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La Raza metro station

Coordinates: 19°28′13″N 99°08′13″W / 19.470153°N 99.136891°W / 19.470153; -99.136891
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

"La Raza Station" redirects here. For other stations of the same name, see La Raza (disambiguation).
Pictogram of La Raza metro station. It features the silhouette of a Mesoamerican pyramid with an eagle at the top. La Raza
Mexico City Metro
STC rapid transit
Several people walk through La Raza's Line 5 tunnel. The walls display pictures of science and astronomy.
Various scientific images are displayed in La Raza's transfer tunnel (pictured)
General information
LocationMexico City Metro Line 3 Insurgentes Norte Avenue
Mexico City Metro Line 5 Leoncavallo Street and Paganini Street
Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City
Mexico
Coordinates19°28′13″N 99°08′13″W / 19.470153°N 99.136891°W / 19.470153; -99.136891
Owned byGovernment of Mexico City
Operated bySistema de Transporte Colectivo (STC)
Line(s)Mexico City Metro Line 3 (Indios Verdes – Universidad)
Mexico City Metro Line 5 (Politécnico – Pantitlán)
Platforms4 side platforms (2 per line)
Tracks4 (2 per line)
Connections
Construction
Structure type
Bicycle facilitiesBicycle parking-only
AccessiblePartial
Other information
StatusIn service
History
Opened
  • Mexico City Metro Line 3 25 August 1978; 46 years ago (1978-08-25)
  • Mexico City Metro Line 5 1 July 1982; 42 years ago (1982-07-01)
Passengers
202312,496,437[a] Increase 5.49%
Rank
Services
Preceding station Mexico City Metro Following station
Potrero
toward Indios Verdes
 Line 3 Tlatelolco
toward Universidad
Autobuses del Norte
toward Politécnico
 Line 5 Misterios
toward Pantitlán
Location
La Raza is located in Mexico City
La Raza
Pictogram of La Raza metro station. It features the silhouette of a Mesoamerican pyramid with an eagle at the top. La Raza
Location within Mexico City
Map
Area map and exits

La Raza metro station[b] is a Mexico City Metro transfer station in the borough of Gustavo A. Madero, in Mexico City. The station features a combination of underground and at-grade buildings; each has two side platforms. La Raza serves Lines 3 (the Olive Line) and 5 (the Yellow Line). La Raza metro station is located between Potrero and Tlatelolco stations on Line 3, and between Autobuses del Norte and Misterios stations on Line 5.

La Raza metro station opened on 25 August 1978 with service on Line 3 heading south toward Hospital General metro station. North service toward Indios Verdes metro station began on 1 December 1979. Southeasterly service on Line 5 toward Pantitlán metro station began on 1 July 1982. The transfer tunnel is approximately 600 meters (2,000 ft), making it the second-longest in the system. Inside the transfer tunnel, a permanent science exhibition called El Túnel de la Ciencia ("The Tunnel of Science") was installed by the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) to provide scientific information to passengers. It showcases information about science and astronomy through images since 30 November 1988.

The station services the colonias (neighborhoods) of Vallejo and Héroes de Nacozari. It is located along Avenida de los Insurgentes, near Eje Central. The station's pictogram represents the nearby Monumento a la Raza, a pyramid-shaped structure dedicated to la Raza, Mexico's diverse native peoples and cultures. The facilities at La Raza metro station are partially accessible to people with disabilities as there are braille signage plates. The station has an Internet café, a library, and a mural titled Monstruos de fin de milenio, painted by Ariosto Otero Reyes. Outside, there is a bicycle parking station and a transportation hub.

In 2019, the station had an average daily ridership of 40,937 passengers. Since its opening, the station has experienced some incidents, including a shooting and a train crash in the northbound tunnel, where one person died and 106 others were injured.

Location and layout

[edit]
The bus terminal outside La Raza station on Line 3, with several Nissan Caravan minibusses parked. The area also features several retailers.
View of the La Raza transportation hub from the outside of Line 3

La Raza is a metro transfer station in the Gustavo A. Madero borough, in northern Mexico City. The Line 3 station is situated below Avenida de los Insurgentes, while the Line 5 station lies along the intersection of Leoncavallo and Paganini Streets, near Eje Central Lázaro Cárdenas. The station serves the colonias (neighborhoods) of Héroes de Nacozari and Vallejo.[3] Its pictogram depicts the Monumento a la Raza, a pyramid-shaped construction erected in 1940 in honor of la Raza,[3][4] an ethnic movement by Mexico's indigenous peoples.[2] Within the system, it is followed by Potrero and Tlatelolco stations on Line 3 and Autobuses del Norte and Misterios stations on Line 5.[3]

The station has five exits. To the northwest and southwest, passengers can enter Line 3 from Avenida de los Insurgentes in Colonia Vallejo. To the west, the Line 3 exit connects to Avenida de los Insurgentes in Colonia Héroes de Nacozari. On Line 5, The north exit provides access to Calle Leoncavallo and Calle Paganini in Colonia Vallejo, while the south exit leads to Calle Paganini. The station facilities offer accessibility for people with disabilities, featuring braille plates.[3]

The area is serviced by a Centro de transferencia modal (CETRAM), a type of transportation hub covering 19,544 square meters (210,370 sq ft).[5] From there, commuters can access various routes and modes of transportation.[6] Among the available options are Lines 1 and 3 of the Mexico City Metrobús system,[7] Line IV of the Mexibús system,[8] Line 1 (formerly Line A) of the trolleybus network,[3] Routes 11-A, 12, 23, 27-A, and 103 of the Red de Transporte de Pasajeros network,[9] and Routes 7-D, 20-C, and 20-D of the city's public bus network.[10] Street stalls are found in the CETRAM.[6]

History and construction

[edit]
The Monumento a la Raza is a stone structure inspired by Mesoamerican pyramids. At the top, a statue of an eagle with its wings spread is featured, while the next level showcases a statue of a standing man.
La Raza's pictogram is inspired by the Monumento a la Raza pyramid (pictured)

The passenger transfer tunnel that connects Line 3 with Line 5 has an approximate length of 600 m (2,000 ft),[11] and is the second-longest in the system after Atlalilco metro station, which connects Lines 8 and 12 (the Green and Golden lines, respectively), whose length is 880 m (2,890 ft).[12] Inside the station, there is an Internet café, a help desk, and a library.[3][13]

Line 3

[edit]

The line was built by Ingeniería de Sistemas de Transportes Metropolitano, Electrometro, and Cometro, the latter being a subsidiary of Empresas ICA.[14] It opened on 20 November 1970.[15] La Raza metro station became its temporary northern terminal on 25 August 1978 providing service southward toward Hospital General metro station.[16] Northern service toward Indios Verdes metro station began on 1 December 1979.[17]

The station was built underground, and the stretch between La Raza and Potrero transitions from the underground level to the grade level.[18] Its length is 1,106 meters (3,629 ft).[19] The opposite tunnel toward Tlatelolco is 1,445 m (4,741 ft) long.[19]

In August 2016, the Government of Mexico City installed a bicycle parking station outside the station.[20]

Line 5

[edit]

Cometro built the line, which was inaugurated on 19 December 1981.[21][22] The station opened on 1 July 1982, the first day of service for the western expansion from Consulado metro station to La Raza.[16] The station was built at grade level and served as a temporary terminus station.[23] The line was later extended northwest toward Politécnico metro station on 30 August 1982.[24] The section between La Raza and Autobuses del Norte is 975 m (3,199 ft) long,[25] while the opposite one toward Misterios is 892 m (2,927 ft) long,[25] and goes from the street level to the underground one.[19]

In 2008, Metro authorities carried out maintenance work on the station's roof.[26]

Incidents

[edit]

The station floods during periods of heavy rainfall.[27][28]

On 28 September 1995, Ernesto Cruz Jiménez, a police officer from Huixquilucan, State of Mexico, entered a parked train and shot seven passengers, killing two.[29][30] After being arrested, Cruz stated that he was feeling depressed. He was sentenced to 50 years in prison.[31][32] Following the incident, the Government of Mexico City installed walk-through metal detectors in the metro system.[30][33]

On 7 January 2023, at 09:16 CST (UTC−6),[34] two trains crashed between La Raza and Potrero interstation tunnel, resulting in one death and 106 injuries.[35] Both trains were heading northbound toward Indios Verdes metro station. Service between Indios Verdes and Guerrero metro stations was temporarily suspended.[36] Twenty days later, the Attorney General's Office of Mexico City attributed the accident to two reasons: reported cable theft the day before and negligent driving by the operator for failing to deactivate the autopilot and not driving in manual mode in the theft zone, as indicated by the procedure manual. Subsequently, the Mexico City government deployed members of the National Guard to monitor metro stations, claiming—without providing evidence—that opponents sabotaged the system.[37][38] After the accident, a metro driver published a video about how the tunnels look due to the lack of lighting in multiple areas.[39]

Ridership

[edit]

According to the data provided by the authorities, before the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on public transport, commuters averaged per year between 30,700 and 32,900 on Line 3 daily entrances between 2014 and 2019 and 9,500 and 10,500 daily entrances on Line 5 during the same period.

In 2019, the station's total ridership reached 14,942,281 passengers. Of this, Line 3, saw 11,364,171 passenger entries (31,134 passengers per day), marking a decrease of 397,769 passengers compared to 2018. For Line 5, the station had a ridership of 3,578,110 (9,803 passengers per day), reflecting a decrease of 46,541 compared to 2018.[40][41]

In 2019 specifically, the Line 3 station ranked as the 38th busiest of the system's 195 stations and the sixth busiest on the line. The Line 5 station ranked 155th in the system and was the fifth busiest on the line.[40]

Annual passenger ridership (Line 3)
Year Ridership Average daily Rank % change Ref.
2023 9,077,998 24,871 29/195 +2.30% [1]
2022 8,873,704 24,311 26/195 +41.34% [1]
2021 6,278,397 17,201 33/195 −7.90% [42]
2020 6,817,252 18,626 33/195 −40.01% [43]
2019 11,364,171 31,134 38/195 −3.38% [40]
2018 11,761,940 32,224 35/195 −0.50% [41]
2017 11,820,693 32,385 36/195 +5.19% [44]
2016 11,237,304 30,703 43/195 −5.01% [45]
2015 11,830,310 32,411 36/195 −1.20% [46]
2014 11,974,008 32,805 36/195 −3.37% [47]
Historical annual passenger ridership
2009 14,795,131 40,534 19/175 — [48]
Annual passenger ridership (Line 5)
Year Ridership Average daily Rank % change Ref.
2023 3,418,439 9,365 124/195 +15.00% [1]
2022 2,972,607 8,144 133/195 +23.14% [1]
2021 2,414,062 6,613 125/195 +8.25% [42]
2020 2,230,054 6,093 146/195 −37.68% [43]
2019 3,578,110 9,803 155/195 −1.28% [40]
2018 3,624,651 9,930 154/195 −0.37% [41]
2017 3,638,243 9,967 152/195 +4.42% [44]
2016 3,484,215 9,519 151/195 −8.53% [45]
2015 3,809,245 10,436 136/195 +2.41% [46]
2014 3,719,585 10,190 139/195 −3.96% [47]
Historical annual passenger ridership
2009 3,668,032 10,049 126/175 — [48]

Landmarks

[edit]

El túnel de la ciencia

[edit]

The El túnel de la ciencia Museum (lit. transl. The Tunnel of Science)[49] is the longest permanent exposition in the world.[50] Science and astronomy pictures and information are displayed on the walls located inside the transfer tunnel. It was inaugurated on 30 November 1988, becoming the first Latin American scientific exhibition installed in a public transport location.[13] Its purpose is to provide scientific information to passengers, particularly aimed at young people, many of whom are studentsat the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) and the National Polytechnic Institute (IPN).[51]

The tunnel covers an area of 6,177 square meters (66,490 sq ft)[52] and features images of autumn sky constellations,[51] planets and satellites, the Milky Way,[53] and, in the middle of the tunnel, there is a drawn-to-scale representation of the celestial sphere displaying the 12 zodiac constellations, drawn with luminous paint.[13][54] The exhibition was installed by Universum, UNAM's science museum.[51] It is estimated that 60,000 people visit it with the guided tour service.[13] In 2018, the Institute of Astronomy of the UNAM [es] remodeled the tunnel.[13]

Other exhibitions

[edit]

On 25 November 2008, the Metro authorities installed the 1997 mural Monstruos de fin de milenio (lit. transl. Monsters from the End of the Millennium), which was painted and donated to the metro system by Mexican painter Ariosto Otero Reyes [es].[55]

In June 2015, the Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV) of the IPN exhibited multiple human brains, showcasing their anatomy, and some injuries they had suffered.[56] In April 2016, the Geology Museum of the UNAM [es] displayed rocks, fossils, minerals, and a shark jaw.[57] In June 2016, the system featured an exhibition of 80 preserved human body parts by the Tominaga Nakamoto University, a display of 50 sculptures by Nour Kuri representing human bodies, and six photographs by Duilio Rodríguez representing pain.[58][59]

In May and June 2018, La Raza metro station hosted exhibitions by Manuel de la Cera, Norma Patiño, Teresa Olalde, and the Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM)'s LibroFest.[60] From 21 August to 15 October 2018, the Secretariat of Agriculture and Rural Development (SAGARPA) and the National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity (CONABIO) presented an exhibition in the tunnel focused on bees and their ecological importance.[61] In 2020, the station temporarily displayed pictures, landscapes, and sculptures created by the Swiss artist H. R. Giger.[62]

[edit]
A picture of La Raza's tunnel that represents the night sky.
In the middle of the tunnel, a representation of the celestial sphere is depicted with luminous paint
A mural depicts multiple people claiming and other fighting humanoid creatures. Some people hold books and documents that translate as "Social justice", "1917 Constitution" and the Spanish acronyms for the "Food and Agriculture Organization", the "Organization of American States", and the "United Nations".
Monstruos de Fin de Milenio mural by Ariosto Otero Reyes
An exhibition, whose title translates as "The fascinating expression of life: The human body", displays some human brains and spinal cord.
The June 2016 exhibition on the human body displaying the nervous system
Picture of an art gallery displaying 4 paintings.
Síntomas by Duilio Rodríguez
Landmarks and exhibitions at La Raza

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ The Mexico City Metro system counts the entries from interchange stations separately. Individually, Line 3 saw 9,077,998 passengers, while Line 5 recorded 3,418,439 passengers.[1]
  2. ^ Estación del Metro La Raza. Mexican Spanish pronunciation: [la 'ra.sa] ⓘ. The name of the station literally means "La Raza" in Spanish; however, its phrasal sense means "the People".[2]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g "Afluencia de estación por línea 2023" [Station traffic by line (2022–2023)] (in Spanish). Sistema Transporte Colectivo Metro. 2024. Archived from the original on 27 January 2024. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
  2. ^ a b "Why The Term 'La Raza' Has Complicated Roots In The US". Colorado Public Radio. Associated Press. 13 July 2017. Archived from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
  3. ^ a b c d e f "La Raza" (in Spanish). Sistema de Transporte Colectivo. Archived from the original on 17 February 2020. Retrieved 20 August 2011.
  4. ^ "Estación La Raza del STC Metro" [Mexico City Metro's La Raza Station] (in Spanish). Secretariat of Culture. Archived from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  5. ^ Domínguez Prieto, Olivia (2010). Trovadores posmodernos: músicos en el Sistema de Transporte Colectivo metro (in Spanish). National Autonomous University of Mexico. p. 86. ISBN 978-607-02-1451-6.
  6. ^ a b Delgado, Diana (4 June 2016). "Informales se instalan otra vez en paradero de La Raza" [Informal vendors set up again at the La Raza bus terminal]. El Universal (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 19 June 2020. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
  7. ^ "Metrobús - Ciudad de México: Ficha técnicas" [Metrobús – Mexico City: Data sheet] (in Spanish). Mexico City Metrobús. Archived from the original on 7 August 2011. Retrieved 20 August 2011.
  8. ^ Velasco, Ángeles (9 October 2021). "Ponen en Marcha estaciones del Mexibús para conectar a Tecámac con Indios Verdes" [Mexibús stations start their service to connect Tecámac to Indios Verdes]. Excélsior (in Spanish). Tecámac. Archived from the original on 26 November 2021. Retrieved 14 February 2022.
  9. ^ "Red de Rutas" [Routes network] (in Spanish). Red de Transporte de Pasajeros. Archived from the original on 6 November 2021. Retrieved 30 October 2021.
  10. ^ "Red de corredores" [Route network] (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 14 October 2021. Retrieved 30 October 2021.
  11. ^ "Transbordos en el Metro ¿una opción para ejercitarte?" [Transfers in the Metro: A Way to Exercise?]. Milenio (in Spanish). 12 January 2018. Archived from the original on 17 January 2019. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  12. ^ Díaz, Omar (22 January 2018). "Conoce los 10 transbordos más largos del Metro" [Discover the 10 Longest Transfers in the Metro]. Publimetro (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  13. ^ a b c d e "UNAM remodelará Museo Túnel de la Ciencia en el Metro de CDMX" [UNAM will remodel the Tunnel of Science Museum in the Mexico City Metro]. Matutino Express (in Spanish). Televisa. 10 November 2018. Archived from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  14. ^ "Línea 3, Ciudad de México" [Line 3, Mexico City] (in Spanish). iNGENET Infraestructura. 20 July 2009. Archived from the original on 10 September 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  15. ^ Reyes, Iván (14 October 2024). "Línea 3: la historia una de las líneas más usadas del Metro de la CDMX" [Line 3: The History of One of the Most Used Lines of the Mexico City Metro]. MVS Noticias. Retrieved 14 December 2024.
  16. ^ a b Transporte: Seis años de esfuerzo conjunto [Transportation: Six Years of Joint Effort] (in Spanish). Vol. I. Government of the Federal District Department. 1987. p. 17.
  17. ^ "¿Por qué Quieren Cambiar de Nombre a la Estación Indios Verdes?" [Why the Name of the Indios Verdes Station Wants to Be Changed?]. Noticieros Televisa (in Spanish). 20 April 2023.
  18. ^ Mora, Karla (10 July 2019). "Por mantenimiento, cerrarán 4 estaciones de la Línea 3 del Metro" [Due to Maintenance, 4 Stations on Line 3 of the Metro Will Be Closed]. La Razón (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 11 July 2019. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
  19. ^ a b c Gamez Rojas, Marlen (2010). "Análisis de riesgos de incendio en el Sistema de Transporte Colectivo Metro" [Fire Risk Analysis in the Sistema Transporte Colectivo Metro] (PDF) (in Spanish). Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica. Instituto Politécnico Nacional. p. 94. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 November 2020.
  20. ^ Pérez Courtade, Luis (5 August 2016). "Inauguran biciestacionamiento en el Metro La Raza" [Bicycle parking inaugurated at La Raza metro station]. Excélsior (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 8 July 2017. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  21. ^ "Línea 5, Ciudad de México" [Line 5, Mexico City] (in Spanish). iNGENET Infraestructura. 20 July 2009. Archived from the original on 2 September 2014. Retrieved 15 April 2020.
  22. ^ "CDMX ¿Cuáles son las estaciones de la Línea 5 del Metro?" [Mexico City: What Are the Stations of Line 5 of the Metro?]. Noticieros Televisa (in Spanish). 3 September 2021. Retrieved 14 December 2024.
  23. ^ "La Raza Metro Station (Línea 5) (Mexico City, 1982)". Structurae.net. Archived from the original on 18 June 2020. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
  24. ^ Pérez Cisneros, Tonatiuh (7 May 2018). ""El 8", el aterrador sitio del Metro Instituto del Petróleo" ["The 8", the Scary Location at Instituto del Petróleo Metro Station] (in Spanish). Reversos.mx. Archived from the original on 25 August 2020. Retrieved 23 August 2020.
  25. ^ a b "Longitud de estación a estación por línea" [Length from Station to Station by Line] (in Spanish). Sistema de Transporte Colectivo Metro. Archived from the original on 4 May 2021. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
  26. ^ "Marzo 28 08" [March 28 08] (PDF). Mexico City Official Journal (in Spanish). 28 March 2008. p. 1. Retrieved 23 August 2020.
  27. ^ "Fotogalería: Se inunda Túnel de la Ciencia en Metro La Raza" [Photogallery: The Tunnel of Science Floods in La Raza Metro Station]. Excélsior (in Spanish). 25 May 2017. Archived from the original on 4 November 2017. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  28. ^ Trejo, Yeseline (6 May 2021). "Se inunda metro La Raza por fuertes lluvias" [La Raza Station Floods Due to Heavy Rains]. Diario AS (in Spanish). Mexico City. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  29. ^ Notimex (20 September 2019). "Hay tragedias en el Metro que no se olvidan" [There Are Tragedies in the Metro That Are Not Forgotten]. Excélsior (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 7 December 2019. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  30. ^ a b "¡Accidentes y balaceras! Estos son los momentos de pánico que se han vivido en el Metro" [Accidents and shootings! These Are the Moments of Panic Experienced in the Metro]. Grupo Fórmula (in Spanish). 11 March 2020. Archived from the original on 12 March 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  31. ^ "Le dan 50 años" [Sentenced to 50 Years] (in Spanish). vLex.com. 28 April 1998. Archived from the original on 8 May 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  32. ^ Nájar, Alberto (10 May 1998). "Todo el Metro" [All About the Metro]. La Jornada (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 5 June 2020. Retrieved 5 June 2020.
  33. ^ "Metro de la CDMX: cinco tragedias que han ocurrido en sus instalaciones" [Mexico City Metro: Five Tragedies That Have Occurred in the Facilities] (in Spanish). Uno TV. 11 March 2020. Archived from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
  34. ^ Llano, Fernando (7 January 2023). "Choque de trenes deja un muerto y 57 heridos en México" [Train Collision Leaves One Dead and 57 Injured in Mexico]. Los Angeles Times (in Spanish). Associated Press. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  35. ^ Ferri, Pablo (8 January 2022). "El Gobierno de Ciudad de México eleva el número de heridos del accidente del metro a 106" [Mexico City government raises number of injured in subway accident to 106]. El País (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 15 January 2023.
  36. ^ "Fuerte choque de trenes en el Metro de la CDMX dejaría varios heridos de gravedad". Infobae (in Spanish). 7 January 2023. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  37. ^ Linthicum, Kate (26 January 2023). "Crashes on Mexico City's neglected subway kill dozens. The mayor's answer? Send in troops". Los Angeles Times. Mexico City. Archived from the original on 4 July 2024. Retrieved 14 December 2024.
  38. ^ Santiago, David (6 January 2024). "Línea 3 del Metro: A un año del choque, entre polémicas y acuerdos" [Line 3 of the Metro: One Year After the Crash, Amidst Controversies and Agreements]. Expansión (in Spanish). Retrieved 6 October 2024.
  39. ^ "La Línea 3 bajo la oscuridad: Así es como ve un chofer del Metro CDMX" [Line 3 in the Dark: This Is How a Mexico City Metro Driver Sees It]. TV Azteca (in Spanish). 10 January 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2024.
  40. ^ a b c d "Afluencia de estación por línea 2019" [Station traffic by line in 2019] (in Spanish). Sistema Transporte Colectivo Metro. 2020. Archived from the original on 3 July 2020. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
  41. ^ a b c "Afluencia de estación por línea 2018" [Station traffic by line in 2018] (in Spanish). Sistema Transporte Colectivo Metro. 2019. Archived from the original on 6 June 2019. Retrieved 7 April 2020.
  42. ^ a b "Afluencia de estación por línea 2021" [Station traffic by line in 2021] (in Spanish). Sistema Transporte Colectivo Metro. 2022. Archived from the original on 7 March 2022. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  43. ^ a b "Afluencia de estación por línea 2020" [Station traffic by line in 2020] (in Spanish). Sistema Transporte Colectivo Metro. 2021. Archived from the original on 21 June 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  44. ^ a b "Afluencia de estación por línea 2017" [Station traffic by line in 2017] (in Spanish). Sistema Transporte Colectivo Metro. 2019. Archived from the original on 3 May 2020. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
  45. ^ a b "Afluencia de estación por línea 2016" [Station traffic by line in 2016] (in Spanish). Sistema Transporte Colectivo Metro. 2017. Archived from the original on 3 May 2020. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
  46. ^ a b "Afluencia de estación por línea 2015" [Station traffic by line in 2015] (in Spanish). Sistema Transporte Colectivo Metro. 2016. Archived from the original on 3 May 2020. Retrieved 6 May 2020.
  47. ^ a b "Afluencia de estación por línea 2014" [Station traffic by line in 2014] (in Spanish). Sistema Transporte Colectivo Metro. 2015. Archived from the original on 3 May 2020. Retrieved 6 May 2020.
  48. ^ a b "Afluencia de estación por línea 2009" [Station traffic by line in 2009] (in Spanish). Sistema Transporte Colectivo Metro. 2010. Archived from the original on 7 September 2010. Retrieved 20 December 2024.
  49. ^ Janzen, Rebecca (2015). "Conclusion: Crowds on Mexico City's Subway: The Ultimate Challenge". The National Body in Mexican Literature: Collective Challenges to Biopolitical Control. Meagher. p. 159. doi:10.1057/9781137543011_6. ISBN 978-1-137-54301-1.
  50. ^ Cocking, Lauren (24 May 2017). "A Brief History of the Mexico City Metro". Culture Trip. Archived from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
  51. ^ a b c Notimex (27 December 2015). "En el Metro de México, el museo más visitado del mundo" [Inside Mexico City Metro, the most visited museum in the world]. El Economista (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
  52. ^ López, Jonás (30 November 2019). "Cumple 31 años el Túnel de la Ciencia" [The Tunnel of Science turns 31]. Excélsior (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
  53. ^ "Túnel de la Ciencia en el metro La Raza" [The Tunnel of Science at La Raza Metro Station]. Dónde Ir (in Spanish). GIN Media. September 2019. Archived from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
  54. ^ "Things to See in Mexico City". Frommer's. Archived from the original on 27 April 2019. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
  55. ^ Notimex (25 November 2008). "Llega a la estación La Raza mural de Ariosto Otero" [Ariosto Otero's Mural Arrives at La Raza Station]. El Universal. Mexico City. Archived from the original on 21 June 2020. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
  56. ^ "Fotogalería: Exhiben cerebros en Metro La Raza" [Photo Gallery: Brains on Display at La Raza Metro Station]. Excélsior (in Spanish). Mexico City. 10 June 2015. Archived from the original on 29 December 2015. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
  57. ^ Ahumada, Dulce (11 April 2016). "Fósiles y dinosaurios llegan al Metro La Raza" [Fossils and Dinosaurs Arrive to La Raza Metro Station] (in Spanish). máspormás. Archived from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  58. ^ Notimex (10 June 2016). "En el Metro La Raza, una muestra de partes humanas" [At La Raza station, a sampling of human parts]. El Economista (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  59. ^ Tijerino, René (23 June 2016). "La exposición Transbordo, en la estación La Raza. Iniciativa del Palacio de la Escuela de Medicina" [The Transbordo exhibition, at La Raza station. Medical School Palace initiative]. Gaceta UNAM (in Spanish) (4795). National Autonomous University of Mexico: 18. Archived from the original on 26 June 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  60. ^ "El Metro La Raza escenario para cuatro exposiciones del LibroFest Metropolitano 2018" [La Raza metro station stage for four exhibitions of the Metropolitan BookFest 2018] (in Spanish). Radio Expresión México. 19 May 2018. Archived from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  61. ^ "Abejas en el Metro La Raza" [Bees at La Raza metro station] (in Spanish). Federal government of Mexico. 21 August 2018. Archived from the original on 27 June 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  62. ^ Notimex (25 January 2020). "Exponen obras de H. R. Giger en el Metro La Raza" [H. R. Giger's Works on Display at La Raza Metro Station]. El Universal (in Spanish). Mexico City. Archived from the original on 24 May 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
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