Leontophone
Leontophone (Leontophonus, Leontophonos, Leophontes) (Ancient Greek: λεοντοφόνος, meaning "lion-killer") was a small animal (most probably legendary) that was deadly to lions. The first written record is from Greco-Roman writers,[1][2] but it was also known later at the Medieval period (Medieval bestiaries).
To be killed, the lion needs to only bite the leontophone. Though, in a proper ritual, the leontophone's flesh is burned and its ashes are sprinkled on a piece of meat, which is placed at a crossroad; if a lion eats even a small amount of the tainted meat, it dies. The ancients considered this method a 'happy arrangement', since both lions and leontophones die in the process; from this, one can safely assume that not only were lions considered dangerous, but leontophones may have been considered pests.[3]
Likewise, due to the danger they pose to lions, lions instinctively hate leontophones. Confronted by a leontophone, they often hunt and kill them, tearing them apart with their claws rather than biting them.[4] However, some sources state that the lion will instead flee from the small creature, only attacking and killing it when left with no option to flee (since attacking the leontophone may cause it to urinate, and the urine of the leontophone is also fatally poisonous to lions).[5]
Though no sources give a definite depiction of the leontophone's appearance, some sources speculate that the creature looks like a small boar or a small bear, while others speculate that it is serpentine (with some referring to it even as a small 'worm', the medieval term for a dragon).
External links
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, Leontophonos
- ^ Pliny the Elder, The Natural History, 8.57
- ^ Hulme, Frederick Edward (1895). "Leontophone". Natural History, Lore and Legend by Frederick Edward Hulme. Retrieved 2012-09-28.
- ^ "Leontophone". The Medieval Bestiary. Retrieved 2008-12-28.
{{cite web}}: External link in|work= - ^ Bodenheimer, Friedrich Simon (1960). "Leontophone". Animal and Man in Bible Lands, Volume 1 By Friedrich Simon Bodenheimer. Retrieved 2012-09-28.
- Romanesque Architecture and its Sculptural in Christian Spain, 1000-1120
- Allegory of the Church, by Calvin Kendall
- A new abridgment of Ainsworth's dictionary by Robert Ainsworth
- Medieval Bestiary- Leontophone
- Animal and Man in Bible Lands, Volume 1 by Friedrich Simon Bodenheimer
- Aelian, On the Nature of Animals, 4.18 in English translation with links to other ancient sources