Lanthanum(III) sulfate

Lanthanum(III) sulfate
Names
	Other names Lanthanum sulfate;
Identifiers
CAS Number	10099-60-2;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	140072;
ECHA InfoCard	100.030.204
EC Number	233-239-6;
PubChem CID	159259;
UN number	4636PY459O
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID00890640 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/2La.3H2O4S/c;;31-5(2,3)4/h;;3(H2,1,2,3,4)/q2*+3;;;/p-6;
	SMILES [O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[La+3].[La+3];
Properties
Chemical formula	La2(SO4)3
Molar mass	566.00 g/mol
Appearance	White solid
Density	2.82 g/cm3 (nonahydrate)
Melting point	775 °C (1,427 °F; 1,048 K) (decomposition)
Solubility in water	2.7 g/100 mL (20 °C, nonahydrate)
Solubility	insoluble in ethanol
Structure
Crystal structure	hexagonal
Space group	P63
Lattice constant	a = 11.01 Å, c = 8.08 Å
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	0 0 1
Related compounds
Other anions	Lanthanum(III) nitrate
Other cations	Cerium(III) sulfate
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Lanthanum(III) sulfate is an inorganic compound with the formula La₂(SO₄)₃·xH₂O (0 ≥ x ≥ 9). It forms various hydrates, the most common one being the nonahydrate, which are all white solids. It is an intermediate in producing lanthanum from its ores.^[4]

Preparation and reactions

The nonahydrate is produced by dissolving lanthanum or lanthanum hydroxide in dilute sulfuric acid, then evaporating the solution:^[5]

La + H₂SO₂ → La₂(SO₄)₃ + H₂

The anhydrous compound can be produced by heating the hydrates to 300 °C. If heated further, anhydrous lanthanum(III) sulfate decomposes to La₂O₂SO₄ at 775 °C, which in turn decomposes to lanthanum(III) oxide at 1100 °C.^[2]

Structure

The nonahydrate crystallizes in a hexagonal crystal system, which contains the lanthanum atoms in two different environments.^[3]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Haynes, William, ed. (2016). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (93rd ed.). CRC Press. p. 4-70. ISBN 9781439880500.
^ ^a ^b James A. Poston Jr.; Ranjani V. Siriwardane; Edward P. Fisher; Angela L. Miltz (2003). "Thermal decomposition of the rare earth sulfates of cerium(III), cerium(IV), lanthanum(III) and samarium(III)". Applied Surface Science. 214 (1–4): 83–102. doi:10.1016/S0169-4332(03)00358-1.
^ ^a ^b Elizabeth Gebert Sherry (1976). "The structure of Pr2(SO4)3 · 8H2O and La2(SO4)3 · 9H2O". Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 19 (3): 271–279. doi:10.1016/0022-4596(76)90177-8.
^ Greenwood & Earnshaw (1984), pp. 1426–1429
^ Richard A. Vanderpool; Masood A. Khan; Roger Frech (1991). "Structure and Raman spectra of single crystal La2(SO4)3 · 8H2O". Journal of Molecular Structure. 245 (3–4): 255–273. doi:10.1016/0022-2860(91)87101-M.

Bibliography

Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1984). Chemistry of the Elements. Oxford: Pergamon Press. ISBN 978-0-08-022057-4.

[crc-1] Haynes, William, ed. (2016). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (93rd ed.). CRC Press. p. 4-70. ISBN 9781439880500.

[decomp-2] James A. Poston Jr.; Ranjani V. Siriwardane; Edward P. Fisher; Angela L. Miltz (2003). "Thermal decomposition of the rare earth sulfates of cerium(III), cerium(IV), lanthanum(III) and samarium(III)". Applied Surface Science. 214 (1–4): 83–102. doi:10.1016/S0169-4332(03)00358-1.

[crys-3] Elizabeth Gebert Sherry (1976). "The structure of Pr2(SO4)3 · 8H2O and La2(SO4)3 · 9H2O". Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 19 (3): 271–279. doi:10.1016/0022-4596(76)90177-8.

[Greenwood1426-4] Greenwood & Earnshaw (1984), pp. 1426–1429

[octa-5] Richard A. Vanderpool; Masood A. Khan; Roger Frech (1991). "Structure and Raman spectra of single crystal La2(SO4)3 · 8H2O". Journal of Molecular Structure. 245 (3–4): 255–273. doi:10.1016/0022-2860(91)87101-M.

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