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For the Hong Kong actor, see Kalok Chow.

Kalok Corporation
Company typePrivate
FoundedFebruary 1987; 37 years ago (1987-02) in Sunnyvale, California, United States
Founder
  • Steven Kaczeus
  • Wayne Lockhart
Defunct1994
FateAcquried by JT Storage
ProductsHard disk drives

Kalok Corporation was an American hard disk drive manufacturer company that was headquartered in Sunnyvale, California. It designed and manufactured low-cost 3.5-in hard disk drives for desktop computers, touching off a number of price wars in the industry,[1] before going bankrupt in 1994.

Kalok's products were not very well known for their reliability or speed, and still used stepper motor head actuator technology in 1991, which was considered outdated as the hard drive industry moved to voice coil head actuators.

History

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Kalok Corporation was founded in Sunnyvale, California, in February 1987 by Steven Kaczeus and Wayne Lockhart.[2][3] The company's founders had extensive prior experience in the field of computer data storage, which helped them attract investment.[2]: 33  Kaczeus, the executive vice president of engineering and chief designer of the company's drives,[2][4] had a history of designing successful products for prominent manufacturers such as LaPine Technology, Memorex, Seagate, and StorageTek. Lockhart, meanwhile, brought over 20 years of management experience from various Silicon Valley companies, including Varian Associates, Spectra-Physics, and Cooper LaserSonics. The company's name is derived from the beginning syllables of the founders' last names (Ka from Kaczeus and Lok from Lockhart).[2] The company was founded with only US$1.5 million in venture capital but immediately made a name for itself in the hard disk drive industry due to its ability to undercut the competition in the 3.5-inch HDD market by several hundreds of dollars. Instrumental to Kalook's early competitive streak was their knack for value engineering, the company eschewing a number of parts used in HDDs its contemporary in order to cut costs.[3]: 41  Manufacturing of Kalok's drives was originally performed by the Oriental Precision Company of Seoul, South Korea, who had a minority interest in Kalok as well as a licensing agreement allowing Oriental Precision to resell Kalok's drives under their own name.[5]

In August 1988, Kalok announced the KL341 and KL343, both 40-MB hard disk drives, along with the KL332, a 30-MB HDD. All three were 3.5-inch-diameter HDDs, cost under $330 each, and were for intended for the value-added reseller and OEM markets.[4][6] The KL341 and KL343's MTBF were rated at 43,000 hours, more than double that of similar 3.5-inch HDDs by Seagate Technology, then the industry leader for such drives.[4] The company announced 100-, 170-, and 330-MB drives for workstations that they hoped would be released in the fourth quarter of 1989.[6]

Monthly output at Oriental Precision went from 1,000 units in December 1987[3]: 41  to 10,000 units per month in October 1988.[5] In late 1989, Kalok began winding down their relationship with Oriental Precision as they focused on raising their own factory in the Philippines in late 1989.[5][7] The company were helped along with a business relationship with the Ayala Corporation, a large conglomerate in the Philippines. Kalok's move to the Philippines occurred simultaneously with a unsuccessful coup d'état against the government of Philippine President Corazon Aquino in December 1989. The attempted coup forced Kalok's factory to shut down temporarily; although Lockhart was trapped a hotel in Manila during this time, he remarked at the time that this event was less disruptive than a four-week factory stoppage at Oriental Precision.[7]

By October 1990, Kalok secured US$15 million in equity financing from investors led by the giant Japanese conglomerate Mitsubishi, which itself acquired a 19-percent ownership stake in Kalok and provided an additional US$8 million line of credit. Other participating investors included Orix Group, a leading leasing firm in Japan, as well as two Japanese venture capital firms: Techno-Venture Co. and Tokyo Venture Capital. Sunwestern Investment Group of Dallas, Texas, was erstwhile the sole U.S.-based investor in Kalok.[2]

Kalok's HDD sales peaked at US$80 million in 1990. The company went into precipitous decline in the early 1990s, with sales falling to $42,000 in 1992, from $60 million in 1991, largely due to Oriental Precision entering court receivership in South Korea and halting production of Kalok's HDDs.[8] The company also encountered critical bugs with their ASICs used on the controller boards of their HDDs, which led to slowed production and costly recalls.[9] As a consequence, Kalok soon found itself in the red by over $28 million.[8] Lockhart resigned as CEO in November 1992, replaced by Robert Martel.[9] In order to stave off its debt, Martel sold their Octagon brand of 40-, 80-, and 120-MB drives to the Xebec Japan Co. and divested its factory in the Philippines back to Ayala. Two foreign companies—DZU AD of Bulgaria and TEAC Corporation of Japan—together invested US$8 million to help revive Kalok.[8] Martel later resigned in June 1993, with David B. Pearce replacing him within this position.[1]

In 1994 Kalok went bankrupt and Pearce moved on to found JT Storage Inc, another hard disk drive manufacturer with Sirjang Lal Tandon and Tom Mitchel. JT Storage would continue engineering and development programs from the defunct Kalok Corporation.[10]

Hard drive models

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KL-230

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Model no. Gen. Released Capacity Cache Speed Interface Feature set Sector Size Notes Product Page
KL-230 1 2003 20 MB 3600 RPM MFM, ST412 – 512 bytes – Specifications
KL-320 21 MB MFM, ST506 512 bytes
KL-330 33 MB 3600 RPM RLL, ST506 512 bytes
KL-332 1989 30 MB ESDI 512 bytes
KL-340 43 MB MFM, ST506 512 bytes
KL-341 1989 40 MB 8 KB 3600 RPM SCSI-1 512 bytes
KL-342 43 MB RLL, ST506 512 bytes
KL-343 1989 40 MB RLL, ST506 512 bytes
KL-360 66 MB RLL, ST506 512 bytes
KL-381 85 MB SCSI-1 512 bytes
KL-383 85 MB RLL, ST506 512 bytes
KL-3100 1991 105 MB 32 KB 3662 RPM Parallel ATA 512 bytes
KL-3120 121 MB Parallel ATA 512 bytes
P5-125A 126 MB Parallel ATA 512 bytes
P5-125S 126 MB SCSI-2 512 bytes
P5-250A 252 MB Parallel ATA 512 bytes
P5-250S 252 MB SCSI-2 512 bytes
K-Stor 250 250 MB Parallel ATA 512 bytes
K-Stor 360 360 MB Parallel ATA 512 bytes
K-Stor 540 540 MB Parallel ATA 512 bytes

Services

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One of their last offerings was a 100 megabyte 3.5-inch disk drive using a stepper motor head actuator (rather than the servo-based voice coil operated actuators used on most drives of that density) and was very limited in both access speed and reliability. The drive was manufactured in India, and was commonly found in very inexpensive generic PCs.

In the early 1990s, Kalok also designed hard disks for TEAC[11][12] who used them as part of a removable hard disk drive system,[13] which was also sold under the Kalok name. After Kalok failed in 1994, JT Storage (JTS) hired its founder as their chief technical officer, and licensed the patents involved from TEAC and Pont Peripherals.[14]

References

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  1. ^ a b Aragon, Lawrence; Bill Snyder (November 29, 1993). "The new guard". PC Week. Vol. 10, no. 47. Ziff-Davis. p. A1 et seq. – via Gale.
  2. ^ a b c d e Clark, Don (October 10, 1990). "Low-Cost Strategy Lifts High-Tech Firm". San Francisco Chronicle. p. C1 – via ProQuest.
  3. ^ a b c Martin, James A. (December 7, 1987). "Kalok KOs Winchester cost, shoots market prices down". Computerworld. Vol. XXI, no. 49. IDG Publications. p. 33, 41 – via Google Books.
  4. ^ a b c Kovsky, Steven (July 25, 1988). "A disk-drive David takes aim at Goliaths". Computer Systems News. No. 376. UBM LLC. p. 16 – via Gale.
  5. ^ a b c Seither, Mike (October 1988). "New set of Winchester vendors battle entrenched players". Mini-Micro Systems. Vol. 21, no. 10. Reed Business Information. p. 17 et seq. – via Gale.
  6. ^ a b Staff writer (August 8, 1988). "Kalok Offering 3.5-Inch Winchesters". Electronic News. Reed Business Information. p. 13.
  7. ^ a b Hubbard, Holly (December 18, 1989). "Kalok stays on course". Computer Reseller News. No. 346. UBM LLC. p. 37 – via Gale.
  8. ^ a b c Aragon, Lawrence (March 1, 1993). "Kalok hoping new partners will help fuel a turnaround". The Business Journal. Vol. 10, no. 46. Business Journal Publishing Company. p. 4 – via Gale.
  9. ^ a b Costlow, Terry (January 11, 1993). "Kalok renews efforts in disk-drive market". Electronic Engineering Times. No. 728. UBM LLC. p. 23 et seq. – via Gale.
  10. ^ Hostetler, Michele (April 3, 1995). "Jugi Tandon starts disk drive firm with Kalok technology". The Business Journal. Vol. 12, no. 54. Business Journal Publishing Company. p. 7 – via Gale.
  11. ^ US patent 5446609, "Low profile disk drive assembly", issued 1995-08-29, assigned to TEAC Corporation and Pont Peripherals Corporation 
  12. ^ US patent 5886850, "High capacity, low profile disk drive system", issued 1999-03-23, assigned to TEAC Corporation and DZU Corporation 
  13. ^ "SD3250N, SD3360N, SD3540N (Removable Hard Disk Drives) - Installation guides and CMOS setup parameters" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on November 11, 2006.
  14. ^ "Form S-4: Registration under the Securities Act of 1933: JTS Corporation". June 22, 1996. Retrieved January 25, 2008.
[edit]
  • "Kalok". Hardware Collection (in Chinese and English). Archived from the original on March 28, 2017. Retrieved March 28, 2017. (NB. An (incomplete) list of hard disk drives produced by Kalok.)
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