendren Member of the Arkansas Senate from the 2nd district February 18, 2021 Republican Independent Left the Republican Party following the January 6, 2021, U.S. Capitol attack. [86]
Michelle Henry Attorney General of Pennsylvania March 2023 Republican Democratic Joined the Democratic Party after succeeding Josh Shapiro as Attorney General. [87]
Joy Hofmeister Oklahoma Superintendent of Public Instruction October 7, 2021 Republican Democratic Switched after announcing her intention to challenge to Republican Governor Kevin Stitt in the 2022 election. [88]
Chuck Hopson Member of the Texas House of Representatives from the 11th district November 6, 2009 Democratic Republican [89]
Eric Hutchings Member of the Utah House of Representatives from the 38th district 2001 Democratic Republican [90]
Cindy Hyde-Smith Member of the Mississippi Senate from the 39th district December 28, 2010 Democratic Republican Later appointed and elected to the U.S. Senate as a Republican. [91]
Dan Hynes Member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives from the Hillsborough-2 district June 13, 2023 Republican Independent [92]
Virginia Isbell Member of the Hawaii House of Representatives from the 5th district December 23, 1987 Republican Democratic [93]
Mike Jacobs Member of the Georgia House of Representatives from the 80th district June 19, 2007 Democratic Republican
Glenn Jeffries Member of the West Virginia Senate from the 8th district December 1, 2022 Democratic Republican [94]
Evan Jenkins Member of the West Virginia Senate from the 5th district July 2013 Democratic Republican [95]
Woody Jenkins Member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from East Baton Rouge Parish 1994 Democratic Republican
Aaron Ling Johanson Member of the Hawaii House of Representatives from the 31st district December 29, 2014 Republican Democratic [96]
Dean Johnson Minnesota State Senator 2000 Republican DFL [97]
Jim Justice Governor of West Virginia 2017 Democratic Republican Justice had previously been a Republican until switching to the Democratic Party in 2015 to run for Governor of West Virginia.[98] [99]
John Kennedy Treasurer of Louisiana August 27, 2007 Democratic Republican Later elected to the U.S. Senate as a Republican. [100]
Bob Krist Member of the Nebraska Legislature from the 10th district February 2018 Republican Democratic [101]
Jeremy LaCombe Member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from the 18th district April 10, 2023 Democratic Republican [102]
Steve Lebsock Member of the Colorado House of Representatives from the 34th district March 2, 2018 Democratic Republican Changed party affiliation prior to expulsion from the Colorado House of Representatives due to allegations of sexual harassment. [103]
Jan Lee Member of the Oregon House of Representatives from the 10th district June 2001 Republican Independent [104]
2001 Independent Democratic
J. M. Lozano Member of the Texas House of Representatives from the 43rd district March 8, 2012 Democratic Republican [105]
Mesha Mainor Member of the Georgia House of Representatives from the 56th district July 11, 2023 Democratic Republican Switched parties after receiving backlash for being the only Democrat to vote for a school voucher bill. [106]
Kevin Mannix Member of the Oregon House of Representatives from the 32nd district 1997 Democratic Republican
Chad Mayes Member of the California State Assembly from the 42nd district December 6, 2019 Republican Independent [107]
Mike McDonnell Member of the Nebraska Legislature from the 5th district April 3, 2024 Democratic Republican Switched parties after being censured by the Nebraska Democratic Party for voting against abortion rights. [108]
Andy McKean Member of the Iowa House of Representatives from the 58th district April 2019 Republican Democratic [109]
Stanford Morse Member of the Mississippi State Senate from Harrison and Stone Counties March 27, 1963 Democratic Republican [110]
Robert R. Neall Member of the Maryland State Senate from the 33rd district November 12, 1999 Republican Democratic Later re-joined the Republican Party.
Howard Oda Member of the Hawaii House of Representatives from the 22nd district November 7, 1975 Republican Democratic [111]
Marshall Parker Member of the South Carolina Senate from Oconee County March 9, 1966 Democratic Republican [112]
Aaron Peña Member of the Texas House of Representatives from the 40th district December 14, 2010 Democratic Republican [113]
Sonny Perdue Member of the Georgia State Senate from the 18th district 1998 Democratic Republican Later elected Governor of Georgia. [114]
Maria Perez Member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives from the Hillsborough-43 district October 2, 2023 Democratic Independent [115]
Rick Perry Member of the Texas House of Representatives from the 64th district September 29, 1989 Democratic Republican Later elected Governor of Texas. [116]
Rupie Phillips Member of the West Virginia House of Delegates from the 24th district January 26, 2017 Democratic Republican
Kevin Priola Member of the Colorado Senate from the 25th district August 22, 2022 Republican Democratic Switched parties after expressing concern about the Republican embrace of 2020 election conspiracies. [117]
Elliott Pritt Member of the West Virginia House of Delegates from the 50th district April 17, 2023 Democratic Republican [118]
Allan Ritter Member of the Texas House of Representatives from the 21st district December 14, 2010 Democratic Republican [119]
Joel Robideaux Member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from Lafayette Parish 2011 Independent Republican
Shane Robinson Member of the Maryland House of Delegates from the 39th district November 21, 2018 Democratic Green
Buddy Roemer Governor of Louisiana March 1991 Democratic Republican
Thomas M. Salmon Vermont Auditor of Accounts 2009 Democratic Republican [120]
Jarrod Sammis Member of the Vermont House of Representatives from the Rutland-3 district May 3, 2023 Republican Libertarian [121]
Meagan C. Simonaire Member of the Maryland House of Delegates from District 31B October 15, 2018 Republican Democratic
J. Roland Smith Member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from the 84th district August 18, 1993 Democratic Republican [122][123]
Mike Spano Member of the New York State Assembly 2007 Republican Democratic
Floyd Spence Member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from Lexington County April 14, 1962 Democratic Republican [124]
Chris Steineger Member of the Kansas Senate from the 6th district 2010 Democratic Republican
Dale Swenson Member of the Kansas House of Representatives from the 97th district 2008 Republican Democratic
Dinah Sykes Member of the Kansas Senate from the 21st district December 2018 Republican Democratic [125]
Johnny Tadlock Member of the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 1st district 2018 Democratic Republican [126]
Shawn Thierry Member of the Texas House of Representatives from the 146th district August 30, 2024 Democratic Republican [127]
Francis C. Thompson Member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from the 19th district March 17, 2023 Democratic Republican [128]
Samuel D. Thompson Member of the New Jersey Senate from the 12th district February 13, 2023 Republican Democratic Switched parties after Republicans supported his primary challenger. [129]
Gray Tollison Member of the Mississippi Senate from the 9th district November 11, 2011 Democratic Republican
Amy Tuck Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi 2002 Democratic Republican [130]
Susan Valdes Member of the Florida House of Representatives from the 64th district December 10, 2024 Democratic Republican [131]
Wanda Vázquez Garced Governor of Puerto Rico 2019 Democratic Republican [132][133][134]
Jesse Ventura Governor of Minnesota 2000 Reform Independence
Christine Watkins Member of the Utah House of Representatives from the 69th district December 2012 Democratic Republican [135]
Kent Williams Member of the Tennessee House of Representatives from the 4th district February 9, 2009 Republican Independent Expelled by Tennessee Republican Party.
Kate Witek Nebraska Auditor of Public Accounts August 2006 Republican Democratic
Ernest Wooton Member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from Jefferson, Plaquemines, St. Charles Parishes 2005 Democratic Republican

Local

[edit]
Name Office Date of party switch Old party New party Notes Refs
Michael Bloomberg Mayor of New York City 2007 Republican Independent Later ran for president in the 2020 presidential election as a Democrat.
Norm Coleman Mayor of St. Paul 1996 DFL Republican [136]
Kim Davis Clerk of Rowan County, Kentucky 2015 Democratic Republican [137]
Matt Gonzalez Member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors from District 5 November 2000 Democratic Green [138]
Eric Johnson Mayor of Dallas September 22, 2023 Democratic Republican [139]
Ari Kagan Member of the New York City Council from the 47th district November 2022 Democratic Republican Cited the city's criminal reforms and rising crime as the main reasons he was switching parties. [140]
John Lindsay Mayor of New York City 1971 Republican Democratic [141]
Bob Martinez Mayor of Tampa 1983 Democratic Republican [142]
Kymberly Pine Member of the Honolulu City Council from the 1st district November 9, 2016 Republican Democratic [143]
Rick Sheehy Mayor of Hastings, Nebraska 2003 Democratic Republican
David Tubiolo Member of the Westchester County Board of Legislators from the 14th district February 7, 2020 Republican Democratic [144]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Democrats Bitter Over 'Cowardly' Alexander's Party Switch". The Economist. August 12, 2004. ISSN 0013-0613. Archived from the original on November 16, 2018. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
  2. ^ Conradis, Brandon (July 4, 2019). "Rep. Amash, lone GOP critic of Trump, leaves Republican Party". The Hill. Retrieved July 4, 2019.
  3. ^ Schultz, Marisa (May 2, 2020). "Amash, taking historic step to White House bid, becomes first Libertarian in Congress: 'I'm in the race to win it'". Fox News. Retrieved May 3, 2020.
  4. ^ "Maverick Democratic Rep. Eugene Atkinson of Pennsylvania -- who..." UPI. Archived from the original on June 27, 2018. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
  5. ^ Sun, Baltimore (April 11, 1995). "Georgia Congressman Deserts Demos / Nathan Deal is third to switch to GOP since Nov. 8". SFGate. Archived from the original on April 21, 2019. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
  6. ^ "Party Switcher Loses House Seat". CBS News. September 19, 2000. Archived from the original on February 15, 2019. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
  7. ^ Josh Barney (January 25, 2000). "Goode says he's leaving the Democrats". The Daily Progress. Charlottesville, Virginia. p. A1 – via Newspapers.com.
  8. ^ Written at Washington, D.C.. "Goode moves closer to Republicans". The Daily News Leader. Staunton, Virginia. Associated Press. January 28, 2000. p. A3 – via Newspapers.com.
  9. ^ David Lerman (August 4, 2002). "Goode shifts parties, finally joins GOP". Daily Press (Virginia). Newport News, Virginia. p. B3 – via Newspapers.com.
  10. ^ "Congressman's Flip Gives GOP Advantage in Florida With AM-Bush Rdp". AP NEWS. February 21, 1989. Retrieved March 21, 2021.
  11. ^ "Democrat in House switches to GOP". Boston.com. Archived from the original on February 11, 2018. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
  12. ^ Galusha A. Grow: Father of the Homestead Law from Google Books
  13. ^ "Texas Rep. Hall switches to GOP". CNN. January 3, 2004. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
  14. ^ Written at Winter Haven, Florida. "U.S. Rep. Andy Ireland switches his allegiance to Republican Party". St. Petersburg Times. St. Petersburg, Florida. Associated Press. March 18, 1984. p. 17A – via Newspapers.com.
  15. ^ Written at Winter Haven, Florida. "Congressnman Ireland switches to the GOP". The Miami Herald. Palm Beach, Florida. From Herald Wire Services. July 6, 1984. p. 16A – via Newspapers.com.
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  56. ^ "Rep. Barras joins GOP". Baton Rouge Morning Advocate. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved August 23, 2011.
  57. ^ Jackson, Hugh (April 27, 1994). "Bebout switches parties, joins GOP; Says no statewide ambitions this year". Casper Star-Tribune. p. A1.
  58. ^ Jonathan Shorman (December 19, 2018). "More Kansas lawmakers switch parties: Sykes, Clayton leave GOP, become Democrats". Kansas City Star. Retrieved August 26, 2020.
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  60. ^ Pender, Geoff (March 26, 2013). "Sen. Browning switches to Republican". Clarion-Ledger. Archived from the original on April 10, 2013. Retrieved March 27, 2013.
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  65. ^ Jonathan Shorman (December 19, 2018)"More Kansas lawmakers switch parties: Sykes, Clayton leave GOP, become Democrats". Kansas City Star. Retrieved August 26, 2020.
  66. ^ Sylvia, Andrew (February 8, 2024). "Meredith state representative changes parties". Manchester Ink Link. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
  67. ^ "Arkansas Rep. Linda Collins-Smith switches to GOP". DeseretNews.com. August 10, 2011. Archived from the original on October 5, 2018. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
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