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Kinyandonyi

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Kinyandonyi is a village in the Rutshuru Territory of the North Kivu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Kinyandonyi is situated 10 km east of the city of Kiwanja in Bukoma groupement, in the Bwisha Chiefdom and 85 km north of the capital of the province Goma. The region is inhabited by the Hunde people as well as some remaining autochthonous populations of African Pygmies, including the Twa people and the Mbuti people.[1][2] In addition to the Hunde, Twa, and Mbuti, there are other ethnic groups, including the Nyanga, Lega, Kumu, Hutu and Tutsi.

Economy

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Agriculture is a growing source of income, as most of the population lives in abundance of poverty and lives in an infernal cycle of misery.[3][4] Consequently, the Association of Agricultural Journalists of Congo (AJAC), a non-partisan organization for agriculture, distributes seeds for agricultural development, teaches technical skills relating to farming and livestock, and trains villagers in the region to save their money.[5] In addition, the organization helps villagers to learn business management and supports them in making their projects more sustainable and secure.

Security problems

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The conflict has plagued the Kinyandonyi village since interethnic fighting erupted during the First and the Second Congo War.[6] During the First and Second Congo Wars, the Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo (AFDL), supported by Rwanda, waged war in Zaire and systematically shelled numerous camps, committed massacres, forced the repatriation of some of the Hutu refugees back to Rwanda as well as fighting to oust Mobutu Sese Seko out of power.[7][8][9] As a result, the Hutu refugees fled westward into more remote areas of Zaire, including Lubero, Kinyandonyi, Kaniola, Kigurwe, Tingi-Tingi, Wendji Secli, Ingende, Mbandaka, and other regions in eastern Zaire.[10][11][12] From 2000 onwards, forces from the Coalition des Patriotes Résistants du Congo (PARECO), the Rassemblement Congolais pour la Démocratie (RCD), Mai-Mai and the Congrès National pour la Défense du Peuple (CNDP) all carried out rapes and killings and ‘insecurity, corruption and injustice increased’.[13][14][15][16]

In April 2008, the clashes between the Congolese army of the 6th Integrated Brigade and the FDLR militiamen in the villages of Mugogo, Rugarama and Kinyandonyi resulted in six fatalities and 14 wounded.[17]

In January 2020, eight people were killed, several were injured and three homes were set on fire in an attack by suspected FDLR (Forces démocratiques de libération du Rwanda) operatives in Kinyandonyi, in the chiefdom of Bwisha in the Rutshuru territory, North Kivu.[18]

In April 2020, the FDLR conducted an armed attack in the Kinyandonyi village, resulting in one death and several injuries.[19]

In November 2022, four people were killed by a bomb, and several others were severely wounded in the village of Kinyandonyi near the CEPAC church. Four members of the same family lost their lives in a rocket launched by the M23 rebels.[20]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Muhindo, Léonard Kambere (1999). "Après les Banyamulenge, voici les Banyabwisha aux Kivu: la carte ethnique du Congo Belge en 1959" (PDF). Editions Yira, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. pp. 14–18. Retrieved 2023-03-22.
  2. ^ Biebuyck, Daniel P. (1957). "THE HUNDE OF MASISI TERRITOIRE Field Notes (1957) and a Brief Overview of Existing Literature" (PDF). pp. 1–10. Retrieved 2023-03-22.
  3. ^ "AJAC RDC providing support for agricultural producers during this pandemic period". IFAJ. 2020-08-04. Retrieved 2023-03-22.
  4. ^ "Nord-Kivu : le village de Kinyandoni vidé de sa population suite à l'incursion des FDLR". Radio Okapi (in French). 2020-06-02. Retrieved 2023-03-22.
  5. ^ "AJAC RDC providing support for agricultural producers during this pandemic period". IFAJ. 2020-08-04. Retrieved 2023-03-22.
  6. ^ Dola, Chris (November 2010). "War is not yet over: Community perceptions of sexual violence and its underpinnings in eastern DRC" (PDF). International Alert. p. 16. Retrieved 2023-03-22.
  7. ^ therwda (2020-05-13). "Tout sur les massacres de Mbandaka du 13 mai 1997" (in French). Retrieved 2023-03-22.
  8. ^ "LE GENOCIDE DES REFUGIES HUTU RWANDAIS ET BURUNDAIS A L'EST ET DANS LES FORETS EQUATORIALES DU ZAIRE (RDC) PAR L'ARMEE PATRIOTIQUE RWANDAISE (APR) DU GENERAL PAUL KAGAME" (PDF). Zaire. 1997. Retrieved 2023-03-22.
  9. ^ Mary (2009-03-29). "America's war in Central Africa". San Francisco Bay View. Retrieved 2023-03-22.
  10. ^ therwda (2020-05-13). "Tout sur les massacres de Mbandaka du 13 mai 1997" (in French). Retrieved 2023-03-22.
  11. ^ French, Howard W. (1997-09-23). "Refugees From Congo Give Vivid Accounts of Killings". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-03-22.
  12. ^ Ruhorahoza, Théophile (2009). Terminus Mbandaka: Le Chemin Des Charniers De Réfugiés Rwandais Au Congo (in French). Sources of the Nile. ISBN 978-2-9521712-3-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  13. ^ Groupe de Chercheurs Libres du Graben (2009). Les massacres perpétrés au camp militaire de KIKYO, Ville de Butembo, République Démocratique du Congo, le 20 Février 1998 et du 14 avril au 17 Avril 1998 [Massacres perpetrated in the KIKYO military camp in Butembo, DRC on 20th February 1998 and from 14th-17th April 1998] (in French). Butembo, Democratic Republic of the Congo.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  14. ^ Baaz, Maria Eriksson; Stern, Maria (2009). "Why Do Soldiers Rape? Masculinity, Violence, and Sexuality in the Armed Forces in the Congo (DRC)". International Studies Quarterly. 53 (2): 495–518. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2478.2009.00543.x. Retrieved 2023-03-22.
  15. ^ Mary (2010-07-12). "U.S. woman falsely accused of Rwanda genocide rape crimes". San Francisco Bay View. Retrieved 2023-03-22.
  16. ^ Ertürk, Yakin; UN. Human Rights Council. Special Rapporteur on Violence against Women and Girls, its Causes and its Consequences (2008-02-28). "Report of the Special Rapporteur on Violence against Women, Its Causes and Consequences, Yakin Ertürk :: addendum". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  17. ^ "Rutshuru : affrontements entre l'armée congolaise et les FDLR, 6 morts et 14 blessés". Radio Okapi (in French). 2008-06-05. Retrieved 2023-03-22.
  18. ^ "Nord-Kivu : 8 personnes tuées dans une attaque des présumés FDLR à Kinyandonyi". Radio Okapi (in French). 2020-01-15. Retrieved 2023-03-22.
  19. ^ Mokonzi, Azarias (2020-04-22). "Un mort et deux blessés graves par les FDLR à Kinyandonyi (Nord-Kivu) - Infocongo" (in French). Retrieved 2023-03-22.
  20. ^ "Affrontement à Rusthuru : une bombe lancée par le M23 tue 4 personnes d'une même famille à Kinyandonyi !". Buzz'actu (in French). Retrieved 2023-03-22.
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